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“Summary”

Electric Charges &

Field One Shot revision

Rajwant Singh (RJ)

 Method of Producing Charges

Two Types of Charges Charges

Friction Induction Contact
Charge is Quantized + –
+ Q2
B + – Q1
Q = ± ne + – q
A + –
Charge is Scalar n = no e– trans Polarised R R
QA = +ne We use earthing
QB = –ne – – After contact
Unit :- C; dim :- [AT] – –
Electrostats Mass of A ↓ – – +q
Charge at Mass of B ↑ – –
Like charge repel +
+
Unlike charge attract Rest + + (Q1 + Q 2 )/2 on
+ + –q each
+ +
Coloumb’s Law
+ +
r q2
Important Points

q1 (4) F = +ve Rep

= –ve Attractive
(5) Conservative Force
K cond = ∞
(6) Act along line
K water = 80
joining centre
 Force between Point Charge and Rod
Point Charges
++++++++
+ + q
+ d
F q1 q2 F Q
L
Force between Ring &
Point Charge
Null Point Analysis
R
x
x +
q
q nq Q
❖ If q is electron x is small
d n>1

Coloumb’s
Force + q0
x ❖ Same Concept
+ +q for
q d d F = x for F
to be max
 Charges in field
E
+ qE qE –
q –q

Electric Field
3D Space around a
charge in which it m+q
E
can exert force

EF Line Pattern

E m (–q)
Stopping Distance & Stopping
time E
E x = kE/F

v0 + t = P/F E +qE
q mg
 +Q
POINT CHARGES E +λ
+ R
Q r x

ANGULAR ARC
– R
–Q r
E

RING
E11 E⊥
r

Electric Field θ1 θ2
Rod λ
Intensity Calculation ++++++++++++
++++++ E

THREAD
Q d

L
––––––– E
–Q d

L
Area Vector A Gauss Law:- Total flux through a closed
surface is 1/ε0 times charge enclosed in it

⊥ to
surface
projecting Electric Flux
outward No of field lines passing
⊥ to surface
It can be regular or irregular shape
It is an imaginary surface.
φmax = ± EA φmin = 0 Flux is independent of shape, size
θ = 0, π θ = π/2 of Gaussian surface.
Projection Rule Incoming = –ve Flux is independent of location of
Outgoing = +ve E || to sheet charge in Gaussian surface.
φ = ± E0 (Area of
projection)
E0 + +
q q

E0
 +q + q + ++ + r<R
+ a/2 + + +
q + + ++ +
a a ++ ++ r=R
a +
q
a
Q, ρ r>R
+q
+ E
q+ ∝r
q
+ EF due to non conducting sphere
q
+ Application
of Gauss law
Calculation of Flux
EF due to conducting shell
EF due to wire or conducting sphere
+ + +
++
+ + r >R
+ R +
++ +
++ E +
++ + + + r=R
++ E
++ r<R E=0
λ r r
 + + r<R
+ +
+ +
+ + r=R
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + r>R
+σ R
∝r

–σ EF due to non conducting

Application
Cylinder
of Gauss law When two sheets are placed closer
EF due to thin sheet

EF due to thick sheet ⇒

+ +
+ E=0 +
+ +
+ +
+ + Q1 Q2
+ +
+σ +σ