CHAPTER2
REVIEW OFRELATED
LITERATURE
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
If you have to write an undergraduate dissertation you may be required to begin
by writing a literature review. A literature reviews. Are a search and evaluation
of the available literature review chosen topic area. It documents the state of the
art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about.
A literature review has four main objectives:
It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
It synthesizes the information in that literature into a summary.
It critically analyses the information gathered by identifying gaps in
current knowledge; by showing limitation oh theories and points of view;
and by formulating areas for further research and reviewing areas of
controversy.
It presents the literature in an organized way.
A literature review shows your readers that you have an in-depth grasp of your
subject; and that you understand where your own research fist into and adds to
an existing body of agreed knowledge.
Here ‘s another way of describing those four main tasks. A literature review;
1. Demonstrates familiarity with a body of knowledge and establishes the
credibility of your work;
2. Summaries prior research and says how your project is linked to it;
3. Integrates and summaries what is known about a subject;
4. Demonstrates that you have learnt from others and that your research is
a starting point for new ideas
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2.2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURES
RELAED STUDIES: INDIAN CONTEXT
Soy (n. a.) conducted a study on relationship between socio-economic status
and educational aspiration among higher secondary school students. The
findings of the study are (I) there is a positive correlation between the socio-
economic status and educational aspiration among higher secondary schools
student (ii) Difference between higher secondary school students of government
and private school in educational aspiration is not significant (iii) Difference
between higher secondary school students of government and private school in
socio-economic status is significant (iv) Difference between boys and girls of
higher secondary schools students in educational aspiration is not significant
and (v) Difference between boys and girls of higher secondary school students
in the socioeconomic status is significant.
Different groups of girl’s students in occupational choices and factors
influencing them, along with their interest.
Joshi (1983) studied the difference in the interests of higher secondary school
pupils in relation to their parent's education socio-economic status location and
personality traits. A factorial design was formulated and analysis of variance
was used for drawing conclusions. Different areas of interest rural and urban
students were compared.
Jain (1984) studied the development of interests among boys of the humanities,
commerce and science streams belonging to rural and urban secondary schools.
Tomar (1985) studied the occupational interest of adolescents in relation to sex,
rural- urban residence, socio economic background and prevalent job trends of
employment in eastern U.P.
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Vijayalakshmi (1985) studied the occupational choices of women students and
compared the groups of students offering sciences, arts, professional course and
nonprofessional course.
Dabir (1986) tried to study how aptitudes motivation, socio-economic status
and aspiration were related.
Das (1986) established a regression equation for academic achievement with
reference to intelligence, Socio-economic status, peer influence and educational
aspirations for different sample groups. Mehta teal (1985) studied the effect of
residential status and sex on level of occupational aspiration of adolescents and
the relationship between socio-economic status, father's education, father's
occupation, intelligence and scholastic achievement with level of occupational
aspiration.
However, the findings of these studies are conflicting and hence no conclusions
can be drawn and generalizations made more studies of this kind are required
with larger samples and with greater spread on population to enable generalized
conclusions.
Chaudhary (1971) investigated the relationships among achievement
motivation anxiety intelligence sex, social class and vocational aspiration.
Gaur (1973) studied the factors affecting the occupational aspirations of
secondary school students.
Chadha (1979) studied the relationship among psychological and social factors
of vocational aspirations.
Uche’s (1981) study was aimed at studying the relationship between
(a) Vocational aspirations and intelligence
(b) Intelligence level of the subjects and their father's education
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(c) Intelligence level of the subject and their father's occupations.
Chadha, S.S. A study of some psychological and social factors as related to
vocational aspirations of rural and urban high school children.
Das, S. peer influence and educational aspiration of secondary school students,
A study in relation to their academic achievement, Ph. D. Edu; MSU 1986
Singh (2011) studied educational aspirations in secondary school students and
found that educational aspirations of boys are better than girls. Medium of
instruction also influence the educational aspiration.
George, J. (2014) in a study of educational aspiration of higher secondary
school students found that there exists a significant difference between male and
female students where female students possess greater educational aspiration
than that of male students.
Ahuja (2016) in a study titled, "A Study of Self-Efficacy among Secondary
School Students in relation to Educational Aspiration and Academic
Achievement" noted that girl students, in comparison to boy students, had
statistically significant higher educational aspirations scores.
Kumar and Phogat (2017) studied educational aspirations of secondary school
students in relation to their gender. The finding of the study revealed that boys
and girls differ significantly on overall educational aspiration. Girl students
have higher educational aspirations.
The findings are similar to that reported in Mau and Biko’s (2000) and Goel
(2004).
The findings are consistent with that reported in Shouping (2003) and Caitlin
(2006). Similar conclusions were made in Katherine (2010).
Wongoo (1991) conducted a study to find out whether the students from
government and private schools differ significantly so far as their
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socioeconomic status and academic achievement was concerned and found that
the government and private school students from highly advanced and normal
schools differed significantly so far as their socioeconomic status was
concerned. Discerned significant difference on academic achievement was
found between the students from government and private, highly advanced and
advanced schools; academic achievement of students from normal government
and normal private schools did not differ significantly, relationship between
socioeconomic status and academic achievement when computed on total
sample (N=180) was statistically significant.
Kumar, S. and Gupta, M. (2014) in a comparative study of level of
educational aspiration of secondary school students of government and non-
government schools noted that non-government secondary school students have
high level of educational aspiration in comparison to students of government
schools. Researches in the area of educational aspiration have shown that there
is mixed finding with respect to gender as some studies reported that there is no
significant difference between male and female adolescents international
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Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2018 ISSN: 2320-28822018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 2
April 2018 ISSN: 2320-2882
(Kaur, 2012 and Mishra, 2013) but it was also found out that male adolescents
had comparatively better educational aspirations than female adolescents
(Rajesh & Chandrasekaran, 2014). However other studies reported girls to be
significantly better than boys in case of educational aspiration (Kumar and
Phoghat 2017 and Ahuja 2016). Also, it was reported that the adolescents of
rural locality had significantly better educational aspiration scores than students
of urban locality (Rajesh & Chandrasekaran, 2014) however there was no
significant difference between the students of Government and Public schools
on same measure (Kaur, 2012). The inconsistencies in the findings of the earlier
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researches compel the present researcher to carry this investigation to ascertain
the relationships and differences between the variables in hand. The present
investigation will fill the void of knowledge.
2.3 CONCLUSION OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter researcher organize the review of related literature, relevant to
the educational aspiration and socio-economic status. Many reviews which have
given, shows the relationship between educational aspiration and socio-
economic status. Here seen that educational aspiration as well as socio-
economic status affects each other. On the basis of above studies researcher
conclude that the present study makes to investigate the relationship
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