ASSERSTION AND REASON Q.7.

Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves

as a reducing agent.
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction
Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option acts as a reducing agent.
given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Q.8. Assertion (A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. liberated is twice the volume of oxygen formed.
(c) A is true but R is false. Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2
(d) A is false but R is true. by volume.

Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations Q.9. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
an example of exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is Q.10. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on
evolved. law of conservation of mass.
Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical
reaction occurs. Q.11. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.
chemical reaction is taking place. Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a
chemical change.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium
oxide and water. Q.12. Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction from rusting.
takes place. Reason (R): When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface
does not come in contact with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is does not take place.
heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to Q.13. Assertion (A) : Chemical reaction changes the physical and
the decomposition of lead nitrate. chemical state of a substance.
Reason (R) : When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it
Q.5. Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. decomposes to produce hydrogen and
Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight oxygen gases.
takes place to form silver metal and chlorine gas.
Q.14. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
burns in air. Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of
Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with heat, therefore, it is an endothermic reaction.
oxygen.
Q.15. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc Q.12 : (a) Q.13 : (b)
sulphate and hydrogen gas and it is a displacement reaction. Q.14 : (b) CaCO3 on heating gives CO2 and CaO.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide Q.15 : (b) Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound
breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
Q.16. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually Ilush bags of chips Q.16 : (c) Nitrogen being antioxidant prevents the chips from being
with gas such as nitrogen to prevent the chips from getting oxidised. oxidised.
Reason (R): This increase the taste ot the chips and helps in their Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (c)
digestion. Q.19 : (a) AgBr is a chemical compound. It is widely used in
photography as photographic emulsions.
Q.17. Assertion (A): Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long Q.20 : (a) Q.21 : (b)
duration turns grey due to the formation of silver by decomposition of
silver chloride.
Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases and Salts
Reason (R): In this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with
Q.18. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of constant stirring.
corrosion. Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration
Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left of H+ ions per unit volume.
open in sunlight.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Copper sulphate crystals are wet because it
Q.19. Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film. contains water of crystallisation.
Reason (R): AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in Reason (R) : Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of molecules
presence of sunlight and undergoes of water present in one
decomposition reaction. formula unit of salt.

Q.20. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in Q.3. Assertion (A) : The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do
atmosphere of nitrogen. not show acidic character.
Reason (R) : Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium Reason (R) : Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+
nitride and this reaction is combination reaction. ions.

Q.21. Assertion (A): A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives Q.4. Assertion (A) : HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue
lead oxide, brown coloured nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas. litmus paper.
Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow Reason (R) : HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper
ppt. of lead iodide and the reaction is double displacement as well as to form H+ ions.
precipitation reaction.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Weak acids have low electrical conductivity.
ANSWER KEY Reason (R) : Strong acids and weak acids have equal concentration of
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (d) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (a) hydrogen ions in their solutions.
Q.8 : (c) Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (a)
Q.11 : (a) This is due to the conservation of mass.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic. Q.14. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO .1/2 H 0 is
4 2
Reason (R) : The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the called plaster of Paris.
concentration of hydrogen Reason: Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and
ions in it. ceramics and casts of statues.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous Q.15. Assertion : pH = 7 signifies pure water.
solution of sodium chloride, hydrogen is produced at anode and chlorine Reason: pH of acetic acid is greater than 7.
gas is produced at cathode.
Reason (R) : Ions get attracted to oppositely charged electrodes.
Q.16. Assertion : HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
Reason: On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Baking powder is used in making cake instead of concentration as compared to acetic
using only baking soda. acid.
Reason (R) : Baking powder contains tartaric acid which reacts with
sodium carbonate and removes bitter taste.
Q.17. Assertion : pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.
Reason: Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : The chemical formula of bleaching powder is
CaOCI.
Q.18. Assertion : Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.
Reason (R) : Calcium oxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching
Reason : Phosphoric acid when dissolved in water dissociates partially
powder.
and produces very little H* ions.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris is stored in a moisture proof
Q.19. Assertion : Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced
container.
in the stomach during indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason (R) : Plaster of Paris sets into a hard mass on wetting with
Reason: Antacids are mild bases.
water to form anhydrous calcium sulphate.
Q.20. Assertion : Acetic acid does not act as an acid in benzene
Q.11. Assertion (A): The chemical name of bleaching powder is
solution.
calcium oxychloride.
Reason: Benzene is non-polar.
Reason (R): Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in
chemical industries.
Q.21. Assertion : Bleaching powder reacts with dilute acids to evolve
chlorine.
Q.12. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is
Reason: The chlorine liberated by the action of dilute acids on
highly exothermic reaction.
bleaching powder is called available chlorine.
Reason: Water must always be added slowly to acid with constant
stirring.
Q.22. Assertion : Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as
washing soda.
Q.13. Assertion : Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
Reason: Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are
Reason: Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic
NH , NaCl and CaCO .
medium. 3 3
Q.23. Assertion: Common salt is used for the preparation of many Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (c) Q.6 : (b) Q.7 : (d)
chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (c) Q.10 : (c) Q.11 : (b)
washing soda etc. Q.12 : (c) The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly
Reason : Main source of sodium chloride is sea water. exothermic reaction. Acid must always be added slowly to water with
constant stirring.
Q.24. Assertion : AlCl is a basic salt. Q.13 : (a) Q.14 : (b)
3
Reason: AlCl is a salt of strong acid and a weak base. Q.15 : (c) pH of acetic acid is less than 7.
3
Q.16 : (c) On dissociation, HCl yields more hydrogen ions for the same
concentration as compared to acetic acid.
Q.25. Assertion : Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
Q.17 : (a) Ammonium nitrate is a salt of ammonium hydroxide (weak
Reason: Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity
base) and nitric acid (strong acid).
through it.
Q.18 : (a) Q.19 : (a).
Q.20 : (a) For ionization of an acid, polar solvents (like water) are
Q.26. Assertion : Salt of KNO is formed by strong base and weak
3 required. As ionization does not take place in non-polar solvents (like
acid. benzene) so acetic acid does not acts as an acid.
Reason: Salt of NH Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid. Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (d) Q.23 : (b) Q.24 : (d) Q.25 : (d)
4
Q.26 : (d) Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (c) Q.29 : (b) Q.30 : (a)
Q.27. Assertion : Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason: Ionization of an acid or a base increases with dilution. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non Metals
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts
Q.28. Assertion : Higher the H ion concentration, lower is the pH with nitric acid.
value. Reason (R) : Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
Reason: The pH of a neutral solution=7, that of a basic solution < 7 and
that of an acidic solution > 7. Q.2. Assertion (A) : Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic
reduction.
Q.29. Assertion : CH COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food Reason (R) : In the electrolytic reduction, metal is deposited at the
3
preservatives. cathode.
Reason: Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in
aqueous solution and hence produce a large amount of Hions. Q.3. Assertion (A): Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
Reason (R) : Alloys are heterogeneous mixture of metals with other
Q.30. Assertion : Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower metals and non-metals.
than 5.5.
Reason: Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 pH. Q.4. Assertion (A) : Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.
Reason (R): Zinc oxide reacts with both acids and bases.
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (b) Q.5. Assertion (A) : Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound.
Q.2 : (d) The Assertion is false. Copper sulphate is not wet. It is an Reason (R) : Metals and non-metals react by mutual transfer of
hydrated salt, as it contains water molecules. electrons.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Zinc can easily displace copper on reacting with a
solution of copper sulphate. Q.16. Assertion : Iron is the most widely used metal. But it is never
Reason (R) : Copper is more reactive metal as compared to Zinc. used in its pure state.
Reason: Pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Zinc carbonate is heated strongly in presence of air
to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide. Q.17. Assertion: Gold occurs in native state.
Reason (R) : Calcination is the process in which a carbonate ore is Reason: Gold is a reactive metal.
heated strongly in the absence of air to convert into metal oxide.
Q.18. Assertion : The property of beating a metal into sheets is called
Q.8. Assertion (A): Zinc becomes dull in moist air. ductility.
Reason (R) : Zinc is coated by a thin film of its basic carbonate in Reason: Gold and silver are most malleable metals.
moist air.
Q.19. Assertion : Silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high
Q.9. Assertion (A) : MgCl, is a covalent compound. temperatures.
Reason (R) : MgCl, is a good conductor of electricity in molten state. Reason: Silver and gold are less active metals.

Q.10. Assertion (A) : Anodising is a method to prevent metal from Q.20. Assertion : The oxides of sulphur and phosphorus are acidic in
corrosion. nature.
Reason (R) : Anodising is a process of coating iron with a layer of zinc. Reason: Metal oxides are basic in nature.

Q.11. Assertion: The reaction of calcium with water is less violent in Q.21. Assertion : MgO exists in liquid state.
comparison to that of sodium. 2+ 2-
Reason: The electrostatic forces of attraction between Mg and 0
Reason: The heat evolved not sufficient for the hydrogen to catch fire. ions constitute ionic bond.

Q.12. Assertion : C and N do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H SO . Q.22. Assertion : On reacting with water, calcium starts floating over
2 4
Reason: Metals do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H SO . water.
2 4
Reason: Calcium reacts with cold water at room temperature.
Q.13. Assertion : Copper displaces silver from silver nitrate solution.
Q.23. Assertion : Electrovalency of Na is +1.
Reason: Copper is more reactive than silver.
Reason: The number of electrons which an atom either loses or gains in
the formation of an ionic bond is
Q.14. Assertion : Aluminum oxide and zinc oxide are acidic in nature. known as its valency.
Reason: Amphoteric nature means that substance have both acidic and
basic character
Q.24. Assertion: The arrangement of metals in order of decreasing
reactivities is called reactivity series.
Q.15. Assertion : Different metals have different reactivities with water
Reason: Metals at the top of series are very reactive and metals at the
and dilute acids.
bottom are least reactive.
Reason: Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the reactivity
series.
Q.25. Assertion : Non-metals are electronegative in nature. Q.20 : (b) Sulphur and phosphorous are non-metals. Non-metals form
Reason: They have tendency to lose electrons. either acidic or neutral oxides.
Q.21 : (d) MgO exists in solid state.
Q.26. Assertion : Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling Q.22 : (b) calcium floats over water because the bubbles of hydrogen
points. gas formed get stick to the surface of the water.
Reason: A large amount of energy is required to break the strong inter- Q.23 : (a)
ionic attraction in ionic compounds. Q.24 : (b) Metals at the top of the series are very reactive and therefore,
they do not occur free in nature. The metals at the bottom of the series
Q.27. Assertion : Metals in general have very high melting and boiling are least reactive and therefore, they normally occur free in nature.
points. Q.25 : (c) Non-metals have a tendency to gain electrons.
Reason: Metals have the strongest chemical bonds which are metallic Q.26 : (a) Q.27 : (a)
in nature.
Q.28 : (b) Metals have a strong tendency to lose electrons and hence
they behave AS REDUCING AGENTS.
Q.28. Assertion : Metals generally act as reducing agents.
Q.29 : (b) Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides which are
Reason: The reducing character is expressed in terms of electron
basic in nature.
releasing tendency.
Q.30 : (a)
Q.29. Assertion : Magnesium reacts with oxygen upon heating and
burns brightly to form magnesium oxide. Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds
Reason: Magnesium oxide is basic in nature. Q.1. Assertion(A) : Carbon is the only element that can form large
number of compounds.
Q.30. Assertion : Bromine cannot displace chlorine from its salt Reason (R) : Carbon is tetravalent and shows the property of
solution. catenation.
Reason: Chlorine is more reactive than bromine.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : If the first member of a homologous series is
ANSWER KEY methanal, its third member will be propanal.
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (d) Reason (R) : All the members of a homologous series show similar
Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (d) Q.10 : (c) Q.11 : (a) chemical properties.
Q.12 : (c) Metals react with dilute HCl and dil. H2SO4. Non-metals do
not react with dilute acids. Q.3. Assertion(A) : Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Q.13 : (a) Reason (R) : Some elements can have several different structural forms
Q.14 : (d) Aluminium and zinc oxides are amphoteric in nature. while in the same physical state. These forms are called allotropes.
Q.15 : (a) The metals placed at the top of the series are most reactive.
Q.16 : (a) Q.4. Assertion(A) : Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when
water is hard.
Q.17 : (c) Gold is a noble metal.
Reason (R) : Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
Q.18 : (d) The property of beating a metal into sheets is called
malleability.
Q.19 : (a)
Q.5. Assertion(A) : Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and Reason (R) : In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to atleast
ring structures. one hydrogen atom.
Reason (R) : Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
Q.15. Assertion(A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in carbon is always four.
nature. Reason (R) : All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
Reason (R) : Carbon monoxide is formed by complete combustion of
carbon. Q.16. Assertion(A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R) : It has one free valence electron.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Cooking oil decolourises bromine water.
Reason (R) : Cooking oil is a saturated compound. Q.17. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R) : It is the same group as present in water, hence water and
Q.8. Assertion (A) : In a candle, wax vapours burn in sufficient supply alcohol have similar properties.
of oxygen, which leads to blue flame.
Reason (R) : When the oxygen supply is sufficient, then fuels burn Q.18. Assertion(A): Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous
completely producing a blue flame. series.
Reason (R) : A homologous series can be represented by a general
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Alkanes give addition reaction. formula.
Reason (R) : Addition reactions are a characteristic property of
unsaturated hydrocarbons. Q.19. Assertion(A): Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.
Reason (R) : They are highly inflammable and have high calorific
Q.10. Assertion(A): n-butane and iso-butane are examples of isomers. value.
Reason (R) : Isomerism is possible only with hydrocarbons having 4 or
more carbon atoms. Q.20. Assertion(A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor
of electricity.
Q.11. Assertion(A): Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less Reason (R) : They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer
reactive. charge.
Reason (R) : All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single
covalent bonds. Q.21. Assertion(A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.
Reason: It has no free electrons.
Q.12. Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite do not have the same
crystal structure. Q.22. Assertion(A): Olefins have the general formula C H
n 2n+1
Reason (R) : Diamond is crystalline while graphite is amorphous.
Reason (R) : There is at least one double bond between two carbon
atoms in their molecules.
Q.13. Assertion(A): Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.
Reason (R) : Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
Q.23. Assertion(A): Carbon possesses property of catenation.
Q.14. Assertion(A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Reason (R) : Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during
group. catenation.
 Q.7. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.
Q.24. Assertion(A): Two members of a homologous series have similar Reason (R) : Arteries have to transport blood away from the heart.
chemical properties.
Reason (R) : Propane and butane are members of same homologous Q.8. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.
series. Reason (R) : Vena cava is the only artery that supplies deoxygenated
blood to the heart.
Q.25. Assertion(A): Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.
Reason (R) : Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass. Q.9. Assertion (A): Energy is required to carry out different life
processes.
ANSWER KEY Reason (R) : Energy is obtained in the form of ATP in the
Q.1 : (d) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (b) Q.5 : (a) mitochondria.
Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (d) Q.10 : (b)
Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (c) Q.13 : (a) Q.14 : (b) Q.15 : (c) Q.10. Assertion (A): Rings of cartilage are present in the throat,
Q.16 : (a) Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (d) Q.19 : (a) Q.20 : (a) Reason (R) : These ensure that the air-passage does not collapse
Q.21 : (a) Q.22 : (d) Q.23 : (b) Q.24 : (b) Q.25 : (b)
Q.11. Assertion (A): Pyruvate is a six-carbon molecule
Chapter 6 - Life Processes Reason (R) : It is prepared in the cytoplasm as the first step to cellular
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Plants lack excretory organs. respiration
Reason (R) : Plants usually absorb essential nutrients.
Q.12. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is Reason (R): Body structures made up of these molecules need
alcohol. continuous repair and maintenance
Reason (R) : There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Q.13. Assertion (A): Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements
Q.3. Assertion (A) : In plants there is no need of specialised respiratory of multi-cellular organisms
organs. Reason (R) : Diffusion is a fast process but occurs at the surface of the
Reason (R) : Plants do not have great demands of gaseous exchange. body.

Q.4. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids. Q.14. Assertion (A): The opening and closing of the pore is a function
Reason (R) : Bile juice contains enzymes. of the guard cells.
Reason (R) : Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Carbohydrate digestion mainly takes place in diffusion.
small intestine.
Reason (R) : Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme lactase. Q.15. Assertion (A): The purpose of making urine is to filter out
undigested food from intestine
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Aerobic respiration requires less energy as Reason (R): Kidneys filter the waste and produce urine,
compared to anaerobic respiration.
Reason (R) : Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
Q.16. Assertion (A): The inner lining of the small intestine has Q.25. Assertion : Blood takes up oxygen from the alveolar air and
numerous finger-like projections called villi. release CO2 during exchange.
Reason (R) : The villi increase the surface area for absorption. Reason: ‘The concentration of O, is more in alveolar air.

Q.17. Assertion (A): In human beings, the respiratory pigment is Q.26. Assertion: The large intestine is the largest part of the alimentary
haemoglobin canal.
Reason (R) : It is a type of protein which has high-affinity carbon Reason: Tiger has a shorter small intestine, than herbivores.
dioxide.
Q.27. Assertion : Most of the living organisms carry out aerobic
Q.18. Assertion : The plants store some of the waste products in their respiration.
body parts. Reason: Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.
Reason: Raphides are the solid waste products of plants.
Q.28. Assertion : The Bowman’s capsule and the tubule together make
Q.19. Assertion : The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem a nephron.
is always upwards. Reason : The function of tubule is to allow the selective reabsorption of
Reason: ‘The upward movement of water is due to low pressure created substances like glucose, amino
by transpiration. acids, urea, salts and water into the blood capillaries.

Q.20. Assertion : Photosynthesis takes place in green parts of the Q.29. Assertion : Pancreatic juice digests starch, proteins and fats.
plants. Reason: Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes like pancreatic
Reason: Photosynthesis always takes place in leaves. amylase, trypsin and lipase.

Q.21. Assertion: The average number of heart beat of a person at rest is Q.30. Assertion: The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes
about 80 per minute. muscle cramps.
Reason: One contraction and relaxation of the heart constitutes a Reason: During vigorous physical exercise leg muscles respire
complete heart beat. anaerobically.

Q.22. Assertion : Ureters are the tubes which carry urine from kidneys Q.31. Assertion : Phloem helps in translocation of food from the
to the bladder. leaves.
Reason: Urine is stored in the urethra. Reason: Phloem provides mechanical support to plant.

Q.23. Assertion : Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles. Q.32. Assertion : Trachea does not collapse, when there is no air in it.
Reason: Ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with great Reason : Trachea is supported by cartilage.
pressure
ANSWER KEY
Q.24. Assertion : Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels. Q.1 : (b) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (c) Q.5 : (c)
Reason: Capillaries connect the branches of arteries and veins. Q.6 : (d) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (c) Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (a)
Q.11 : (d) Q.12 : (a) Q.13 : (c) Q.14 : (b) Q.15 : (d)
Q.16 : (a) Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (b) Q.19 : (a) Q.20 : (c)
Q.21 : (d) Q.22 : (c) Q.23 : (a) Q.24 : (b) Q.25 : (b) ANSWER KEY
Q.26 : (d) Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (c) Q.29 : (a) Q.30 : (a) Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (b) Q.5 : (d)
Q.31 : (c) Q.32 : (a) Q.6 : (a) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (c)

Chapter 7 - Control and Coordination Chapter 8 - How Do Organisms Reproduce

Q.1. Assertion(A) : Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of
Q.1. Assertion(A) : Insulin regulates blood sugar level. reproduction.
Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes. Reason (R) : Asexual reproduction involves only mitotic cell division.

Q.2. Assertion(A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways. Q.2. Assertion(A) : Spores are unicellular bodies.
Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine Reason (R) : The parent body simply breaks up into smaller pieces on
system involving hormones. maturation.

Q.3. Assertion(A): The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root Q.3. Assertion(A) : Clones are offspring of an organism formed by
is exactly opposite to that on a stem. asexual reproduction.
Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and Reason (R) : Clones have exact copies of DNA as their parent.
decreases the rate of growth in stem.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.
Q.4. Assertion(A): A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense Reason (R) : Sugar is made of sucrose which provides energy for
organ that perceive a particular type of stimulus. sustaining all life activities.
Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for
detecting stimuli. Q.5. Assertion(A): Pollen grains from the carpel stick to the stigma of
stamen.
Q.5. Assertion(A): Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for Reason (R) : The fertilised egg cells grow inside the ovules and
the brain. become seeds.
Reason (R): Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.
Q.6. Assertion(A) : The offspring produced by sexual reproduction is
Q.6. Assertion(A): A nerve impulse is an electrochemical event. likely to adjust better in environmental fluctuation.
Reason (R) : In a nerve impulse there are changes in the resting Reason (R) : During the fusion of gametes there is mixing of genetic
potential which spreads down the nerve fibre. material from two parents.

Q.7. Assertion(A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous Q.7. Assertion(A) : Growth hormone stimulates the growth of different
system. body parts.
Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates the Reason (R) : Gonadotropins stimulate the production of sex hormones.
voluntary actions.
Q.8. Assertion(A): Testes lie in penis outside the body.
Q.8. Assertion(A) : The spinal nerves are 31 in number. Reason (R) : Sperms require temperature lower than the body
Reason (R) : Spinal nerves only have sensory neurons in them temperature for development.
ANSWER KEY Q.9. Assertion : In humans, height is a trait which shows variation.
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (c) Q.3 : (b) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (d) Reason: Some humans are very tall, some have medium height whereas
Q.6 : (a) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (d) others are short heighted.

Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution Q.10. Assertion : Accumulation of variation in a species increases the
Q.1. Assertion(A): A geneticist crossed two pea plants and got 50% tall chances of its survival in changing environment.
and 50% dwarf in the progeny. Reason : Accumulation of heat resistance in some bacteria ensure their
Reason (R) : One plant was heterozygous tall and the other was dwarf. survival even when temperature in
environment rises too much.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : Variations are seen in offspring produced by sexual
reproduction. Q.11. Assertion : Traits like tallness and dwarfness in pea plant are
Reason (R) : DNA molecule generated by replication is not exactly inherited independently.
identical to original DNA. Reason: When a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with dwarf pea
plant, medium sized pea plant is obtained in F, generation.
Q.3. Assertion(A) : Mutation is sudden change in the genetic material.
Reason (R) : Variation is useful for the survival of species over time. Q.12. Assertion : Pea plant is considered ideal for hybridisation
experiments.
Q.4. Assertion(A): Mendel selected the pea plant for his experiments. Reason: Pea is self pollinating plant with short life cycle and bears
Reason (R) : Pea plant is cross-pollinating and has unisexual flowers. visible contrasting traits.

Q.5. Assertion(A): The sex of a child is determined by the mother. Q.13. Assertion : Monohybrid cross deals with inheritance of one pair
Reason (R) : Humans have two types of sex chromosomes: XX and of contrasting characters.
XY. Reason: Dihybrid cross deals with inheritance of two pairs of
contrasting characters.
Q.6. Assertion(A) : Evolution is an extremely slow process.
Reason (R) : New characters are accumulated in an organism during its Q.14. Assertion : When pea plants (pureline) having round yellow
lifetime. seeds are crossed with pureline plants having wrinkled green seeds, then
all pea plants obtained in F, generation bear wrinkled green seeds.
Reason: Round and yellow seeds are dominant to wrinkled and green
Q.7. Assertion(A) : According to Darwin, all organisms compete with
seeds.
each other for existence.
Reason (R) : During the struggle for existence there is survival of the
fittest. Q.15. Assertion: If blood group of both mother and father is O then the
blood group of children will also be O.
Reason: Blood group in humans is determined by many alleles of a
Q.8. Assertion(A) : Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in A B 0
speciation of an asexually reproducing organism. gene viz. I , I , I .
Reason (R) : Asexually reproducing organisms do not require any other
organism for reproduction.
Q.16. Assertion: In some reptiles, the temperature at which fertilised Q.23. Assertion : In human males all the chromosomes are perfectly
egg is incubated before hatching plays a role in determining sex of paired except X and Y chromosomes.
offspring. Reason: X and Y are sex chromosomes.
Reason: In turtle, high incubation temperature above 33°C leads to
development of female offspring whereas in lizards high incubation Q.24. Assertion: A child which has inherited X chromosome from
temperature results in male offspring. father will develop into a girl child.
Reason: Girl child inherits X chromosome from father and Y
Q.17. Assertion : In humans, male (or father) is responsible for sex of chromosome from mother.
the baby which is born.
Reason: Y chromosomes are present in only male gametes or sperms. Q.25. Assertion : Genes present in every cell of an organism control
the traits of the organisms.
Q.18. Assertion: If mother is homozygous for black hair and father has Reason: Gene is specific segment of DNA occupying specific position
red hair then their child can inherit black hair. on a chromosome.
Reason: Gene for black hair is recessive to gene for red hair in humans.
Q.26. Assertion : In grasshoppers, females are heterogametic and males
Q.19. Assertion : Selfing of a plant for several generations helps plant are homogametic.
breeders to obtain pure breeding varieties. Reason: In grasshoppers, male has only one sex chromosome (XO)
Reason: Pure breeding plants are heterozygous for many traits. whereas the female has sex chromosomes
(XX).
Q.20. Assertion : A tall plant which always produces tall offsprings is
considered heterozygous for height and is represented by genotype (Tt). Q.27. Assertion : Round green seeds in pea can be represented by
Reason: A tall plant which always produces tall offspring is RRyy of Rryy.
homozygous dominant and will always produce Reason: Round yellow seeds and green wrinkled seeds are parental
only one type of gamete (T). combinations whereas round green and
wrinkled yellow are recombinants.
Q.21. Assertion : A geneticist crossed two plants and got 50% tall and
50% dwarf progenies. Q.28. Assertion: If mother has two dominant alleles for black hair and
Reason: This cross follows Mendelian law as one of the parent plant father has two recessive alleles for blonde hair then their child will
might be heterozygous. inherit one dominant allele from mother and one recessive allele from
father and will have black hair.
Q.22. Assertion : A heterozygous tall plant when crossed with Reason: Progeny inherits one genes for each trait from its parents but
homozygous dwarf plant will produce tall and the trait shown by progeny depends on inherited alleles.
dwarf plants in the ratio of 3:1.
Reason : A heterozygous tall plant will produce two types of gametes, ANSWER KEY
i.e., one with T and other with t whereas homozygous dwarf plant Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (b) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (d)
produce all gametes with t only. Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (b)
Q.11 : (c) Traits like tallness and dwarfness in pea plant are inherited
independently and when a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a
dwarf pea plant, only tall pea plants are obtained in F1 generation.
Q.12 : (a) Mendel chose pea plants for studying inheritance because of
number of reasons. Pea plants are self pollinating which enables them to Q.6. Assertion(A): The mirrors used in search lights are concave
produce next generation of plants easily, also purelines could be easily spherical.
obtained. Due to short life cycle, many generations of pea plants can be Reason (R) : In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always
produced in a comparatively short span of time. Also pea plants shows a virtual.
number of clear cut visible contrasting traits like tall and dwarf height,
round and winkled seeds, etc. Q.7. Assertion(A) : Light travels faster in glass than in air.
Q.13 : (b) Q.14 : (d) Q.15 : (b) Q.16 : (b) Q.17 : (a) Reason (R) : Glass is denser than air.
Q.18 : (c) Q.19 : (c) Q.20 : (d) Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (d)
Q.23 : (a) Q.24 : (c) Q.25 : (b) Q.26 : (d) Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (a) Q.8. Assertion(A) : For observing traffic at back, the driver mirror is
convex mirror.
Chapter 10 - Light-Reflection and Refraction Reason (R) : A convex mirror has much larger field of view than a
Q.1. Assertion(A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It plane mirror.
lies outside its reflecting surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of Q.9. Assertion(A) : Mirror formula can be applied to a plane mirror.
a sphere. This sphere has a centre. Reason (R) : A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal
length.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a
concave mirror after reflection, is reflected back along the same path. Q.10. Assertion(A) : It is not possible to see a virtual image by eye.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to Reason (R): The rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not
the reflecting surface. in fact emanates from the image.

Q.3. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all Q.11. Assertion(A) : When the object moves with a velocity 2 m/s, its
the media. image in the plane mirror moves with a velocity of 4 m/s.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one Reason (R) : The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the
transparent medium to another. mirror as the object is in front of it.

Q.4. Assertion(A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the Q.12. Assertion(A) : The height of an object is always considered
incident ray. positive.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in this
parallel faces (air- glass interface and glass-air interface) of the upward direction.
rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.
Q.13. Assertion(A) : Concave mirrors are used as make-up mirrors.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a Reason (R) : When the face is held within the focus of a concave
denser medium slows down and bends away from the normal. When it mirror, then a diminished image of the face is seen in the concave
travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it speeds up and bends mirror.
towards the normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a Q.14. Assertion(A) : Refractive index has no units.
denser medium. Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.
Q.15. Assertion(A) : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical Q.4. Assertion(A) : A rainbow is sometimes seen in the sky in rainy
mirror is valid in all situations for all spherical mirrors for all positions season only when observer’s back is towards the Sun.
of the object. Reason (R) : Internal reflection in the water droplets cause dispersion
Reason (R) : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces. and the final rays are in backward direction.

Q.16. Assertion(A): A person cannot see his image in a concave mirror, Q.5. Assertion (A) : Myopia is the defect of the eye in which only
unless, he is standing beyond the center of curvature of the mirror. nearer objects are seen by the eye.
Reason (R) : In a concave mirror, image formed is real provided the Reason (R) : The eye ball is elongated.
object is situated beyond its focus.
Q.6. Assertion(A): Hypermetropia is the defect of the eye in which
Q.17. Assertion(A): Virtual images are always erect. only farther objects are seen.
Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only. Reason (R) : Hypermetropia is corrected by using converging lens.

ANSWER KEY Q.7. Assertion(A) : Danger signals are made of red colour.
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (d) Reason (R) : Velocity of red light in air is maximum, so signals are
Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (d) visible even in dark.
Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (a) Q.13 : (c) Q.14 : (a) Q.15 : (c)
Q.16 : (b) Q.17 : (c) Q.8. Assertion(A): The sky looks dark and black instead of blue in
outer space.
Reason (R) : No atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter
Chapter 11 - The Human Eye and Colourful World
sunlight.
Q.1. Assertion(A) : White light is dispersed into its seven-colour
components by a prism. Q.9. Assertion (A): The stars twinkle, while the planets do not.
Reason (R) : Different colours of light bend through different angles Reason (R) : The stars are much bigger in size than the planets.
with respect to the incident ray as they pass through a prism.
Q.10. Assertion(A): The Sun appears flattened at sunrise and sunset.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : The phenomenon of scattering of light by the Reason (R) : The apparent flattering of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and
colloidal particles gives rise to Tyndall effect. sunset is due to atmospheric refraction.

Reason (R): The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the Q.11. Assertion (A) : Blue colour of sky appears due to scattering of
scattering particles. blue colour.
Reason (R) : Blue light has longer wavelength.
Q.3. Assertion(A): A normal human eye can clearly see all the objects
beyond certain minimum distance. ANSWER KEY
Reason (R) : The human eye has capacity of adjusting the focal length Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (b)
of eye lens. Q.7 : (c) Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (a) Q.11 : (c)
Chapter 12 - Electricity
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of Q.8. Assertion (A) : The resistivity of a substance does not depend on
incandescent lamps. the nature of the substance
Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low. and temperature.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : If a graph is plotted between the potential Reason (R) : The resistivity of a substance is a characteristic property
difference and the current flowing, of the material.
the graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R) : The current is directly proportional to the potential Q.9. Assertion(A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of
difference. incandescent lamps.
Reason (R): The melting point of tungsten is very low.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Longer wires have greater resistance and the
smaller wires have lesser resistance. Q.10. Assertion (A) : The fuse is placed in series with the device.
Reason (R) : Resistance is inversely proportional to the length of the Reason (R) : Fuse consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an
wire. alloy of appropriate melting
point.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating
devices, like electrical iron, Q.11. Assertion (A) : The coil of a heater is cut into two equal halves
toasters etc. and only one of them is used into heater. The heater will now require
Reason (R) : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures. half the time to produce the same amount of heat.
Reason (R) : The heat produced is directly proportional to square of
Q.5. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected end-to-end current.
consecutively, they are said to
be in series. Q.12. Assertion (A) : The wires supplying current to an electric heater
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be increased, then the are not heated appreciably.
individual resistances are Reason (R) : Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.
connected in series.
Q.13. Assertion (A) : A current carrying wire should be charged.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected between the Reason (R) : The current in a wire is due to flow of free electrons in a
same two points, they are said definite direction.
to be connected in parallel.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be decreased, then the Q.14. Assertion (A) : Electron has a negative charge.
individual resistances are Reason (R) : Electrons move always from a region of higher potential
connected in parallel. to a region of lower potential.

Q.7. Assertion (A) : A cell is a device which converts chemical energy Q.15. Assertion (A) : Heater wire must have high resistance and high
into electrical energy. melting point.
Reason (R) : Cell maintains a constant potential difference between its Reason (R) : If resistance is high, the electric conductivity will be less.
terminals for a long
time.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series.
One bulb is removed now and circuit is completed again. If the Q.25. Assertion (A) : The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness
remaining 49 bulbs are again connected in series across the same than 100 W bulbs.
supply, then light gets decreased in the room. Reason (R) : A 100 watt bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.
Reason (R) : Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.
Q.26. Assertion (A) : If 10 bulbs are connected in series and one bulb
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Fuse wire must have high resistance and low fused, then the remaining 9 bulbs will not work.
melting point. Reason (R) : Bulb of higher wattage will give less bright light.
Reason (R) : Fuse is used for small current flow only.
Q.27. Assertion (A) : Good conductors of heat are also good
Q.18. Assertion (A) : The connecting wires are made of copper. conductors of electricity and vice versa.
Reason (R) : The electrical conductivity of copper is high. Reason (R) : Mainly electrons are responsible for conduction.

Q.19. Assertion (A) : Current is the rate of flow of charge. ANSWER KEY
Reason (R) : Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies Q.1 : (c) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (b) Q.6 : (b)
when connected, if they are at same Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (d) Q.9 : (c) Q.10 : (b) Q.11 : (b) Q.12 : (a)
potential. Q.13 : (d) Q.14 : (c) Q.15 : (b) Q.16 : (d) Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (a)
Q.19 : (b) Q.20 : (a) Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (c) Q.23 : (b) Q.24 : (d)
Q.20. Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing Q.25 : (b) Q.26 : (b) Q.27 : (a)
happens to the bird.
Reason (R) : The circuit is incomplete for the bird sitting on high Chapter 13 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
power line. Q.1. Assertion(A): On changing the direction of flow of current
through a straight conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around
Q.21. Assertion (A) : When a wire is stretched to three times of its the conductor is reversed.
length, its resistance becomes 9 times. Reason (R) : The direction of magnetic field around a conductor can be
Reason (R) : Resistance is directly proportional to length of wire. given in accordance with left hand thumb rule.

Q.22. Assertion (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power at Q.2. Assertion(A): The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on
high voltage. the axis of a current carrying solenoid is inversely proportional to the
Reason (R) : High voltage implies high current. current flowing through the solenoid.
Reason (R) : The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis
[Link] (A) : Bending a wire does not affect electrical of a current carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of
resistance. turns per unit length of a solenoid.
Reason (R) : Resistance of a wire is proportional to resistivity of
material. Q.3. Assertion(A): A compass needle is placed near a current carrying
wire. The deflection of the compass needle decreases when the
Q.24. Assertion (A) : A voltmeter and ammeter can be used together to magnitude of an electric current in the wire is increased.
measure resistance but not power. Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor
Reason (R) : Power is proportional to voltage and current. increases on increasing the current.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying Q.11. Assertion(A) : A current carrying wire deflects a magnetic needle
wire. The deflection of the compass needle decreases when the compass placed near it.
needle is displaced away from the wire. Reason (R) : A magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field decreases as one moves away
from a current carrying conductor. Q.12. Assertion(A) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by
increasing the number of turns per unit length in solenoid coil.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the Reason (R) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by
centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the increasing the current flowing through the solenoid.
current flowing through the coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the ANSWER KEY
current flowing in the coil. Q.1 : (c) Q.2 : (d) Q.3 : (d) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (c) Q.6 : (d)
Q.7 : (a) Q.8 : (a) Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (b) Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (b)
Q.6. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the
centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the
Chapter 15 - Our Environment
radius of the circular coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the Q.1. Assertion (A) : In an ecosystem, the function of producers is to
radius of the circular coil. convert organic compounds into inorganic compounds.
Reason (R) : Green plants, the producers, transduce solar energy.
Q.7. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the
centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the Q.2. Assertion (A) : Ecology is study of relationship between living
number of turns of the circular coil. organisms and their environment.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the Reason (R) : The biotic community and non-living environment of an
number of turns of the circular coil. area function together to form an ecosystem.

Q.8. Assertion(A) : On freely suspending a current-carrying solenoid, it Q.3. Assertion (A) : Animals adopt different strategies to survive in
comes to rest in N-S direction just like a bar magnet. hostile environment.
Reason (R) : One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a Reason (R) : Praying mantis is green in colour which merges with plant
North pole and the other end as a South pole. foliage.

Q.9. Assertion(A) : Alternating Current is used in household supply. Q.4. Assertion (A) : Abiotic component of an ecosystem involves
Reason (R) : AC electric power can be transmitted over long distances cycling of material and flow of energy.
without much loss of energy. Reason (R) : This is essential to keep biotic factors alive.

Q.10. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of Q.5. Assertion (A) : The crown fires are most destructive as they burn
a circular coil of a wire depends on the radius of the coil the tree top.
Reason (R) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a
Reason (R) : Due to crown fire, the temperature of that areamay rise
circular coil of a wire depends on the number of turns of the wire in the
upto 700°C.
coil.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Trophic levels are formed by only plants. ANSWER KEY
Reason (R) : Food chains and webs are formed due to linked organisms Q.1. (a) Q.2. (a)
on the basis of their nutrition. Q.3. (a) Animals blend with the surroundings or background to remain
unnoticed for protection and aggression.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : A network of food chains existing together in an Q.4. (a) Q.5. (a) Q.6. (d)
ecosystem is known as food web. Q.7. (c) In the food web, different food chains are interconnected. Each
Reason (R) : An animal like kite cannot be a part of a food web. chain consists of different trophic levels i.e., producers, consumers and
detrivores. So, kite can also be a part of food web.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Supersonic jets cause pollution as they thin out Q.8. (a)
ozone. Q.9. (c) Tropical rain forests have disappeared mainly due to man’s
Reason (R) : Depletion of ozone cause green house effect. activities. Due to over population in countries like India, rain forests are
cut to make place available for man to live and build houses. To build
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Tropical rain forests are disappearing fast from buildings and factories man has incessantly cut down trees. This has
developing countries such as India. caused the depletion of rain forests.
Reason (R) : No value is attached to these forests because these are
poor in biodiversity.