Scribd
Upload
7 views3 pages

Statistical Analysis of Scores and MPG

The document presents a comparative statistical analysis of reading/writing scores and city mileage by transmission type. It finds no significant difference in reading and writing scores among students, while it concludes that manual transmission cars have higher average city MPG compared to automatic cars, supported by strong statistical evidence. The analysis includes hypothesis testing, checking assumptions, and calculating confidence intervals for both parts.

Uploaded by

seraphmuinde
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views3 pages

Statistical Analysis of Scores and MPG

The document presents a comparative statistical analysis of reading/writing scores and city mileage by transmission type. It finds no significant difference in reading and writing scores among students, while it concludes that manual transmission cars have higher average city MPG compared to automatic cars, supported by strong statistical evidence. The analysis includes hypothesis testing, checking assumptions, and calculating confidence intervals for both parts.

Uploaded by

seraphmuinde
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Comparative Statistical Analysis of

Reading/Writing Scores and City


Mileage by Transmission Type
Part 1: Reading and Writing Scores Analysis

(a) Hypotheses
To determine whether students perform differently in reading and writing, we define the
hypotheses as:

Null Hypothesis (H₀): There is no difference in the mean reading and writing scores.
H₀: μ_read = μ_write

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): There is a difference in the mean reading and writing scores.
H₁: μ_read ≠ μ_write

This sets up a two-tailed paired t-test since each student has both a reading and a writing
score.

(b) Checking Assumptions


Three conditions for a paired t-test are:
1. Random Sampling: The dataset is a random sample of 200 students (OpenIntro, 2024).
2. Independence: Each student's performance is independent of others.
3. Approximately Normal Differences: The histogram of differences (reading - writing) is
roughly symmetric and unimodal, and with a large sample size (n = 200), the t-test is
robust.

Hence, conditions for the t-test are satisfied.

(c) Hypothesis Test


Given:
- Mean difference x̄ = -0.545
- Standard deviation of the differences s = 8.887
- Sample size n = 200

t = -0.545 / (8.887 / sqrt(200)) ≈ -0.545 / 0.6285 ≈ -0.87

With a p-value of 0.39, we fail to reject the null hypothesis at the 0.05 significance level.
Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in average reading and writing
scores.

(d) Possible Error


If there is an actual difference and we failed to detect it, we may have committed a Type II
error—failing to reject a false null hypothesis.

(e) Confidence Interval


Given that the p-value is greater than 0.05, a 95% confidence interval for the mean
difference would include 0, consistent with the conclusion of no significant difference.

Part 2: Transmission Type and City Mileage


We now examine whether the average city miles per gallon (MPG) differs between cars with
manual and automatic transmissions.

(1) Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis (H₀): μ_automatic = μ_manual
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): μ_automatic ≠ μ_manual

This is a two-sample t-test.

(2) Summary Statistics


From the EPA dataset:
- Automatic: x̄₁ = 16.12, s₁ = 3.58, n₁ = 26
- Manual: x̄₂ = 19.85, s₂ = 4.51, n₂ = 26

(3) Test Statistic


t = (16.12 - 19.85) / sqrt((3.58²/26) + (4.51²/26)) ≈ -3.73 / 1.129 ≈ -3.30

With degrees of freedom ≈ 48 (Welch's approximation).

(4) Conclusion
Given a p-value of 0.0029, we reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: There is strong statistical evidence that manual transmission cars have higher
average city MPG compared to automatic transmission cars (OpenIntro, 2024).

References
OpenIntro. (2024). OpenIntro Statistics (4th ed.). OpenIntro.
[Link]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2024). Fuel Economy Data.
[Link]

You might also like