Introduction
Combination of two conductors placed closed toeach
other is called Capacitor. One of the conductors is given a
positive charge and other a negative charge. The
conductor with the positive charge is called positive plate
and other is called negative plate. The charge on the
positive plate is called the charge on capacitor and
potential difference between the plates is called the
potential of capacitor.
For a given capacitor, the charge (Q) on the capacitor is
directly proportional to the potential difference (v)
between the plates .
Thus,
Q∝V
Q=CV
The proportionality constant C is called the
capacitance of capacitor.
SI-Unit of capacitance is coulomb per volt
which is written as Farad (F).
Principle of
capacitor
Let us take a plate X. Give some charge to
plate X, till its potential becomes maximum.
Now consider another plate Y, held near plate
X. Due to the phenomenon of induction, a
negative charge is induced on the inner side of
plate Y and an equal positive charge is induced
on the outer side of plate Y. As the negative
charge on the plate Y is nearer to plate X,
hence it is more effective. The negative charge
on plate Y will reduce the positive charge on
plate X. Hence the potential of plate X
decreases. In other words, the capacity of
plate X increases. Now connect the plate Y to
earth, all the positive charges on plate Y will
go to earth. Now the negative charge on plate
Y will further reduce the positive charge on
plate X. Hence the potential of plate X further
decreases. In other words, the capacity of
plate X increases.
Thus, when we bring an uncharged earth-
connected rod near a charged rod, the
capacity of charged rod increases.
Aim:- To show the charging and discharging
of capacitor.
Material Required:- 9V Battery,
capacitors, LEDs, Switch, Resistors, Battery
connector, wires.
Theory:-
If we connect a battery across two plate of
capacitor, the work done by battery in
charging the capacitor. As the capacitor
charges potential difference increases
between the plates of capacitor. More and
more work is to be done by battery in
delivering the same amount to capacitor
due to continuously increasing potential
difference across its plates.
The work done in charging the capacitor is
stored in the capacitor in the form of
electric energy.
The energy stored in charged capacitor
reside inside in the form of electric field.
Energy stored in a capacitor =⅟2 Cv ^2
Circuit Diagram
ABEF= Circuit-1
BCDE= Circuit-2
Explanation of Model:
As you see in model initially switch 2 is closed
and capacitor is uncharged.
If we on switch 1, then circuit 1 is working and
charge is stored in capacitor, and led which is
connected starts glowing and slowly it starts
dimming and led stops glowing after few
seconds and capacitor is fully charged.
Now switch 1 is off and switch 2 is on and the
LED in circuit 2 starts glowing instantaneously,
the capacitors generates Potential Difference
across LED and it glows.
If we turn on both the switches whole circuit
will work and LEDs glows constantly.
WE have connected the two capacitors in
parallel each of 1000 µF. Since both the
capacitors are of 1000 µF and connected in
parallel, so that their equivalent capacitance
will be 2000 µF.
Observation:-
Here we observe that the capacitor connected
in series get charged and discharged its stored
charged to LED.
Conclusion:-
We can conclude that the capacitor has the
ability to charges given to it which is also
called capacitance.