SCIENCE REVIEWER
GO FUTURE PSYCH STUDENT!
BRAIN PARTS AND FUNCTIONS AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF DISORDER
Major parts of brain and their functions Function: Connects the left and right hemispheres, allowing
communication
1. Cerebrum
Location: Largest part, top of the brain
Function: Thinking, memory, voluntary movement, sensory 🧾 Summary Table
perception
Divided into 4 lobes: Brain Part Function
o Frontal lobe – reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, motor Frontal Lobe Decision-making, movement, speech
control Parietal Lobe Touch, spatial awareness
o Parietal lobe – touch, spatial processing
Temporal Lobe Hearing, language, memory
o Temporal lobe – hearing, memory, language
Occipital Lobe Vision
o Occipital lobe – vision
Cerebellum Balance, coordination
2. Cerebellum Brainstem Vital functions (breathing, heartbeat)
Hippocampus Long-term memory
Location: Back of the brain, under the cerebrum Amygdala Emotion regulation
Function: Coordination, posture, balance Hypothalamus Homeostasis, hormone control
Corpus Callosum Communication between hemispheres
3. Brainstem
Includes: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
Function: Controls automatic functions (breathing, heart rate,
digestion)
4. Limbic System (deep inside the brain)
Includes:
o Hippocampus – memory formation
o Amygdala – emotions (especially fear)
o Hypothalamus – controls hormones, body temperature, hunger
5. Corpus Callosum
o Bipolar Disorder – Alternating periods of depression and
mania
o Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) – Depression during
certain seasons (often winter)
3. Psychotic Disorders
Description: Disconnection from reality.
Examples:
o Schizophrenia – Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized
thinking
o Schizoaffective Disorder – Symptoms of schizophrenia +
mood disorder features
1.
Anxiety Disorders
Description: Intense, excessive fear or worry. 4. Personality Disorders
Examples:
o Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – Persistent worrying Description: Long-term patterns of thinking and behavior that differ
o Panic Disorder – Sudden panic attacks from cultural expectations.
o Phobias – Intense fear of specific things (e.g., heights, spiders) Examples:
o Social Anxiety Disorder – Fear of social situations o Borderline Personality Disorder – Instability in mood and
relationships
o Antisocial Personality Disorder – Lack of empathy, disregard
for others
2. Mood Disorders o Narcissistic Personality Disorder – Inflated sense of self-
importance
Description: Disturbances in emotional state.
Examples:
o Major Depressive Disorder – Ongoing sadness, loss of
interest 5. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Description: Unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors
(compulsions).
Examples: 8. Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Often diagnosed in childhood)
o Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Repeating actions
to reduce anxiety Examples:
o Hoarding Disorder – Inability to discard items o Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
o Body Dysmorphic Disorder – Obsession with perceived body o Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
flaws o Intellectual Disabilities
6. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 9. Dissociative Disorders
Description: Caused by traumatic or stressful experiences. Description: Disconnection between thoughts, identity, and
Examples: consciousness.
o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Flashbacks, Examples:
nightmares after trauma o Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) – Two or more distinct
o Acute Stress Disorder – Similar to PTSD, but shorter duration identities
o Adjustment Disorders – Difficulty adjusting to life changes o Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder – Feeling
detached from body or reality
7. Eating Disorders
10. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Description: Extreme emotions and behaviors related to food and
body image. Description: Physical symptoms without clear medical cause, linked
Examples: to psychological factors.
o Anorexia Nervosa – Extreme food restriction, fear of weight Examples:
gain o Somatic Symptom Disorder – Excessive focus on physical
o Bulimia Nervosa – Binge eating followed by purging symptoms
o Binge-Eating Disorder – Episodes of uncontrolled eating o Illness Anxiety Disorder (formerly hypochondria) – Fear of
without purging having a serious illness