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Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns Explained

The document discusses the usage of demonstrative pronouns in Arabic, highlighting their meanings and contexts. It explains how certain words can be translated differently based on their connotations and the surrounding context. Additionally, it provides examples of negations and exceptions in Arabic, emphasizing the importance of understanding these nuances for accurate translation.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views10 pages

Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns Explained

The document discusses the usage of demonstrative pronouns in Arabic, highlighting their meanings and contexts. It explains how certain words can be translated differently based on their connotations and the surrounding context. Additionally, it provides examples of negations and exceptions in Arabic, emphasizing the importance of understanding these nuances for accurate translation.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

List 1-7 – Discussion

َ َ
This ‫هَٰذا‬

َُۡ َ ۡ ُ ‫َ ُ ْ َ َ ا‬
‫قالوا هَٰذا ٱَّلِي رزِقنا مِن قبل‬
They will say, “This is what we were provided with before,”

َٗ َ َ َ ُ‫َ َٓ ََ َ ا‬
‫ماذا أراد ٱّلل ب ِهَٰذا مثل ا‬
“What did Allah intend by this example?”

‫ث‬ ۡ َ‫فَ َه َٰ َذا يَ ۡو ُم ۡٱۡل‬


‫ع‬
ِ
This is the Day of Resurrection

َ َ
That ‫ذَٰل ِك‬
Though the word ‫( ذلك‬and similar demonstrative pronouns for that matter)
means ‘that’ and is, therefore, used to refer to far objects, it can sometimes
be used with closer objects that are high in value, place or position. This is
because of the connotation of such Arabic words. It should not come as a
surprise that sometimes the word ‫ ذلك‬will be translated into ‘this’ rather
than ‘that’ because English demonstrative pronouns do not have the same
connotations as their Arabic counterparts. The following example
highlights this phenomenon:

َ ۡ َ َ ُ َ ۡ َ َ
ِ‫ذَٰل ِك ٱلكِتَٰب َّل ريب فِيه‬
َۛ
This (that) is the Book in which there is no doubt

13
Here are some other examples with a consistent translation:
ُّ ُ َ ‫َ َ َ ُ َ َٰ َ ۡ ۡ ۡ ُ ۡ ا‬
‫وما لهم ب ِذل ِك مِن عِلمٍۖ إِن هم إَِّل يظنون‬
Of that they have no knowledge; they are only assuming.

ٌ ‫فَ َذَٰل َِك يَ ۡو َمئذ يَ ۡو ٌم َعس‬


‫ِي‬ ِٖ
That Day will be a difficult day.

َ
This ِ ‫هَٰ ِذه‬

َ‫ج َرة‬ ‫ا‬


َ ‫ٱلش‬ َ َۡ َ
ِ ‫َوَّل تق َر َبا هَٰ ِذه‬
but do not approach this tree

َ َ َ َ ۡ ُّ َٰ َ ْ ُ َ ۡ َ َ ‫ِا‬
ِۚ ‫ل َِّلِين أحسنوا ِِف ه ِذه ِ ٱدلنيا حسنة‬
For those who do good in this world, is goodness.

ۡ َ ‫َ َ ا‬ َ َ َ
َٰ
‫قال ه ِذه ِۦ ناقة لها ِِشب‬
“This is a she-camel; she has her turn of drinking,

َ ۡ
That ‫ت ِلك‬

ۡ‫ك أُ امة قَ ۡد َخلَت‬


َ ۡ
‫ت ِل‬
That was a nation that has passed on;

َ َٰ َ َ َ َٰ َ ۡ ٓ َ َٰ َ ۡ َ َ ٓ َ ُ ‫َ ۡ َ ُ ا‬
‫لَع ق ۡو ِمهِِۚۦ‬ ‫وت ِلك حجتنا ءاتينها إِبرهِيم‬
That was Our argument which We gave to Abraham against his people.

14
َُٓ َ
These ‫هؤَّلء‬

ٗ َ ِ ٓ َ ُ َ َٰ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ
‫جئنا بِك لَع هؤَّلء ش ِهيدا‬ِ ‫و‬
and We bring you as a witness against these?

ۡ َ َ ُ‫َُِ ُْٓ َ َ ُ َ ٓ َ ا ا‬
‫َِلقولوا أهؤَّلءِ من ٱّلل علي ِهم‬
“Are these the ones whom Allah has favored from among us?”

َ َُْ
Those ‫أولئِك‬

َ ُ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ ۡ ِ ‫ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َٰ ُ ٗ ِ ا‬
‫أولئِك لَع هدى مِن رب ِ ِهم وأولئِك هم ٱلمفل ِحون‬
Those are upon [right] guidance from their Lord, and it is those who are the successful.

‫وب َعلَ ۡيه ۡم َو َأنَا ٱ ا‬


ُ ‫تل او‬
ُ‫اب ٱ الرحِيم‬ ُ ُ‫ك َأت‬
َ ََُْ
ِ ِ ‫فأولئ‬
Those—I will accept their repentance. I am the Acceptor of Repentance, the Merciful.

‫ا‬
He who ‫ٱَّلِي‬
It is important to know that Arabic, unlike English, does not have gender-
neutral nouns3. This means that every single word in Arabic is either
‫ا‬
masculine or feminine. That is why, the word ‫ ٱَّلِي‬, though it means
‫ا‬
‘he who’, it is not exclusively used with men. Similarly, the word ‫ ٱل ِت‬means
‘she who’, but it does not mean that you only use it to refer to women. This
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
means that ‫ ٱَّلِي‬and ‫( ٱل ِت‬and many other demonstrative pronouns) are used to
refer to masculine and feminine nouns regardless of being animate or
inanimate objects.

3 A gender-neutral noun refers to a word that is neither male nor female, like table, machine, pen…etc.
15
ۡ ‫َم َثلُ ُه ۡم َك َم َثل اٱَّلِي‬
ٗ‫ٱس َت ۡوقَ َد نَارا‬
ِ
Their likeness is that of a person who kindled a fire;

َ‫لَع قَ ۡرية‬
َٰ ََ ‫َ ا‬ ‫َۡ َ ا‬
ٖ ‫أو كٱَّلِي مر‬
Or like him who passed by a town

ْ َُ َ َ ‫َ ُ ْ ا ٓ ُ َ ََ ا‬
‫نزل لَع ٱَّلِين ءامنوا‬
ِ ‫ءامِنوا ب ِٱَّلِي أ‬
Believe in that which was revealed to the believers

‫ا‬
She who ‫ٱل ِت‬

َ َٰ َ ۡ ۡ ‫َ اُ ْ ا َ ا ٓ ُ ا‬
١٣١ ‫وٱتقوا ٱنلار ٱل ِت أعِدت ل ِلك ِف ِرين‬
And guard yourselves against the Fire that is prepared for the disbelievers.

َ ُ َ َ ُ َ ۡ َ ُ َۡ ََ ِ ‫َ َ ۡ َ ُ ا‬ ‫َۡۡ ا‬
‫صفون‬ِ ‫ٱدفع ب ِٱل ِت ِِه أحسن ٱلسيِئة ِۚ َنن أعلم بِما ي‬
Repel evil by what is better. We are aware of what they describe.

َ‫ت َغ ۡزلَها‬ َ ََ ‫ََ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ا‬


ۡ ‫ض‬ ‫وَّل تكونوا كٱل ِت نق‬
And do not be like her who untwisted her spun thread,

Those who(m) َ‫اٱَّلِين‬

َ ‫ِين َأ ۡن َع ۡم‬
ۡ‫ت َعلَ ۡيهم‬ َ ‫ص َر َٰ َط اٱَّل‬
ِ
ِ
ْ ُ‫ََ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ا َ ََا‬
The path of those whom You have blessed,

‫وَّل تكونوا كٱَّلِين تفرقوا‬


ُ‫خ ُروا ْ م ِۡنهم‬ ‫َ َ َ ا‬
And do not be like those who became divided
َ َ
ِ ‫فحاق ب ِٱَّلِين س‬
but those who mocked them were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.
16
َ ۡ
Those ‫ت ِلك‬

ۡ‫ك أَ َمان ُِّي ُهم‬


َ ۡ
‫ت ِل‬
‫ۡ َ ُ ُ ُ ا‬
Those are their wishes.

ِِۚ‫ت ِلك حدود ٱّلل‬


Those are the bounds set by Allah.

17
List TWO
Negations/ Exceptions
This legend will be used in this list to give more information about the gender of
some modifiers.

Male Female

18
English Arabic
َ
Yes ‫ن َع ۡم‬
َ
Yes, indeed ‫بَل‬
‫َا‬
Certainly not ‫لَك‬
‫ا‬
Except ‫إَِّل‬
‫ا‬ ۡ
Nothing but ‫ إَِّل‬.. ‫إِن‬
‫ا‬
Nothing but ‫ إَِّل‬.. ‫َما‬
So as not to/ that ‫َا‬
‫أَّل‬
not
َ
Do(es) not ‫َّل‬
Not (continuous) ‫َما‬
Will not ۡ‫لَن‬
َ
Did not ‫ل ۡم‬
َ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ
(There is) no ‫ليست‬ ‫لي س‬
ۡ‫َغي‬
Other than/ not
ُ
Apart from ‫مِن دون‬

19
List 2-7 – Discussion
Notice that some Arabic words/ expressions can deliver a certain
meaning with different degrees of intensity depending on the context of
an aya. That is why you will see that some words will not be translated
in the same way all the time, since context plays a role when being
translated in English. However, as a beginner, learning a single
meaning/ variation is more than enough to understand the message
conveyed in a certain aya.
َ
Yes ‫ن َع ۡم‬

ۡ‫ك ۡم َح ِٗقا قَالُوا ْ َن َعم‬


ُ ُّ َ َ َ َ ‫َ َ ۡ َ َ ُّ ا‬
‫فهل وجدتم ما وعد رب‬

َ‫ك ۡم لَم َن ٱل ۡ ُم َق اربني‬


ُ ‫َ َ ََۡ ا‬
Did you find what your Lord promised you to be true?” They will say, “Yes.”

ِ ِ ‫قال نعم ِإَون‬


He said, “Yes, and you will be among my favorites.”

ََ
Yes, indeed ‫بل‬

ُ‫ت بهِۦ َخطيٓ َـ ُته‬ َ َ‫ب َس ِي َئ ٗة َوأ‬


ۡ ‫ح َٰ َط‬ َ َ َ َ ََ
َٰ ‫ب‬
‫ل ٰۚ من كس‬
ِ ِ ِ
Yes Indeed, whoever commits misdeeds, and becomes besieged by his iniquities—

ۡ ُ َ ُ َ ‫َ َ َٰ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ َ ُ ا‬
‫سن‬
ِ ‫بل ٰۚ من أسلم وجههۥ ِّللِ وهو ُم‬
Indeed, whoever submits his face in Islam to Allah while being a doer of good

‫َا‬
Certainly not ‫لَك‬

ُ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ ‫َا‬
‫لَك ِۚ سنكتب ما يقول‬
No indeed! We will write what he says,

20
‫َا‬
َ‫لَكٓ ِۚ إ ان َها ََك ِ َم ٌة ُه َو قَآئلُها‬
ِ ِ
Certainly not! It is just a word he is saying.

‫ا‬
Except ‫إَِّل‬

ُ‫َح ٱلۡ َق ُّيوم‬


ُّ َ ۡ‫ّلل ََّلٓ إ َل َٰ َه إ اَّل ُه َو ٱل‬
ُ‫ٱ ا‬
ِۚ ِ ِ
ۡ ‫َۡ َ ُ َُٓ ا‬ ‫َ َ ا‬
Allah - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence.

ِ‫من ذا ٱَّلِي يشفع عِندهۥ إَِّل بِإِذنِه‬


Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission?

‫ا‬ ۡ
Nothing but ‫ إَِّل‬.. ‫إِن‬

ً ۡ َ َ ٗ َٰ َ ۡ ٓ ‫ُ ا َ ٓ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ َ ا ۡ َ َ ۡ َ ٓ ا‬
‫ثم جاءوك َيلِفون بِٱّللِ إِن أردنا إَِّل إِحسنا وتوفِيقا‬
‫ۡ َ َٓ ا‬
"We intended nothing but good conduct and accommodation."
ُّ ۡ
‫إِن هَٰذا إَِّل ِسحر مبِني‬
“This is nothing but plain magic.”

‫ا‬
Nothing but ‫ إَِّل‬.. ‫َما‬

َ ۡ ََ ٓ َ ‫َ ُ ۡ ُ َُ ۡ ا‬
‫ما قلت لهم إَِّل ما أمرت ِِن بِهِۦ‬
ُ ُ ۡ ِ َ َ ‫َ ۡ ِ َ َ َٰ َ ٓ ا‬ ْ ُ َ َ َ ‫ََ َ َۡ َُْ ا‬
I said not to them except what You commanded me
ۡ‫كم‬ ‫فقال ٱلملؤا ٱَّلِين كفروا مِن قومهِۦ ما هذا إَِّل بش مِثل‬
But the notables of his people, who disbelieved, said, “This is nothing but a human
like you,

21

Common questions

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Contextual variations in translation impact the understanding of religious texts by potentially altering the perceived emphases or priorities within the text. Since Arabic uses specific constructs to convey emphasis, negation, or inclusivity, translating these accurately into English ensures that the original meaning, importance, and cultural nuances are retained, crucial for maintaining theological accuracy .

In the phrase 'ذلك الكتاب لا ريب فيه', the word 'ذلك' symbolizes emphasis and reverence towards the book being referred to, usually the Quran, despite being physically close. This use elevates the status of the mentioned object, and although typically translated as 'that', it implies nearness in spirit or importance rather than distance .

The use of pronouns with gender implications in Arabic, such as 'الذي' and 'التي', affects scriptural interpretations by necessitating a gender distinction where there may be none in the original context. This aspect requires interpretive consideration when translating or understanding texts, as it influences how subjects and objects are perceived, potentially altering narratives .

The absence of gender-neutral nouns in Arabic means that learners must always attribute gender to nouns, whether animate or inanimate, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the language's grammar and structure. This differs from English, which does not require gender attribution to nouns, affecting the way language is learned and comprehended .

Arabic phrases use specific terms for negation or exception like 'إِنَّ' or 'لََّا', which carry nuances of partial or total negation. These phrases require context to be fully understood, as they might convey different levels of certainty or exclusions, contrasting with English, where negation is typically straightforward but lacks the same depth of nuanced expression .

Understanding the usage of Arabic demonstrative pronouns like 'ذلك' or 'تلك' provides deeper insight into Quranic text by highlighting what is emphasized or revered. It also helps interpret the intended nuances, drawing attention to key messages or figures within the religious context in ways that are often minimized or lost in direct translations to languages like English that do not share these linguistic subtleties .

The pronoun 'تلك' can be used for entities of high importance to emphasize reverence or significance, transcending physical distance. This usage highlights the cultural and linguistic importance placed on the subject, which might not correlate to physical proximity but rather its status or impact in context .

The connotations in Arabic demonstrative pronouns such as 'ذلك' can imply a sense of importance or nearness even for distant objects, causing it to sometimes be translated as 'this' rather than 'that' to match the contextual meaning. English does not have these specific connotations, which necessitates adaptations during translation to preserve the intended emphasis or value in the original Arabic sentence .

The translation of Arabic expressions can vary significantly based on context due to differences in intensity and meaning. This poses challenges, as a single Arabic word might have multiple acceptable English equivalents depending on situational nuances. Translators must therefore carefully consider context to maintain the original intent and message, potentially complicating the translation process .

The role of context in determining the intensity of Arabic expressions is crucial, as many words change meaning based on situational use. This requires translators to have a deep understanding of both languages; they must interpret nuances correctly to reflect the intent and intensity of the original, which might not have direct English counterparts, leading to varied translation tactics .

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