SECTION5:TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONS

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5A300:OUTLINESPECIFICATIONS-CIVILSTRUCTURES&STEELSTRUCTURE

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OUTLINESPECIFICATIONSCIVILSTRUCTURES

5.14.1. Earthworkinexcavationandfilling-General
[Link]. Scope
Thisspecification covers thegeneral requirements for Excavation and Filling Works
to be carried out at thesite.
[Link]. General Requirements
Contractor shall be deemed to have visited the site prior to submitting his Bid and
madeall necessaryinspectionandinvestigationsandtohave decidedfor himselfthe
meansofaccessand workingspace,thenatureofthegroundandsubsoil,ifany,level of
water table, extent of rock demolitions, alterations, support of neighboring
properties,etc.
[Link]. RelatedWork
The Contractor shall provide all labour, equipment, materials and any incidentals
necessaryto completeallaspectsofworkincludedinthedrawingsandspecifications.
a) Clearing,grubbing,andremovingallvegetationfromthesite.
b) Earthwork in excavation including disposal of the excavated material and necessary
dressing to make surface ready to receivebinding.
c) Stackingofexcavatedearthwithinthesitetomakeuseofitforbackfilling.
d) Fillingandbackfillingandcompactionoffills.
e) Removalanddisposalofsurplusmaterial.
f) Stonesolingtoroadsandpavingandnecessaryshoringtoprotectslidingofearth.
g) DewateringworkstillthenumberofslabsasinstructedbytheStructuralEngineerare
constructed.
h) AnytemporaryCast-In-SituConcreteworks

[Link]. CodesandStandards:
Thefollowingstandardsshallbefollowed:
[Link] Code Description
1 IS:3764-1996 ExcavationWorkCodeofSafety
2 IS:1498-1970 Classificationandidentification ofsoilsfor
generalengineeringpurposes
3 IS:1200-2002Part1 MethodsofMeasurementofBuildingandCivil
Engineering Works – Earthwork
4 SP27 Handbook of method of measurement of building
works
5 BritishStandard1377 MethodsoftestforSoilsforCivilEngineering
Purposes
6 BritishStandard5930 CodeofPracticeforSiteInvestigations
7 LocalBuildingRegulationsandStatutoryRegulations

[Link]. Definitions
a) Clear: The removal of trees, scrub and artificial obstructions including fences,
concrete slabs,kerb and channel,remains ofold buildings andthelike.
b) Grub:Theremovaloftreestumpsandroots.
c) Topsoil: Topsoil is all surface soils which have sufficient humus to support plant
growth without resort to artificial fertilization.
d) Cut : A general term for ‘in place’ material removed by digging from the ground.
The term ‘excavation’ or derivatives thereof may be used interchangeably.
e) Fill: A general term for material spread and compacted over the ground to make up
[Link]‘Embankment’or derivativesthereof may
be used interchangeably.

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 f) Sub-Grade:Thefinished,trimmedandpreparedsurfaceoftheearthworksafter thereof
may be used interchangeably.
g) Sub-Base: A selected filling layer spread and compacted over the sub-grade to make
up levelsto the underside of thebase course or floorslab.
h) Basecourse:Aselectedfillinglayerspreadandcompactedtolevelsimmediately below
road wearing course.
i) Spoil:Excesscutmaterialremainingattheendoffillingoperations.
j) Bulk Earthworks: Earthwork excavation using earthmoving equipment or fillingand
compacting, building platforms, road formations, parking areas, reservoir,
embankments, drainage canals or any other formation where the unimpeded use of
large earthmoving equipment is possible. This is distinct from backfill of trenches,
foundations orother earthworks immediately adjacent to completed or partially
completedstructures.
[Link]. Site Preparation
A) SiteInspectionPreamble
AnySitedetailsorsiteinformationincludedintheContractdocumentsor Drawingsare
providedfortheContractor’s guidance only. The information provided may not be a
complete or accurate description of conditions existing below the surface of the
ground. The correctness of the information is not guaranteed, and the Contractor
shall be responsible to make its own interpretation of sub-surface conditions.
B) SiteQualityControl
The Contractor shall provide in his quality assurance programme information to
showthata systemwillbeusedtoensurethatallworkscarriedoutunderthissection
(includinganydone bysub-contractor)willcomplywithalltherequirementsofthis
section.
C) Antiquities
Anyancientcarvings,relics,coinsorothercuriositiesdiscoveredduringtheexcavationorother
work shall remain the property of the CLIENT and shall be handed over to the
CLIENTas requiredundertheGeneralConditionsofContract.
D) SettingOutand ClearingofTheSite-RatestoInclude.
The Contractor shall check that the levels and lines in the field are in accordance
with those shown on the survey drawings or site development drawings. The
Contractor shall report to the Engineer in Charge in writing all discrepancies with
respect to the survey drawings or site development drawings prior to the
[Link] bytheEngineerinCharge
shallnotinanywayrelievetheContractorofhisresponsibilities TheContractorshall
setoutthecentrelineofthebuildingorotherinvolvedworksafterclearingthesiteand get the
same approved from Engineer in Charge. It shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor to install substantial reference benchmarks and maintain them as long as
required by the Engineer in Charge.
The Contractor shall assume full responsibility for proper setting out, alignment,
elevationand dimension ofeachand allpartsoftheworkby using TotalStation.
The boundary of the Site surveyed by the Contractor, shall be jointly agreed and
signed by the contractor and client.
E) BenchmarksAndSettingOut
The Contractor shall engage a qualified surveyor or authorized third party to
establish permanent benchmarks in suitable locations around the site. These
benchmarksshallenablethe Contractor to set out thelocation of all buildings, paths,
roads,utilitylines,storm waterdrains and allotherportionsoftheContractwork.
If an error in setting out causes some portion of the work to be constructed in the wrong
location, or to the wrong dimensions, the Contractor shall make good the incorrect
work at his own expensetothesatisfactionof theEngineerin Charge the Contractor
shall be liable forany consequentiallossexperiencedbytheOwner.
Allpermanentbenchmarksandsettingoutmarkersshallbeconstructedaspermanent
pillarsso as to ensure no disturbance or shiftinghappens.
F) ExcavationClassification

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 Excavation Classification Based on Type of Soil and Site Location. Excavations
at the project site shall be broadly classified into two types based on type of soil
as follows:
a) ExcavationinHardRock
b) ExcavationinSoftSoil/Allkindsofsoil
Excavationsattheprojectsiteshallbebroadlyclassifiedintothefollowingtypes based
on its location at site:
a) Excavatefoundationfromexistinggroundleveltotheformationlevelsshownin drawing.
b) Excavationtopitworkinglevel.
c) Earthworksoutsidepropertyline.
d) Excavation,compactionandbackfilltoplinthandservicetrenches.
G) ClassificationofSoil/Rocks:
a) All kinds of Soils: (Poclainable strata) Material such as sand, gravel, loam, clay,
mud, blackcotton, murrum,shingle, river ornullah bedboulders, disintegrated rock,
soling of roads, paths, hardcore, macadam surface of any description (water bound,
routed tarmac etc.) lime concrete mud concrete or any combination of these. This
class of material will yield to the application of picks, shovels, or any other manual
digging implements.
b) Ordinary Rock (Poclainable strata): Material such as limestone, sandstone, laterite,
hardconglomerate. This is any material that will not yield to manual implements but is
capable ofbeingexcavatedbyconventionalearthmovingplantapplicabletothe siteandthe
[Link] crawler tractor with
ripper to facilitate excavation shall be considered as part of conventional plant.
c) Hard Rock (Unpoclainable strata): (Blasting prohibited): Hard rock inUnpoclainable
strata the excavation has to be carried out by Chiselling, mechanical means, and all
also breaking by use of approved Chemical such as Accusin or approved non
explosive blasting chemicals and trimming to required level for foundation,
trenches,rafts,plinths, levelling area etc. Wedging or any other method agreed to by
the Engineer inCharge. Contractor may resort to Controlled blasting only after
getting written permission from competent authorities. For any damage caused by
such blasting shall only be borne by the Contractor.
H) ClassificationofSoils:
Classificationofexcavatedsoil/materialwillbeinaccordancewiththeSection
302.1ofMoRTHorIS:1200(PartI)[Link] of soil
comprising any of the following:
 VegetableorOrganicsoil,turf,sand,silt,loam,clay,mud,peat,blackcottonsoil,soft shale
or loosemurrum.
 Anymixtureofsoilsinabove,Mudconcretebelowgroundlevel.
 Generally,anymaterialwhichyieldstotheordinaryapplicationofexcavationequipment.
 Stiffheavyclay,hardshale,orcompactedmurrumrequiringcloseapplicationof
excavation equipment.
 Softrock
 Gravelandcobblestoneusuallyrounded,havingmaximumdimensioninone direction of
300mm.
I) ExcavationinHard Rock
Rockwhichisinsolidbeds,whichcanonlyberemovedeitherbycontrolledblastingor
bywedgingorchiselingor byusing chemical compound,approvedmake and application
asper Manufacturer's Specification, shall be treated as hard rock. A boulder or
detachedrock, measuring one cubic meter or more, shall also be treated as hard rock,
if the same cannotbe removed,withoutblasting,wedgingorchiseling.
Wherehardismetwith,andblastingoperationsareconsiderednecessary,theContractorsha
[Link]

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 shall obtain licensefrom district / public authorities, for carrying out blasting work,
as well as for obtaining and storing explosives, as per 'explosive rules 1940' or as
amended.
Blasting operations shall be carried out, under supervision of a responsible licensed
operator of the contractor during certain specified hours, preferably during lunch
break, as approvedin writing by the Engineer in Charge. The operator shall be
conversant with the rules of blasting. The operator should have the valid blasting
license.
[Link]
displayed around the area to be blasted, and all people on work, except those, who
lightthefuses,shallbewithdrawn,toasafedistanceofnotlessthan300meters,from the
blast. Blasting shall not be done, within 100 meters of an existing masonry, or any
other kind of structure, unless special precautionsaretakenbyheavyblanketing etc.
onthe special approval of Engineer in Charge.
Where blasting is not practicable or prohibited, excavation shall be done,
bywedgingor chiselingorbyusingchemicalcompoundapprovedmakeandapplication as
per specification,anditshallberestrictedtothequantityrequiredtoenable thenecessary
foundationetctobeputin. Incase,thedimensionoftrenchesexceeds
thoseshownindrawings, the excess quantity shall not be paidfor.
J) ExcavationinSoft/OrdinaryRock
In ordinary rock, excavation shall be carried out by crowbars, pick axes
orpneumaticdrills. Blasting operations shall generally not be adopted for excavation
works in this type of rock.
Where blasting operations are not prohibited, and it is practicable to resort toblasting
for excavation in ordinary rock, the Contractor may do so with the permission of the
Engineer in Charge at no extra cost.
K) ExcavationAndPreparationforConcreting:
Excavationshallincluderemovalofallmaterialsofwhatevernatureatalldepthsand
whether wet or dry necessary for the construction foundation and substructure
(includingmass excavation for underground reservoir where applicable) exactly in
accordance withlines,levels grades and curves shown in the drawing or as directed
by the Engineer in Charge. The bottom of excavation shall be levelled both
longitudinally and transversely or sloped as directed by the Engineer in Charge.
Softeningofthebottom ofexcavation willnotbeallowed. Ifsofteningoccursdueto
weather or any other source, the Contractor shall remove the affected areaand
replace as specified and directed by the Engineer.
Excavation shall be to the exact length, width and depth shown or figures in the
drawing, or as directed by the Engineer in Charge. If excavated to greater length,
width or depth than shown Or required the extra work occasioned thereby, shall be
done at contractor’s expenses. Extra depth shall be brought up by Plum concrete
1:5:10, and extralength and width filled in by rammed earth or murrum or if the
Engineer in Charge thinks it necessary for stability of the
workby1:4:[Link] bekept,free ofwater,whilemasonryor
concreteworksareinprogress.Thelowermost150mmlayerthickness of soil / strata shall
be removed with caution so as not todamage thefounding strata
TheContractorshallreporttotheEngineerinCharge whentheexcavationsareready to
receive concrete. No concrete shall be placed in foundations until the Contractor has
obtained Engineer in Chargeapproval incase,
Excavatedpitshouldhaveadequateclearancefromtheface ofconcreteatallfacesto have
adequate working space.
M) StackingOfExcavatedMaterials:
AllmaterialsexcavatedwillremainthepropertyoftheEngineerinCharge
Sotheusefulmaterials andstackingthem on siteasdirectedbut withasafedistance
fromtheedgeofexcavationtoavoid collapse/shieldingofexcavatedarea. Materials
suitable and useful for back filling, plinth filling or levelling of the plot or other use

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 shallbestackedinconvenientplacebutnotinsuchawayastoobstructfreemovement of men,
animals and vehicles or encroach on the area required for constructional purposes.
N) Disposal/Carting ofSurplusEarth-RatestoInclude:
Top layer of hard soil free from vegetation, spoils, rocks, boulders for a quantityof
approximately 15% of the total excavated earth quantity shall be stocked at locations as
directed by the Engineer in Charge for re-use up to a distance of 300m from the
peripheryofthe buildings. The remaining excavated earth, except for the hard rock
excavated, shall be disposed - off including lifting out, transportation to locations
approved by local bodies,Government agencies or as directed by the Engineer in
Charge, as the case may be. The Contractor is responsible for finding suitable
dumpingyardapprovedbythelocal authoritiesatanydistanceandfortheremoval of all
sub grade obstructions, whether indicated or not,
The Contractor shall indemnify the CLIENT against dumping in unauthorized areas
and areas not allowed by the authorities.
O) Dewatering:
The bailing or pumping out water which may accumulate in the excavation during
theprogressofworkeitherfromseepage,rainwateroranyothercauseorfordiverting
surfaceflow,ifany isto be [Link]
doneinsuchapprovedmannersuchaswellpointsystemastoprecludethepossibility
ofanydamagetothe foundationtrench,concreteormasonryoranyadjacentstructure
insideoroutsidethewallfront. When water is met in foundation trenches or in tank
excavation, pumping out water shallbe from auxiliary pit of adequate size dug
[Link] the
working foundation trenches / levels. The auxiliary pit shall be refilled with
approved excavated materials after the dewatering isover.
The Contractor shall adopt an appropriate method of dewatering work and shall
submit its proposal for carrying out the dewatering work for the approval of the
Engineerin [Link] water shall bepumped continuously to keep the water level at
a minimum of 60cm below the lowest point of excavation level. The operation shall
be continued until the entire excavation has been completedso as to ensure the
excavation is always dry.
 Adequatenumberofpumpsshallbedeployedtoensureacontinuousdewatering process.
 Power/Fuelrequiredfortheoperationofpumpsetcshallbeprovidedandpaidforby the
Contractor.
 Alogneedstobemaintainedifrequired.
 Necessary grading, trenching and temporary sumps shall be made around
excavationsas required to prevent water runoff into excavation and to ensure proper
protection to slopes from erosion.
 Theexcavationshallbekeptfreefromwater:Duringinspectionandmeasurement.
 Fromstarttocompletionofconcretingtilltheycomeaboveexistingground.
 Dewatering mayhavetobecontinuedtillasuitablenumberoflevelsasinstructedby the
StructuralEngineerareconstructedtobalancethepossibleupliftwaterpressure.
 [Link] underground
reservoir is tested for water tightness.
 Contractorshallensurethebailingoutofwatercontinuously usingnumberofpumps after
make shift arrangement.
P) ShoringAndStrutting
The Contractor shall uphold the faces of excavation work to retain the earth, if
required, at locations where considered necessary. Shoring and strutting shall be
erected depending on nature of soil and the work. The arrangement of shoring and
strutting including sizes and spacing of member used shall be approved by the
EngineerinCharge. Allsuchnecessarywork, including but not limited to making /
preserving/maintainingadequateslopes,necessaryprecautions,etcforensuring

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 safety of workmen below natural ground level shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor. The Contractor shall be responsible to protect the bottom of excavation
fromweather.
Q) Protection
Theexcavatedareashallbesurroundedbystrongbarricadedsafetybarriersmade of Steel
barricade posts 75mm 100mm (3 4 inches) diameter and cross planks/ runnersshallbe
erectedtoaheightof1.2mallaroundtheexcavation withreflective
tapesandnecessarylighting at night all as shown on drawings. The barricade is such
that no person can enter the area even by crawling below the same. The Contractor
shall take all necessary measures for the safety of the excavation, persons working,
tools and plants working in and near the excavation pits, propertyandpeopleinthe
vicinity. Protection and maintenance of all benchmarks axis points and other similar
reference pointsif disturbed and/ or damaged, to be replaced by the Contractor at no
[Link]
utilitiesorobstaclesforexcavation. Location ofexisting utilitylines; ifshown on the
drawings, is only approximate and only for interpretation. The Contractor shall be
responsible of the protection of all buried utilities (known or unknown prior to
excavation) during the duration of the Contract without causing any damage,
dislocation,injuryand/[Link],thesameshallbe
replaced/ restored to their original status at theContractor
All the temporary roads, constructions etc shall be made and maintained accordingto
the provisions of this Contract and as per the instructions of the Engineer in Charge
upon the completion of this Contract, the Contractor shall remove after getting the
approval from the Engineer in Charge all such temporary roads, structures, etc.
andrestoretheareainitsoriginal conditionwithoutanyextracost.
R) EarthworkFills
a) MethodologyforDepositingFills
1) Generalfilling
 SelectedfillingmaterialasperBOQfromaselectedquarryaftertheapprovalof Engineer in
Charge shall be used.
 Suitabilityoffillingmaterialfromtheexcavatedsoilforfillingorbackfillingshallbe as
decided by the Engineer in Charge.
 Depositinhorizontallayersnotexceeding300mmthickbeforecompaction.
 Wherematerialisdry,weteachlayertoitsoptimummoisturecontentforcompaction
purposes.
 Wherematerialiswet,delaycompactionandplacementofadditionalfilluntil optimum
moisture content is attained.
2) Structuralfilling:
 Depositinhorizontallayersnotexceeding200mmthickbeforecompaction.
 Eachlayershallbeuniformlymoistandattheoptimummoisturecontentfor compaction
purposes.
3) Crushedstone:
 Depositinhorizontallayersnotexceeding200mmthick.
 Deposit material so that it is free from lenses, pockets, streaks and other
imperfections. Consolidate using hand tamping,vibratory tampers orother approved
methods.
4) StructuralFill:
a. Testsshallbeexecutedbyanindependenttestingagency.
b. InexecutingtestscomplywiththefollowingISStandards:
(i) Sampling
(ii) Samplepreparation
(iii) Sieveanalysis
(iv) Liquidlimits
(v) Plasticlimitandplasticityindex
(vi)Moisture content

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 (vii) Moisturedensityrelationship
(viii) Sandequivalent
(ix)Specific gravity
(x) Sandcoredensity
(xi) Rubberballoondensity
c. Classification
 Carryoutmoisturedensitytestsonrepresentativesamplespriortoplacing. Carryout
gradation of materials prior to placing as the work proceeds.
 Carryoutsitedensitytestsofmaterialsastheworkproceedsandasfollows:
5) Frequencyof tests
i. Frequency of test for StructuralFills shall conform to MORTH specification and IS code
a.
ii GeneralFill:
iii Freqency of tests shall conform to MORTH specification and IS code.
a.
iv FillingMaterialforFoundationandBackFilling.
 ContractorshallconsiderthefollowingfillingmaterialsasrequiredintheBillof quantities.
 Excavatedmaterialfromwithinthesitemeetingthefillmaterialstandards Approved Earth
Brought from outside
 Approvedqualityriversandbroughtfromoutside Approvedqualitymurrumbrought from
out side
 Approvedqualitymanufacturedsand/ROBOSand/Rocksandbroughtfromoutside.
Theprocedureforfillingshallbeapplicableforalltheabovefillingmaterialsas detailed in
this specification. All the filling material shall comply with the
[Link]
material so decided to use it to this site as per the BOQ shall be got approved bythe
Engineer [Link] be intimated by the Contractor to the
client and after approval of the source the frequency of visittosuchsourcesshall be as
decided by the Engineer incharge.
v MaterialSpecificationsforFillandWater
a) GeneralandStructuralFill:
 Toconformtogradationofwellgradedsoil.
 Tobefreefromplasticfinesandweaklyelementallumpsofsand.
 To be homogeneous and at the optimum moisture content for compaction purposes
when placed.
b) Crushedstone:
Toconsistofeither:
 Durablecrushedrockcomprisingangularfragmentsobtainedbybreakingandcrushing
solid or shattered natural rock, or
 Durable crushed gravel stone obtained by artificial crushing of gravel, boulders, or
fieldstone.
 Rubble soling 20 cm in height consisting of random granite stone/ available laterite
stoneincludingfillinginvoidswithdurablecrushedrockcomprisingangular

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 fragmentsandconsolidatingwithmechanicalramming.
c) Water
Water used for compacting fill or for washing crushed stone shall be clean and free
from oil, grease, organic matter, suspended sediments and other deleterious
substances.
d) Adjacentexcavations:
Where an excavation encroaches belowa line drawn at an angle of 60 Deg. from the
horizontal from the nearest formation level of another higher excavation, the lower
excavation, all work within it and backfilling thereto shall be completed before the
higher excavation is done.
e) Excavatedformations:
 Inmadeupground,excavatefoundationsdowntoanaturalbearingformationof
undisturbed subsoil, unless otherwise instructed.
 Obtain instructions if anaturalbearing formation of undisturbed subsoil: Is obtained
at a lesser depth than shown on the Drawings
 Isnotobtainedatthedepthshownonthedrawings.
 If afterinspectionformationbecomesunsuitableforanyreason,excavatefurtherand
Backfill with approved material all atthe Contractor’s expenses.
f) TreatmentofFormations
 Treatmentofformationsgenerallyincludes:
 [Link].
g) Excessexcavation:
 Backfillanyexcavationstakendeeperthanrequiredwithshallbefilledwithmass
concrete.
 Wheresuchexcessexcavationiscarriedoutwithoutapproval,necessaryextrabackfilling
shall be at the contractor's expense.
h) ProofRollingunderFillEmbankments
After removal of topsoil, the existing natural ground that will be under fill
embankments shall be scarified to adepth of not less than 150mm and compacted so
that the criteria called for on thespecification are met.
i) CompactionRequirement
The required compaction of fills which are deemed to be part of bulk earthworks
shallbe achieved by a minimum number of passes of compaction plant. The degree
of compaction shall be as per MORTH specifications or IS codes.
Care must be taken during compaction to ensure that no gaps are formed between
adjacent layers.
Fillmaterialshallbecompactedtoattainthedensitiesascalledforinthe

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specifications.
As filling proceeds, test to verify the compaction being achieved shall be conducted.
Thefollowingreferencesshallbeusedtoconfirmcompliance:
SamplingBS5930(orasupdated),IS2720
FieldDryDensity:BS1377: 1975Clause4.4Test15 (or asupdated)
“Determinationofthedrydensityofsoil onthesite– Sandreplacementtest”
Standard Maximum BS1377: 1975 Clause 4.1Test12 (or as updated)
Dry Density : Determinationofdrydensity/moisturecontentrelationship”
using 2kg rammer.
Moisture Content: BS1377:1975Clause2.1Test1(orasupdated)Determination of
the moisture content Standard
 Removeallsuitableandexcessmaterialfromareastobefilled.
 Surfaceofgroundwithagradientexceeding1in5,whichistoreceivefilling
musthavehorizontalbenchescuttomatchthedepthsofcompactedlayersof
filling.
 Do not place fill until the formation has been inspected by the Engineer in
Charge. Give the Engineer in Charge at least 24 hours ‘notice’ of when
formations will be ready for inspection.
Compact filling after grading and levelling surfaces. Compact filling in layers,
adding any necessary extra fill and water, to attain the minimum dry densities as
tabulated in the table appended at the end of this Section.
Backfilling and compaction shall be undertaken under full-time presence of the
Contractor’s, Supervisor, and each layer shall be got checked by the Engineer in
Charge. Further layers are not to be placed without the approval of the Engineer in
Charge.
Compactfillingusingvibratoryplate,rollerorotherapproved(mechanical)
equipment,makingtherequirednumberofpasseswiththeequipmenttoobtain specified
densities. Each tripof equipmentshalloverlaptheprevioustripby500mm.
Ifselectedearthkeptasideisnotsufficientforthebackfilling,theContractor,withits
owncost,shallbringingoodqualityearth,[Link],either
approvedatthesiteand/[Link] developing and
reinstating the same after use as perthedirections ofthe Engineer in
Chargeand/orlocallawsprevailingforsuchborrow pits,loading,transportingandre-
handlingofearth/[Link] Contractor.
The Contractor atits own cost rectify and / or restore the damage (s) occurreddue to
improper backfill and compaction done by it.
If any settlement occurs due to improper backfill and compaction and/ or cracks
developing in the sub-structure/ super structure works due to the same, the
Contractor shall make goodits damages/ defects atno extra costtotheDeveloper.
The contractor at its own cost protect by bracing the basement walls till the proper
back filling and compaction are completed with the satisfaction of the Engineer in
Charge and complying with the conditions of the Contract and Technical
Specifications. The Contractor shallalso undertake and execute the patching of the

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 basementwallafterremovalofsuchbracingatnoextracost.
Allthebackfillingandcompactionworksshallbeofacceptablestandardtobothofthe Engineer in
Charge and the Structural Engineer.
The Contractorshall include in its rates the costof removal of debris/ [Link]
the bottom of the basement wallprior to back filling.
Tableforcompactionrequirements:
FillMaterials Min. Passes Min. Energy* Min. Compaction
GeneralFill 3 4550Kg 95%
StructuralFill:
Confinedspaces 4 1150Kg 95%
Openspaces 3 4450Kg 95%
Crushedstone:
Confinedspaces 4 1150Kg -
Openspaces 3 4450Kg -
Catch 3 4450Kg 95%
Notes:
 Forcesappliedforcompactionshallbedynamicorimpactloads.
 Specified percentages of compaction shall be related to the maximum dry density at
the optimum moisturecontent as establishedbyandverifiedonsiteby.

ConcreteGeneralScope
This section gives the technical requirements for all structural concrete in building
and civil Construction Management works except where otherwise modified or
amended withinthe [Link]
covering,butnotlimitedto;definitions; Contractor’sresponsibilities;site conditions; site
safety; construction program; quality control; materials; testing; site transportation
and accommodation; temporary works; maintenance and as-built drawings.
BuildingRegulationsandAuthoritativeStandardsandCodesofPractice
A. Where the structural concrete is to be used in any building works, the concrete
shallcomply withtherequirements ofthelatestversion ofIndianStandards(IS),
except where more stringent [Link] of all
these documents shall generally be available at site with the Contractor.
B. List of certain important Indian Standards and Codes applicable to this work is
givenbelow. However, the applicable standards and codes shall be as per, but not
limited to the list given below and those mentioned in the content of this
specifications and design basis report. The codes, latest as on date of release of
tender shall be considered for the purpose of this bid
SrNo Code Description
1 IS:383 Coarseandfineaggregatesfromnaturalsourcesforconcrete
2 IS: 432 Part 1 & Specification for mild steel, medium tensile steel bars and
2 hard drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement.
3 IS: 455 Portlandslagcement
4 IS: 456 CodeofpracticeforplainandreinforcedConcrete
5 IS: 457 Codeofpracticeforgeneralconstructionofplain& reinforced
concrete for dams & other massive structures
6 IS: 460 Specificationfortestsieves(PartI,II&III)
1. Wireclothtestsieve
2. Perforatedplatetestsieve
3. Methodofexaminationoftestsieves

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8 IS: 516 Methodoftestforstrengthofconcrete
9 IS: 650 Standardsandfortestingofcement
10 IS: 875 Designloadsforbuildingstructure
(PartI,II,III)
11 IS:1199 Part 1 to Fresh Concrete - Methodsofsampling, testing andAnalysis
7
12 IS:1200 Methods of measurementof building andCivil/Architect/
Part 1 to 28 Engineering Works
13 IS:1322 Specification for bitumen felt for water proofing and damp
proofing
14 IS:1489 Portland-PozzolanacementFlyAshbasedandCalcined Clay
Based
15 IS:1566 HarddrawnsteelwirefabricforConcreteReinforcement
16 IS:1786 Specificationfor cold-workedsteel high Strength deformed
Steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement
17 IS:1791 Batchtypeconcretemixers

18 IS:1834 Hotappliedsealingcompoundforjointinconcrete
19 IS:1838 Part 1,2 Preformedfillers for expansion jointin concrete pavements
&3 and structures
20 IS:1893 Earthquakeresistantdesign
21 IS:2062 Hot Rolled Medium and High Tensile Structural Steel
22 IS:2074 Readymixedpaint,airdrying,redoxide

23 IS:2204 Code ofPractice for Constructionof Reinforced Concrete

Shell Roof
24 IS:2210 Criteriafor the designof reinforced concreteshell
structures and folded plates
25 IS:2386 Part 1 to Methodsoftestofaggregatesfor concrete
8
26 IS:2430 Methodsofsamplingofaggregatesforconcrete
27 IS:2438 Rollerpanmixer – Specifications
28 IS:2502 Codeofpracticeforbending andfixingof barsforconcrete
reinforcement
29 IS:2505 ConcreteVibratorsImmersionTypes
30 IS:2506 Generalrequirementsforscreedboardconcretevibrators
31 IS:2514 Concretevibratingtables
32 IS:2571 Codeofpracticeforlayingin-situcementconcreteflooring
33 IS: 2645 SpecificationforIntegralcementwaterproofingcompound

34 IS:2722 Portableswingweighbatchersforconcrete(Singleand double

bucket type)
35 IS:3025 Methods of samplingand test (physical and chemical) for
water and waste water

13
36 IS: 3067 Code of practice for general design details and preparatory
works for damp proofing and water proofing of buildings
37 IS:3370 Part 1 to Code of practice for concrete structures for the storage
4 ofliquids
38 IS:3414 Codeofpracticefordesignandinstallationofjointsin buildings

39 IS:3558 Codeofpracticeforuseofimmersionvibratorsfor consolidating

concrete
40 IS:3812 SpecificationforflyashuseasPozzolanaandadmixtures
41 IS:3025 Methods of Sampling and test (Physical andChemical for
water)
42 IS:4031 MethodsforphysicaltestsforhydraulicCement
43 IS:4082 Recommendationonstackingandstorageofconstruction
materials at site
44 IS:4326 Codeofpracticeforearthquakeresistantdesignand
construction of building
45 IS:4656 Formvibratorsforconcrete
46 IS:4671 Expandedpolystyreneforthermalinsulationpurposes
47 IS:4925 Batchingandmixingplant
48 IS:4926 Specificationforreadymixedconcrete
49 IS:4995 Criteriafordesignofreinforcedconcretebinsforstorageof
granular and powdery materials
50 IS:4998 Criteriafordesignofreinforcedconcretechimneys
51 IS:5256 Sealing Expansion Joints in Concrete Lining of Canals - Code of
practice
52 IS:5816 Methodoftestforsplittingtensilestrengthofconcrete cylinders

53 IS:6452 Specificationforhighaluminacementforstructuraluse
54 IS:6461 Glossaryoftermsrelatingtocementconcrete
55 IS:6494 Code of practice for water proofing of underground water
reservoirs and swimming pools
56 IS:6509 Codeofpracticeforinstallationofjointsinconcrete pavements

57 IS:6909 SpecificationforsupersulphatedCement.
58 IS:7293 SafetycodeforworkingwithConstructionmachinery
59 IS:7861 Codeofpracticeforextremeweatherconcreting.
1. Recommendedpracticeforhot weatherconcreting.
2. Recommendedpracticeforcoldweatherconcreting

60 IS:8041 SpecificationforrapidhardeningPortlandcement(first
revision)
61 IS:8042 SpecificationforwhitePortlandcement(firstrevision)
62 IS:8043 Specification for hydrophobic Portland cement (first
revision)
63 IS:269 Ordinary Portland Cement - Specification
64 IS:9012 Recommendedpracticeforshortcreting

14
 65 IS:9013 Methodofmaking,curinganddeterminingcompressive
strength of accelerated cured concrete test specimens
66 IS:9103 Admixturesforconcrete
67 IS:10262 Recommendedguidelinesforconcretemixdesign
68 IS:11384 Codeofpracticeforcompositeconstructioninstructural steel
and concrete
69 IS:12118 Two-partpolysulphide-basedsealant
70 IS:12200 Code of practice for provision of water Stops at transverse
contraction joints in masonry and concrete dams
72 IS:12600 LowheatsPortlandcement
73 SP: 23 Handbookofconcretemixes
74 SP: 24 Explanatory Hand book on Indian Standard code for plain
and reinforced concrete (IS:456-1978)
75 SP: 27 Handbookofmethodof measurementofbuildingworks

C. The Contractor must understand thoroughly any such requirements stated by the
foregoing Codes and Regulations before tendering. He shall also construct the
work in strict accordance with this Specification, working drawings and written
instructions issued by the Engineer in charge.
D. If the Contractor wishes to substitute any of the codes mentioned above with
other authoritative standards or codes, he shall submit details of these
authoritativestandards/codesalong withtwocompletecopiestotheEngineerin
Charge for approval. Approval for such substitution shall be at the discretion of
the Engineer in Charge and will not be given unless the Engineer in Charge
considers the proposed standard or code of practice will give a quality offinished
work equal to or better than the specified standard.
E. The Engineer in Charge reserves the right to check the work constructed by the
Contractor, and his setting out at such times as he may deem fit. There is
however no obligation on his part to make such checks and any omission by him
to observe errors shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities in these
respects.
PreliminaryInformationfromContractor
TheContractorshallsubmitthefollowinginformationonhisproposalsforthe approval of the
Engineer in Charge before work is commenced:
a. Sourceofsupplyofallaggregates/concrete/bricks/solid&hollowblocks
b. Sourceofsupplyofcement
c. Sourceofsupplyofwater
d. Gradingcurvesforcoarseandfineaggregate
e. Certificateofsoundnessofcement
f. Resultsoftestsfororganicandinorganicimpuritiesofaggregatesandwater
g. Resultsoftestsdryingshrinkageofaggregates
h. Sourceofsupplyofreinforcingsteel
i. TestCertificatesforreinforcingsteel
j. Typesofwaterbars
k. Typesofjointfillersandsealant
l. Positionsofallconstructionjoints
m. Typesofformworks
BarbendingSchedules
ReinforcementbarbendingschedulesshallbepreparedbytheContractorandsubmittedtothe
EngineerinCharge onthisproject as andwhen directed.
UseofConcrete
NoconcreteofanyparticularmixproportionsshallbeincorporatedintotheWorks

15
 untilall the requirements of this specification have been met in respect of those mix
proportions and have been approved by theEngineerinCharge.
Approvals
Aminimum of14 workingdaysbeforeconstruction commences theContractor shall
supplyto the Engineer in Charge for his approval details of his proposed layouts of
concrete plant and on-site workshop, details of form work systems and construction
devices, eg. Cranes, chutes, scaffolding, which he proposes to use for structural
concrete. The information is to be sufficiently detailed to enable the Engineer in
Charge to approve or otherwise.
Where the Contractor proposed to use climbing tower cranes or any type of plant
which places any load on the reinforced concrete structure, he must furnish full
detailsofsuchplant totheEngineerinChargeforapprovalaminimum14daysbefore
theworkiscommenced. If approved bytheEngineerinCharge,thestructurewill be
strengthened to carry such loads and the Contractorshallberesponsibleforany
resulting additional design and construction costs ortime incurred. Loads from such
plant or equipment shall only be imposed on such completed story of the structure
where the loaded concrete has already attained the minimum specified 28 days
compressivestrength.
The Contractor should note that further approvals for works, as indicated in the
Technical Specifications, are required before construction starts. The Contractor is
wholly responsible for obtaining these approvals and no claim for delays or
additional payments will be entertained due to the Contractors failure to obtain such
approvals in adequatetime.
Any approval, instructions, permission, checking, review etc. whatsoever by the
Engineer in Charge, shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility and
obligation regarding adequacy, correctness, completeness, safety, strength, quality,
workmanship etc.
ContractorsResponsibilityandDefects
The Contractor shall furnish all skilled and unskilled labour, plant, equipment,
scaffolding, all materials etc. required for complete execution of the work in
accordance with the drawings and as described herein and / or as directed by the
Engineer in Charge.
ThefactthattheContractorhasusedmaterials,[Link] Charge
shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities of producing a
concreteoftherequiredminimumstrength,workability,shrinkagecharacteristicsetc.
forthepurposeto which it is put.
Any defects due to materials and workmanship not being in accordance with this
specification shallbemadegoodtothesatisfactionoftheEngineerinChargeby the
Contractor at the Contractor’s expense.
The Contractor shall be responsible for making good to the satisfaction of the
Engineer in Charge any damage to the permanent structure which may be caused by
his plant.
If the Contractor desires to leave any permanently embedded supports for his
shuttering, etc. in the concrete, he must furnish in writing exact details of his
proposals and approval mustbe obtainedfromtheEngineerinCharge.
SourceofSupply
The Contractor shall not alter the source of supply of any material from that initially
approved by the Engineer in Charge without the prior written permission of the
Engineer in Charge.
Supervision
The Contractor shall employ competent personnel whose first duty will be the
supervision of all stages of mixing,placingand site testing ofall concrete and for the
supervisingofthe preparationof cubesfortesting.
Safety and Site Conditions
TheContractorshallstrictlyfollow,atallstagesofwork,thestipulationscontainedin

16
 the Indian Standard Safety Code and the provisions of the safety code and the
provisionofthesafetyrules asspecifiedintheGeneralConditionsoftheContractfor
ensuring safety of men and materials.
QualityControl
Reference shall be made to the accompanying General Specification for Quality
Control Requirements
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer in Charge, within 14 days of award, a
Quality Manual in accordance with ISO 9001. The Quality Manual shall outline the
QualityControl measures that the Contractor shall put in place to carry out the Works
and shall includethe Quality Control of the Sub-contractors. The Quality
[Link] the
Engineer in Charge and, upon acceptance, shall be implemented by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer in Charge, within 14 days ofaward, a list
of the Quality Control Personnel proposed for the Works and shall outline roles
andresponsibilities. Staff listed shall include the Project Manager, Quality Control
Superintendentand Project Foreman. Iffor somereason, aperson so listedis unable to
fulfil their role in this Works, then the Contractor shall find an equivalently qualified
person to fill that vacancy. Details of the proposed replacement shall be submitted to
the Engineer in Charge before.
The Contractor shall establish, document and maintain an inspection and testing system
capableofproducingobjectiveevidencethattheWorksconformtotheSpecification,
whether carried out by the Contractor or his sub-contractors, or procured from
vendors. A summary of this systemshallbeincludedintheQualityManual.
MaterialsCement
Type ofCement
Thecement usedshallbeany ofthefollowing withprior approval oftheEngineer in
Charge.

 HighstrengthordinaryPortlandcement(Grade43)conformingtoIS:8112.
 PortlandPozzolanacementsconformingIS:[Link] conforming
to IS: 455.
 PortlandslagcementsconfirmingtoIS:455.
 Composite Cement conforming to IS 16415
 Unless otherwise specified ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade conformingto
IS 269 shall beused for all non-standard concrete works.
Ordinary Portland cement (53 Grade) conforming to IS: 269 shall be used for
important concrete works and grades M30 and above.
White or coloured Portland cement shall comply with physical requirements of IS
8112 and pigments shall be inorganic oxide pigments, either natural or synthetic in
origin complying with the requirements of BS: 1014 Pigments whether added just
before mixing or by the cement manufacturer shall only be incorporated in the
proportionsapproved.
Supersulphateandhighaluminacementshallnotbeusedinanypartofthe works
unlessspecified.
For non-structural concrete work OPC 43 shall be used and for concrete work and
design mix of grade M15 and above OPC 53 shall be used. All non-structural
working contactor can go for PPC
43/53 grade Portland Cement conforming to IS 269 shall be followed.
For Foundation and Substation preferred to use composite cement conforming to IS
16415.
CertificationandTestingofCement
The contractor shall obtain a manufacturer’s certificate of test in accordance with the
appropriate standard for each consignment of cement delivered to the site and shall
immediately forward these certificates to the Engineer in Charge for his retention.
Notwithstanding the manufacturer’s certificate the Engineer in Charge may requirethat
anycementdeliveredtothesite,orelsewhereforuseintheworks,shallbe

17
 [Link]
[Link] be borne
by theContractor. Cement older than 3 months is not to be used for any works on
site.
DeliveryandStorageofCement
Cement of different types and manufacture shall not be mixed one with another.
Cement shall be transported to site in covered vehicles adequately protected against
water. All cement shall be delivered to the Site or elsewhere for use in the Works in
the original sealed bagsof themanufacturerorinapprovedbulkcontainers.
The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the storage of adequatequantity
of cement and all cement shall at all times be protected from deterioration. Cement,
unless delivered in bulk, shall be stored and neatly stacked in piles not exceeding 10
bags high in weather proof closed sheds well away from walls, the
floorofwhichshallbewithraised wooden plank flooring to prevent deterioration by
dampness or intrusion of foreign matter, Storage under tarpaulins shall not be
permitted. Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored ina weather proofsilo.
Eachconsignmentofcementshallbeclearlyidentified,storedseparatelywith clear
identifiable stack number and used in chronological order of receipt i.e.
thefirstreceived being first used.
Daily record of cement received and consumed shall be maintained by theContractor
in anapprovedformandacopysubmittedtotheEngineerinChargeonce a week.
InspectionofCement
Anycementwhich,uponinspection,isconsideredbytheEngineerinChargeto have
deteriorated in any way will be rejected.
Anytypeandgradeofcementmorethan3monthsoldshallinvariablybetested to ascertain
that it satisfies the acceptability requirements.
Allcementrejectedforanycauseshallberemovedfromtheprojectsiteimmediately.
BulkcementshallbeusedonlyiftheEngineerinChargeapprovalinwritinghas
[Link] above.
Automatic weighing equipment shall be used for weighing the cement to be added to
each batch.
Cementforuseinallconcretefloorslabsandbeamsshallbeobtainedfroma single source to
maintain uniformity of colour.
Flyash
If any grade of concrete requires fly ash to be added for the items covered in BOQ
thefollowing procedure shall be followed and shall be complied in conjunction with
the Structural consultant’s approval andtocomplywithlatest codalrequirements.
The weight of fly ash shall be restricted to maximum 35% to total weight of
cementitious material as per IS 3812-Part 1. However, if PPC cement is to be used
then use of Fly ash shall beavoided.
a. FlyashusedforcementconcreteshallbeconformingtoIS3812Part1. Physical and
Chemical requirements of fly ash shall confirm to IS. Moisture content of fly ash
shall be as specified by the Engineer in charge. Testing of fly ash shall be carried
out according to IS 1727.
b. Fly ash shall be stored in such a way to permit easy access for inspection and
identification of each consignment. Manufacturer or supplier of fly ash has to
furnish [Link] markedwiththe
Standard Mark.
c. FlyAshshallbeobtainedonlyfromauthorizeddealers.

Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag

If any grade of concrete requires GGBS to be added for the items covered under the BOQ the
following procedure shall be followed and shall be complied in conjunction with the
Structural consultant’s approval andtocomplywithlatest coderequirements.
The weight of GGBS shall be restricted to maximum 50% to total weight of
cementitious material as per IS 455. However, if PSC cement is to be used then use of

18
 GGBS shall beavoided.

a. GGBSusedforcementconcreteshallbeconformingtoIS16714. Physical and Chemical

requirements of GGBS shall confirm to IS. Testing of GGBS shall be carried out
according to IS 4031.

Composite Cement

If any grade of concrete requires Composite Cement to be used for the items covered under the
BOQ the following procedure shall be followed and shall be complied in conjunction with the
Structural consultant’s approval andtocomplywithlatest coderequirements.
The weight of OPC Cement shall be at-least 50% minimum to the total weight of
cementitious material. Weight of Fly ash shall be with in the limit of 10% minimum to
25% maximum and weight of GGBs shall be 25% minimum to 40% maximum to the
total weight of cementitious material as stipulated in IS 16415.

When Fly Ash, GGBS or Composite Cement combination blended at site as cementitious material
uniform blending of materials shall be ensured as stipulated in IS 456.

Aggregates for Concrete

TypeofAggregates
Aggregates mean both coarse and fine inert materials used in the preparation of
concrete. Aggregates shall consist of natural sands, crushed stone and gravel from a
sourceknowntoproducesatisfactoryaggregateforconcretecomplyingwithIS:383 and
shall be chemically inert, clean, hard, strong, durable against weathering of limited
porosity and free fromsuch quantities of deleterious materials as may cause

19
 corrosion of reinforcement or may impair the strength and / or durability of the
concrete. Additionally, the flakiness index when determined by the sieve method
described in IS 2386 shall not exceed 40 for any size of concrete aggregate. Total
percentage of all deleterious materials, including coal, lignite, clay lumps, and
materials finer than 75 microns, soft fragments and shale but excluding mica shall
not exceed 5%. However, for crushed fine aggregate, total percentage of coal and
lignite and clay lumps shall be limited to 2%. Aggregates shall not contain water
solubleSulphurtrioxideinexcessof0.1%. The chloride ion content of the fine and
coarse aggregate shall not exceed 0.06% and 0.02% respectively by mass of dry
aggregate. If either aggregate exceeds these limits the material may still be
considered acceptable by the Engineer in Charge provided that thetotal chloride ion
concentration derived from the aggregates is not greater than 0.35% by massof the
cementinthemix. AllaggregatesshallcomplywithIS:2386andIS:383inrespectof
impurities and additionally with the following
a. Absorption6% Maximumbyweightforordinaryconstruction2% Maximum for
waterproof construction
b. 1%maximumequivalentanhydrouscalciumpercentagebyweightcement
c. 8%maximumbyweight
d. 10%maximumbyweight

The drying shrinkage of the aggregates measured in accordance with IS: 2386 shall
not exceed
a. 0.06%forgeneralpurposeconcrete
b. 0.04% for pre-cast concrete, concrete for special purposes and water
proofconcrete.
Forreinforcedconcretework,aggregatesconformingtoIS:383&IS:2386 having a
maximum size of 20 mm shall be used. For certain reinforced concrete
works,aggregates having a maximum size other than 20 mm size shall also be used
ascalledforinthedrawings. However, for lean concrete provided as mud mat below
structural concrete, maximumsize upto 40 mm shall be used.
Aggregates (coarse) with a specific gravity below 2.6 shall not be used
[Link]
prepared forusebysuch screening or washing, or both, as necessary to remove all
objectionable foreign matter at Contractor’s COST Fine Aggregate: Fine aggregate
shall mean aggregate which pass through IS Sieve 4.75 mm (3/16 B.S.) test sieve to
IS:2430,leaving aresiduenot morethan5%and shallconformtoIS:[Link]
[Link]-madesand will be
acceptable provided the constituent (rock/gravel) is sound, hard, and dense
[Link] shall be
rejected. The fine aggregate for concrete shall be graded within limits as specified in
Table1 of IS: 383 - 1970 and the fineness modules shall range between
2.00 to 3.20. The machine- made sand may be used for concrete works as per
acceptable standards. All other civil works river sand will be used. Manufactured
sand only conforming to ZONE 2 will be permitted.
Artificial/CrushedSand
Consideringtherecentdeficiencyinavailabilityofriversand,anotheralternative is
manufactured sand or crushed sand. The long-term substitute for river sand is
manufactured sand or crushed sand from V.S.I. Crushers. The manufactured sand
musthavecubicalparticlesorsphericalparticleswhichcanbegeneratedonlyfrom
V.S.I. Crushers by Cleavage crushing. Due to cleavage breaking of the particle the
surface is smoother. Sand manufactured from any other process/ machine cannot
have cubical shape. Fine aggregates manufactured by Compression crushing (Jaw
crusher, Cone crusher, roll crusher, Hammer mill) are flaky and more angular in
shape. The surface texture is very rough. Therefore, such fine aggregate is not
[Link]

20
 reducesand results in honey combing. So, the process of manufacturing should be
such that it should give Cubicalparticles. Flaky particlesincrease voidsover cubical
or spherical particles about 5 to 6 percent more and reduce the strength of concrete.
Verticalshaft Impactorprincipleisusedfor crushingbiggerparticles,forshapingthe
crushed metal (giving better shape of the particle) and for crushing fines aggregates
below 4.75 mm. It is best machine for making sand from stone. Sand manufactured
by Vertical Shaft Impactor is ofcubicalshape. Such sand can beused for alltypesof
construction work,Concreting,[Link].
Fromtheabovefollowingaretherequisitesofsand:
 Allthesandparticlesshouldhavehighercrushingstrength. Thesurfacetextureof the
particles should be smooth.
 Theedgesoftheparticlesshouldbegrounded.
 The ratio of fines below 600 microns in sand should not be less than 30%. There
should not be any organic impurities
 Siltinsandshouldnotbemorethantwopercent.

 For crushed stone sands, the permissible limit on 150 microns IS sieve is
increased to 20 percent. This does not affect the 5 percent allowance permitted
in 6.3 of IS 383 applying to other sieve sizes.
CoarseAggregate:
Coarse aggregate shall mean aggregate of which not less than 95% by weight is
retainedona 4.75mm mesh IS test sieve to IS: 2430 and shall conform to Table 7 of
IS : 383 2016 It shall be obtained from crushed granite, trap, basalt or similar
approved stones from approved quarry. Coarse aggregate shall be chemically inert
whenmixedwithcementandshallbeangular in shape and free from soft friable thin
porous laminated or flaky pieces. It shall be free from dust and other foreign matter.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, for all RCC works the size of coarse aggregate
shall be 20 mm anddownsize.
Between the limits specified for coarse and fine aggregates thegrading shall be such
as to producedenseconcreteofaconsistency, whichwill workintoposition without
segregation,and without the use of excess watercontent.
Aggregates for waterproof concrete shall be non-porous, not subject to internal
movement,changeinvolume,shapeorstructureandsuitableineveryrespectforuse in water
proof [Link] aggregate shall be 5mm exfoliated vermiculite or
similarmaterial approved by the Engineer in Charge
ApprovalofAggregate
A minimum of 14 working days before the commencement of any concrete work,the
Contractor shall forward to the Engineer in Charge for approval, details of his
proposed source of supply of aggregates giving the aggregate group classification
and typical physical properties as required by IS:383.
The Engineer in Charge shall be given advancenotice of any alteration in the source
of supply of aggregate.
CertificationofAggregates
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer in Charge with a certificate for his
retention at such regular intervalsas the Engineer inCharge may prescribe from time
to time showingthatall aggregateshavebeenre-testedsincethedateofthelast such
certificate andshowing that they continue to comply with the requirements of
thisspecification.
Samples of aggregates of different sizes or types shall be sent to an approved
laboratory for testing prior to the commencement of any concrete works. The cost of
such testing shall be borne by the Contractor. Notwithstanding any certificate of
compliance, the Engineer in Charge may at any time require that any aggregate
delivered to the site, or elsewhere for use in the works be sampled and tested. Any
aggregate so tested which fails to comply withthis specification will be rejected.
Deliveryand Storageof Aggregates. Nodeliveriesinbulk shall be commenced until the
Contractor has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Engineer in Charge thatthe

21
 samples comply with thisspecification.
ThesamplesapprovedbytheEngineerinChargeshallberepresentativeofthe grading
andgeneralqualityoftheaggregatedeliveredduringthecourseof the work.
Gradedaggregate asrecommended/showninTable2inthedocument,onlyshall be used for
all R.C.C. Works.
Any aggregate, which in the opinion of the Engineer in Charge, has become
contaminated or does not conform to the foregoing requirements may be rejected by
the Engineer in Charge.
Each size of aggregate shall be stored on separate platform or stockpile and such
platform or stockpile shall be sufficiently removed from each other. In order to
preventmaterials at edge of the piles from getting intermixed with each other, bund
walls shall be constructed.
TestingofAggregates
Testsshallbecarriedoutonsamplesobtainedfromthedeliveredaggregatestakenat
intervals required by the Engineer in Charge in accordance with IS: 2386.
Testsshallbe carried out in the presence of the Engineer in Charge and to the expense
of theContractor. Should a sample fail to comply with any of the tests the Engineer
in Charge may, at his discretion, either reject the batch from which the sample was
taken, orderittobe washed and/orscreened,orpermitittobeusedwith variations in the
proportions or the [Link] rejected by the
Engineer in Charge shall be removed from siteforthwith.
GradingAggregate
Aggregates will be subjected to sieve analysis to IS: 2386, and the limits of
acceptance are as shown in Table 1 and 2. The Engineer in Charge may require
furtheranalysistobemadeif thereisany [Link] of any
such analysis is to be borne by theContractor.
The Contractor is to provide a set of IS sieves and weighing equipment with
accuracyto 0.5% of the mass of test sample and carry out sieve analysis to IS: 2386
on site as required by the EngineerinChargeattheexpenseoftheContractor.
The Contractor shall carry out sieve analysis for coarse and fine aggregates at the
minimum of one per week at each stockpile. At the start of the contract, sieve
analysis should be taken twice per week at each stockpile until the consistency of
grading isevident and agreed bytheEngineer in Charge.
Table1 (Reference IS 383:2016 Table 9)
ISSieveDesignation PercentagePassing
Grading Grading Grading Grading
Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV
10mm 100 100 100 100
4.75mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100

ISSieve PercentagePassing
600Micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300Micron 5 -20 8 -30 12-40 15-50
150Micron 0 -10 0 -10 0 -10 0 - 15

22
Note: The above table shall be read along with foot notes in Table 9 of IS 383.

Table2
IS Sieve A B
Designati %PassingbyWeightforsinglesized % Passing by Weight of
on ungraded aggregate of nominal size graded aggregate of nominal
size
63 40 20 16 12.5 10 40 20 16 12.5
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
80mm 100 - - - - - 100 - - -
63mm 85- 100 - - - - - - - -
100
40mm 0 -30 85- 100 - - - 90- 100 - -
100 100
20mm 05 0-20 85- 100 - - 30- 90- 100 100
100 70 100
16mm - - - 85- 100 - - - 90- -
100 100
12.5mm - - - - 85- 100 - - - 90-
100 100
10mm 0-5 0-5 0-20 0-30 0-45 85- 10- 25- 30- 40-
100 35 55 70 85
4.75mm - - 0-5 0-5 0-10 0-20 0-5 0-10 0-10 0-10
2.36mm - - - - - 0-5 - - - -

WaterandIceforConcrete
Water for use in mixing and curing concrete shall be clean, fresh and free from
injurious amountsofoils,acids,alkalis,sugar,organicmaterialsorother substances that
may be deleterious to concrete or steel. Potable water is generally considered
satisfactory for mixing concrete. The maximum permissible values of impurities
shall be as given in clause no. 5.4 of IS:456 -2000. Water storagetanks
shallbecoveredtothesatisfactionoftheEngineerinChargetopreventcontamination. In case of
doubt regarding development of strength, the suitability of water for making
concrete shall be ascertained by the compressive strength and initial setting time
tests specified inIS:456.
The Engineer in Charge may require that any water be sampled and tested at the
expenseof the Contractor by the method given in IS: 3025. Water failing the criteria
given inthe appendix to IS: 456 will berejected.
TheContractorshallproducetestresultsofwaterproposedtobeusedonthejob for
approvalbytheEngineerin Charge beforeusingforconcrete works.

Wherever temperature-controlled concrete is specified, the Contractor may establish

an ice making plant and chiller plant of required capacity at site.
MeasuresforControllingAlkaliAggregateReaction
Aggregate tested as per IS 2386 exhibits AAR, the measures to control the
occurrence of alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete shall be submitted to the
Engineer in Charge for approval. In the absence of
alternativeproposals,suchcontrolshallbeachievedbylimitingthereactive
alkalicontentofthe concrete as described in clauses 2.5.2 to 2.5.4 below unless in the
opinion of the Engineer in Charge the concrete element will not be subjected to
moisture ingress throughout itsdesign life.
The reactive alkali of concrete expressed as the equivalent sodium oxide per cubic

23
 metre of concrete shall not exceed 3.0 kg.
Theequivalentsodiumoxide(Na2O)contentoftheconcreteshallbedeterminedinaccordance
withthefollowingsteps:
TheequivalentNa2Oshallbecalculatedbytheexpression:EquivalentNa2O=A+B
+CWhere;
A. isthesumoftheacid-solublealkalis(expressedasequivalentNa2O)ofcement, admixture
and water
B. is equalto 1/6 the total alkalis of pulverized fuel ash (PFA) (expressed as equivalent
Na2O) and
C. isequalto0.76timesthechlorideion(Cl)oftheaggregate

The acid-soluble alkali content of the cementshallbe determinedin accordance with

IS: 4032 and shall be taken as the average of the latest 25 daily determination of
equivalentsodium oxide plustwicethe standard deviation of theresults.
Theacid soluble alkali content ofadmixtures shallbedeterminedinaccordancewith
IS:4032.
The acid-soluble alkali content of water shall be determined in accordance with
AmericanPublichealthAssociation(APHA)17ed.1989)Sections3500-Kand3500- Na.
The total alkali content of the PFA shall be determined in accordance with IS: 4032
andshallbetakenastheaverageof25weeklydeterminationplustwicethe standard
deviation of the results.
The equivalent sodium oxide content of the coarse and fine aggregates shall be
calculated from thequantity ofchloride ion present measured in accordance with IS:
2386. Thecalculationindicatingthe amountofthereactivealkaliintheconcretemix
shouldbesubmitted bythe concretesupplier to the Engineer inCharge.
Admixtures
No admixtures of cements containing additive shall be used in concrete unless
specified or approved by the Engineer in Charge. Such approval will not be given
unlessintheEngineerinCharge’sopinionspecificbenefittothedensityorqualityof the
concrete will result. Additives so approved shall be used strictly in accordance
withthemanufacturer’[Link] not have
detrimental effect on reinforcement.
TheContractorshallobtainthewrittenapproval oftheEngineerinChargeforuseof
additivesiftheydifferfromthosespecifiedbytheEngineerinCharge,andtheir use is
proposed by the Contractor but not specified by the Engineer in Charge.
The Contractor shall submit the following details of any admixtures or cement
containing additives for approval before using:
Brandnameandmanufacturer’sliterature.
Proposed dosage as per manufacturers specification and detrimental effects, if any,
of under dosage and/or over dosage.
MethodofaddingtotheconcretemixandDetailsoftheChloridecontent
The chloride ion content of admixtures for concrete containing embedded metal or
for concrete containing sulphate resisting Portland cement shall not exceed 2% by
mass of admixture or 0.03% by mass of the cementitious content, whichever is the
less.
Calciumchlorideasacceleratingadmixtureisnotpermittedtobeused.
Where the use of admixtures is specified or approved, they shall comply with the
requirements of IS: 9103 and shall be of proven make and from a reputed
manufacturer.
The Contractor shall produce latest test results carried out at NABL Test Housesfor
theapprovalof theEngineer in Charge, beforeuse.
Approved admixtures shall be stored in watertight weatherproof containersclearly
marked to show the contents.
Thepouringofconcreteatvariousheightsshallbeat0.00mto4.50m,4.50mto
7.00mand7.00mto12.50m or for greater heights as approved by Engineer-in-Charge.
SteelbarReinforcementReferseparatespecificationgivenelsewhere.

24
JointFillersandSealants
Joint fillers shall be pre-formed and of a proprietary brand in accordance with the
drawings or similar approved by the Engineer in Charge and shall be placed in
accordance manufacturer’s recommendation and written instructions with the Joint
sealantsshallbeasdescribedinthedrawings,orsimilar approved bytheEngineerin
Charge and shall be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendation and writteninstructions.
Poured joint sealing compound shall be a hot poured rubber bitumen compound
complying withtherequirementsofIS:1580orBS:2499unlessotherwisespecified.
WaterStops
WaterSwellingBarsmadeupofflexiblepolymercompositesshallbeusedat construction
jointsofretainingwallsandwaterretainingstructuresandwherever specifiedwith
properoverlapsatjointsofapprovedmakesasperEngineerin-Charge
[Link]-metalliclikePVC. Water
stops shall be pre-formed and of a proprietary brand in accordance withthedrawings,or
similar approved by the Engineer in Charge.
WaterstopsshallbeusedatallconstructionjointsinWaterTanksorother structures
designated as Watertight Structures.
CuringCompounds
Concrete curing compound for structures shall be aacrylic resin or wax-resin base
membrane curing compound of an approved proprietary brand. It shall have a
minimum curing efficiency of 75% and shall contain afugitivedye.
Aluminized curing compound shall, when applied at the rate of approximately 0.25
litres/m2 by a mechanical sprayer with low pressure fine spray, become stable and
impervious to evaporationofwaterfromtheconcretesurfacewithin60minutesafter
application.
The curing compound shall contain sufficient flake aluminum in finely divided
dispersion to produce a complete coverage of the sprayed surface with a metallic
finish. The curingcompound shall notreact chemicallywith theconcretetobecured and
shall not crack, peelordisintegratewithinthreeweeksafterapplication.
Concretecuringcompoundforcarriagewaysshallbeanon-pigmentedacrylicresinor wax-
resin [Link] minimum
of 75%efficiency indexandshallbeavailableboth withandwithout afugitivedye.
The Contractor shall supply test certificates, prepared by an approved testing
laboratory,to showthatthecompound willprovidetherequired curingefficiency.
Curing compounds shall not be detrimental to the applied finish and surface
treatments specified on the drawings.
Damp-proofMembranes
Damp-proof Membranes (DPM) generally for use below non-suspended ground floor
slabs shall be 1200-gauge (0.3mm) polythene sheet complying with Packaging and
Industrial Film Association Standard 6/83 and shall be laid and jointed in strict
accordance with the manufacturers printed instructions.
Concrete - Workmanship
SteelReinforcement
Referseparatespecificationgivenelsewhere.
FormworkandFalsework(ShouldalsobereadwithSpecialFormworkintherelevant
section)-
TypeofFormwork
 Form work shall include all temporary or permanent forming for the concrete,
together withall temporary construction required for itssupport.
 False work shall include any temporary structure used to support a permanent
structure during its erection and untilit becomes self-supporting.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, stability, supply,
fixing,alignmentandsaferemovalofallformwork,falseworkandsupports inaccordance

25
 with IS: 14687, IS: 4990 IS: 456 and BS: 5975. Strutting shall be so arranged that it
can be removedwithout undue shock to the concrete. The Contractor shall submit the
design of false work and form work to the Engineer in Charge for approval before
construction. In the case of folded plates,Domes and shell roofs the Contractor
should take approval for the pattern of centering and shuttering along with program
for de- shuttering.
The Contractor shall construct form work and false work to support safely the worst
combined effects of all loads acting on it so that the final concrete structure is
withinthelimitsofacceptabledimensionaltolerancesandwithoutcausingbulgingor
deflection:

All form work shall be watertight and so constructed that there shall be no loss of
material from the concrete. After the concrete has hardened and the form work has
beenremoved,the concreteshallbeinthepositionandof theshape,dimensions, and
surface finish described in this specificationor onthedrawings.
The form work shall so design and positioned that can be removed without damage
to concrete. In the case of beams, slabs or like members the form work shall be so
arranged that the sides or edges may be removed without disturbance to the soffit or
propping system.
Form work shall compose of steel, best quality wood or non-absorbent typeplywood.
Timber shall be free from significant knots and shall be of medium grainas far as
possible and hard woods shall be used as caps and wedges under or over posts.
Timber shall bewell seasoned, free from sap, shakes, worm holes, warps or other
surface defects and shall have smoothfinish.
Staging,unlessspecifiedotherwise,shallgenerallybeofmildsteeltubes,steelbeams and
channels etc.
Plywood shall be used in exposed surfaces (fair faced finish specified) as shown on
drawings or as directed by the Engineer in Charge where especially fair faced finish
[Link] water
resistant plywoodtoproduceaperfectlylevelled,uniform andsmoothsurface. Form
work for Architectural shapes for columns, ring beams, circular
orsphericalwalls,shellroofsorbottomsinthecaseofwaterreservoirsoranyotherstructure
shallbe madefrom approvedplywoodor steel plates andframes.

FormworkcomposedofSteel/Plywood/Plastic/Aluminumcan be used by the

Contractor.

The staging shall be true and rigid and thoroughly braced in both directions as well
as cross braced, strutted and propped such that it will not deform unduly under
weightof concrete and other loads due to men, equipment, etc. Vertical member or
props should not be supported on an un-propped lower suspended floor or beam
unless it is ensured by the Contractor that the lower floor or beam can safely carry
the loads. No propping shall takeplaceuntiltheEngineer-inCharge.

To achieve the desired rigidity, ample studs, braces, bolts, spacer blocks, wires,
lamps, ties, straps, shores, etc. shall be used to hold the form in proper position
without undue distortion.

Provision shall be made for traffic on form work not to bear directly on reinforcing
steel.
Themouldusedformanufacturingprecastcomponentsnormallyconsistoftwoparts,
(a) bottommouldand(b)[Link] timber,
masonry,concrete,steelFRP,plasticoranyothermaterialacceptableto
[Link],steelFRP,

26
 [Link] masonryorconcretemoulds,the topsurface shallbe finished to the
required accuracy and made smooth.
Incaseofmasonrymoulds,theuseofchickenmeshorfibrereinforcementsinthetop
surfaces will help in makingthemouldlast longer for higher efficiency.
In the case of cored units can be created either by an extrusion process, by inflated
tubes, Mild steeltubes,timber,cardboard /hardpaperor any other materials.

JointsinFormwork
All joints in form work shall be either horizontal or vertical, end form work being
square [Link] be struck
andremoved withoutinjurytothe concrete. Thejointsshall be sufficiently tight to
preventany leakage ofmortar.
The Contractor shall use grout checks at all horizontal construction joints and shall
adoptsuchotherapprovedexpedients,[Link],polyestercrack
fillerinjoints, ortapingofjoints,asmaybenecessarytoobtainsatisfactoryresultsat joints
in form work.
InternalMetalTiesforFormwork
Where internal metal ties are permitted, their removable parts shall be extracted
without damage to the concrete and the remaining holes shall be carefully pressure
grouted using epoxy grout. No permanently embedded metal part shall have less
cover than that indicated for adjacentsteelreinforcement.
Internalmetaltiesinfairfacedconcreteworkshallbearrangedinanapproved neat, regular,
consistent pattern throughout the work.
Details of internal metal ties shall be submitted to the Engineer in Charge for
approval well in advance prior to their use in the works.
The CLIENT/ may at his discretion allow the Contractor to use tie-bolts running
through the concrete and the Contractor shall decide the location and size of suchtie-
bolts in consultation with the Engineer in Charge. Holes left in the concrete by these
tie-bolts shall be filled as specified by the Engineer in Charge at no extra cost. No
through tie will be permitted in allliquid / earth retaining walls/ slabs,basement walls
etc.
HolesinFormWork
When holes are to be provided in formwork for pipes, weep holes and the like, shall
be neatly trimmed to accommodate the pipe and caulked with an approved material
to form a grout-tight joint.
SlopingFormWork
When concrete is to be deposited to a steeper slope than 15o from the horizontal top
forms shall be used to enable the concrete to be properly
[Link]/Sleeves/GIPuddleFlanges
Whererequired in external walls, retaining walls andlike structural elements, castin
pipes and sleeves shall be fixed securely in place and shall be provided with GI
puddle flanges and hydrophiliccaulkingcompoundsasspecifiedonthedrawings
The Contractor shall fix pipe sleeves and inserts or box out to form holes and chases
to specified size and incorrect positions before placing concrete. Hardened concrete
shall not becut to provide holes or chases without prior approval. Where reinforcement
passes through form work, the form work shall be designed and constructed to
maintain the reinforcement in it correctpositionandtominimizeleakageofconcrete
orgrout.
ApprovalofFormWork
For each concrete pour requiring form work propping, the Contractor shall submit to
the Engineer in Charge, well in advance prior to commencement of form work and
propping, details and / or calculations of all proposed form work and props, along
withadetailedprogramme the work. Such approval,if given, shall in no way relieve
the Contractor of hisresponsibility for the safety or adequacy of such form work for
itspurposes.
ClassificationofFormworkwithrespecttoitsintendedusage

27
 Contractorshallnotethatthesystemofform work for itsintendedusageproposedin
theBOQ shall be adheredto. For all theform work systems coveredin BOQsuch as
TABLA, MIVAN, DOKA or Equivalent etc. Contractor shall submit the detailed
methodology based on the manufactures recommendations for structural and all
other type of loading conditions, including submission of shop drawings and its
approval for which theformwork system shall be designed,
[Link] system demo and site visits for such system
display, mock-ups and the corrective measures suggestions on such systems by the
Engineer in Charge shall be implemented and adhered to.
SurfaceTreatmentforFormWork
The inside surface of forms, except for permanent form work, or unless otherwise
agreed by the Engineer in Charge, shall be coated with an approved material to
prevent adhesion of the concrete.
Surface retarders or release agents shall not be used without prior approval. Release
agents shall not be used where surface treatments require bonding adhesives to be
applied. Mould oils or release agents shall be of a type, which shall have no adverse
effect to concrete and, on any finishes, to be applied to the concrete or on the
appearance of fair faced concrete. Release agents shall be applied strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shallnotcomeintocontactwith
reinforcement or pre-stressing tendons. Different release agents shall not be used in
formwork to concrete, which shall be visible in the finished works.
Care should be taken that moulds oils or release agents do not accumulate at the
bottom of form work. If the form work is not used within 24 hours, a further coat of
moulds oil orrelease agent shall beappliedbeforecastingtheconcrete.
CleaningofFormWork
 All rubbish, particularly chippings, shavings and sawdust shall be removed from
[Link] caseofdeep
sectionsanopeningshallbeleftatthebasetoenablesuch cleaning to be adequately
completed.
 TheContractor shallprovidecompressed air jetand/or awaterjetfreefrom any oil or
other contamination for the cleaning of form work.
InspectionofFormwork
Concreting shall not commence until the Engineer in Charge has had an opportunity
to inspect the form work and any enclosed reinforcement and given his approval to
commence concreting. The erection, casing and striking of the form work shall be
doneunder thepersonal supervision ofacompetentforeman.
StrippingofFormWork
Form work shall be stripped with the approval of the Engineer in Charge at such a time
and in such a manner without disturbing, damaging or overloading the finished concrete
work or thestructure.
TheContractorshallinformtheEngineerinChargebeforeremovalofanyformwork. The
time minimum periods between completion of any concreting and removal of forms
as given below:
Innormalcircumstances formsshallnotbereleaseduntiltheconcretehasachieveda
strength ofatleasttwicethestresstowhichtheconcretemaybesubjectedasthetime of
removal ofform work inaccordance toclauseno.11.3of IS:456-2000.
Table3
Minimum MinimumPeriod
TypeofFormwork Per Beforestriking form work
iod (For concrete made using
Beforestrikingform Cement other than OPC or
work (For Concrete Using mineral admixtures
made using OPC) like Fly Ash and Slab)
a)Verticalformworktocolumns,walls,beams 16 - 24h 16 - 24h
b)Soffitformworktoslabs(propstoberefixed
immediately after removal of formwork) 3days 7days

28
c)Soffitformworktobeams(propstoberefixed
immediately after removal of formwork) 7days 10days
d) Propstoslabs:
1) Spanningupto4.5m 7days 10days
2) Spanningover4.5m 14days 14days
e) Propstobeamsandarches:
1) Spanningupto6.0m 14days 14days
2) Spanningover6.0m 21days 21days

Forothercementsandlowertemperature,thestrippingtimerecommendedabovemay be
suitably modified inconsultation withtheStructuralEngineer.
Adverse weather conditions or different cement may cause the above periods to be
[Link] case, the Contractorwish to reduce these striking times, he mustsatisfy
the Engineer in Charge that the strength of the concrete at such time and the
structural system is adequate to withstand the dead and imposed loads applied to it.
Before reducing the striking times, the Engineer in Charge agreement shall be
obtained in writing.
Incaseofspecialstructures,suchasshells,foldedplates,etc.,thesequenceofremoval
offormsshallbeasperdrawingsorasdirectedbytheEngineerinCharge.
Incaseofcantileverslabs,theremovalofformsshallbeginfromtheouteredge and
proceedtowardsthesupport,whereasinthecaseofslabssupportedon two/four sides,
theremoval of formsshall begin from centreto supports. Form work to cantilevers
shallbe removedonlywiththeapprovaloftheEngineerinCharge.
Formwork props shall be positioned between permanent supports such that the
members aresupported atmaximum 3m centre-centreinbothdirections.
When, in the opinion of the Engineer in Charge, the striking of formwork should be
detrimental toor mayprejudicethesafetyof the structure,the formwork shall be left
[Link] Contractor shall be responsible for the demolition and re-concreting of any
[Link] epoxy for
bonding fresh concrete shall be carried out as directed by the Engineer in Charge at
noextra cost.
If thepropsaretobe leftin placewhilstthe soffitformsto slabsandbeamsareto be
removed,thepropsshallbesodesignedastoremaininpositionthroughout the striking
process without having to be temporarily removed. The use of props designed sothat
afewcan be takenawayat a time and replaced immediatelyshall be subject to the
Engineer in Chargerapproval.
Noconstructionloadsshallbesupportedfromanyun-shoredportionofthe

29
 structure [Link]
instructedbythe Engineerin Charge accordingto thedesignloadsofsuchfloors.
AluminumFormwork(ALF)Requirements
a) The design, engineering, and construction of the formworkare the responsibility of
theContractor.FormworkshallbedesignedinaccordancewithIS14687andIS
[Link]:
 Formwork designing by the Turney Contractor design team/firm;Ordering and
procurement of the same;
 Fabricationofshutteringpanels,ifnecessary;
 [Link]. It
shallbedesigned for the anticipatedloads, lateral pressures, and stresses. Itshould also
becapableof withstandingthepressuresresulting fromplacement andvibration
ofconcrete.
The Aluminum Formwork (ALF) system, if adopted, shall be of proven technology
and ofa renowned proprietary firm. The system should be able to form all of the critical
concrete elements to produce a monolithic shear wall structure including, but not
limited to; walls, floor slabs, columns, beams, stairs, window hoods, balconies and
various decorative features accordance with the Contractor’s design team/firm’s
design in exact.
The contractor shall allow sufficient time in his approved programme/schedule for
procurement of the Aluminum formwork system (placing order, manufacture and
shipment).The Contractor shall submit the details of the formwork system selected
for procurement, including shop drawings (sizes, dimensions, numbers, floor plan
configuration assigned, etc.) including manufacturer, location of manufacturer,
deliveryschedules,andotherpertinentdata totheEngineerforreviewaminimumof 4
weeks prior to placing the order.
The basic element of Aluminum formwork is the panel which is a framework of
extruded Aluminum sections, welded to an Aluminum sheet. This shall produce
lightweight panel with a proper stiffness to weight ratio, yielding minimaldeflections
under concrete loading. Panels shall be manufactured in standard sizes with non-
standard elements produced to the required size and shape to suit the project
requirements. The panels shall be made from ahighstrengthAluminum alloy with the
face or contact surface of the panel, from 4 mm thick plate, which is welded to a
framework of specially designed extruded sections to form a robust component.

The Use of Aluminum Formwork (ALF) shall comply with the following
requirements
a. Sourceofsupplyofallaggregates/concrete/bricks/solid&hollow blocks
b. All ALF formwork shall be designed and deployed specifically for Turnkey
project requirements.
c. Given that ALF formwork has an expected design life, the contractor shall
monitor the iterations (number of repetitions) of the formwork used, and the
Contractor shall maintain a log and history of the same.
d. If or when a piece or element of formwork is found tobe damaged, producing
unacceptable quality finishes orotherwise unacceptable, it shall be replaced and
taken out of service immediately.
e. The formwork design shall be carried out by professional design team/firm to
provide a complete service embracing all aspects ofarchitectural,structuraland
building services design.
f. The formwork shall be designed and constructed to the shapes, lines and
dimensions shown on the Contractor’s final drawings, Design of formwork shall
take account of safety and surface finish. The formwork shallbe manufactured
out of Aluminum (as per the manufacturers specifications), sufficiently rigid and
tight to prevent loss of grout or mortar from the fresh concrete.

30
 g. The formwork shall be designed to make full use ofthe structural efficiencies and
operational advantages gained from this method of concrete structure
construction.
h. Formwork shall be designed to withstand the worst combination of self-weight,
reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight, concrete pressure, construction and
wind loads together with dynamic effect caused by placing, vibrating and
compaction of the concrete.
i. Forms shall be designed and constructed to maintain rigidity throughout the
placing, ramming, vibration and setting of the concrete to the required shape,
position and level and specified class of finish withinthe allowabletolerances.
j. All joints shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of grout. Due regard shall
be taken to the type of mix when considering the design pressure on the
formwork.
k. ALF elements shall be kept neat and clean and free from build-up of concrete.
Erection of ALF Formwork. The formwork consists of High strength special
Aluminum alloy components. All components are fitted together and erected
using simple pin and wedge system.
The panels shall be held in position by a simple pin &wedge thatpass-through holes
in the outside rib of each panel. The panels shall fit precisely, securely and require
no bracing. Walls shall be held together with high strength wall ties, while decks are
supported by beams andprops.
Trial erection of the formwork shall be carried out in factory conditions by the
manufacturer to ensure that all components are correctly manufactured, and no
components are missed, and they are numbered and packed in such a way to make
siteerectionveryeasy.TheContactorwillnotifytheEngineeraminimumof3weeks prior
tothe trial erectionso that theEngineerand/orEmployer mayviewandinspect
[Link] withtheEngineer’sand/orEmployer’straveland
inspection of the formwork shall be borne by the Contractor. With Aluminum
formwork, a high quality of finished formed surface can be achieved using
Aluminum panels eliminating the plastering. Direct application of skim coatingof
puttyshall offer a perfect finish to TheExternal andInternal Walls.
StrippingofFormwork
Formsshall notbestruckoffuntiltheconcretehasreachedstrengthatleasttwicethe stressto
which the concrete may be subjected at the time of removal of formwork. The time
schedule or period after which the formwork can be removed shall be as indicated by
the Tenkey structural consultant.
Immediately after stripping the formwork, all concrete elements shall be inspected
carefully. Anydefectiveareasintheconcretesurfaceshallberectifiedor madegood
expeditiously before the concrete hasproperly cured.

ReuseofForms
The Contractor shall obtain permission for reusing of forms. Before reuse, all forms
shall be thoroughly scraped, cleaned, all nails and adhering substances removed,
holes and leaks satisfactorily plugged, joints examined and wherever necessary
repaired and insidesurfaces treated asspecified hereinbefore.
Form work materials shall be cleaned after use and maintained in good condition.
Any timber which has shrunk, warped or split and any forms which are damaged to
such an extent as to weaken the form or to affect the quality or appearance of the
concrete shall be replaced or repaired. If the strength and composition of the form
work has so far deteriorated dueto repeatedusesthatintheopinionofthe
EngineerinChargeitwillnolongeradequately perform its function, then it shall not be
used again and is to be removed fromsite.
NominalCovertoReinforcementNominalCover
Nominal cover is the design depth of concrete cover to all steel reinforcement,
including links. It is the dimension used in design and indicated in the drawings. It
shall be not less than thediameterofthelargestbar atthatparticularface.

31
Nominalcovertomeetdurabilityrequirement.
Minimumvaluesforthenominalcoverofnormal-weightaggregateconcrete which should
be provided to all reinforcement, including links depending on the
conditionofexposure described given in Table 16 of IS 4562000
Table4
Table16ofIS4562000NominalCovertoMeetDurabilityRequirements.

Exposure Nominal ConcreteCover in mm

notless than
Mild 20
Moderate 30
Severe 45
VerySevere 50
Extreme 75
Cover to Reinforcement for specific structural elements shall be as mentioned in the
Structural GFC Drawings
FormedFinishesforConcreteGeneral
Where a sawn form work finish is specified or in all cases where no
alternativefinishis
specified,thesurfaceoftheconcreteshallbenoworsethanthatobtainedby the use of
properly designed moulds of close jointed swan boards. Small surface
blemishescausedbyentrappedair will bepermitted but the surface should befree of
voids, honey combing or other defects.
Should any concrete in the works, in the opinion of the Engineer in Charge, fail to
match the standard sampleinsurfacefinishthentheEngineerin Charge mayforthis
solereasonordertheremovalofallsuchsubstandardconcretewhichshallbereplaced with
acceptable concrete

32
SamplesofFinishes
For all specified finishes apart from sawn form work the Contractor shall provide a
sample panel at least 2.4m x 1.2m in vertical surface area including a typical
horizontal and verticaljoint intheformworkandtheconstructiontechniquesthatthe
Contractorproposesfor theactual works. The sample when approved shall form the
standard for the entire works. All unsuccessful samples shall be removed from the
site.
FairFacedFinish(F1)
Where fair faced finish (F1) is specified the irregularities of the finish shall be no
greater than those obtained from the use of wrought thickness square edged boards.
The boards shall be arrangedinauniform patterasspecified or approved.
The concrete surface shall be smooth, free from fins, lipping’s, board marks or other
[Link] orvoids
shall occur and there shall be no staining and nodis-coloration. The finishis intended
to be left as struck and the only treatment generally permitted is light manual
abrasionwith acarborundum stonetoremoveminor marks. Patchingof any description
will not normally be permitted.
Isolated blow holes not exceeding 10mm diameter will be permitted, but otherwise
surface is to be free from voids, honey combing or other large defects. Small defects
shall be made good and blow holes filled with mortar specially mixed to match the
colour and texture of the concrete.
Abrupt irregularities shall not exceed 2mm.
Rough Board Finish (F0)
Where rough board finish (F0) is specified, it shall be produced using form workor
form work linings of approved rough textured seasoned wood boards with moisture
contentof between 10% and 20%. These boards to be of varying textures and to be
arranged to give uniform overall effect. Boards shall be assembled to prevent
penetration or loss of grout between them. Gaps greater than 5mm shall be filled.
Form work shall be soaked with water before erecting and shall be kept damp until
concrete is placed. Cover spacers and bolts shall be positioned to the satisfaction of
the Engineer in Charge.
Thenumberofusesofformworkliningswillbelimitedtotheirabilitytoprovidethe
requiredfinish.
The finish shall be left as struck. Any blemishes shall not be made good until
inspected by the Engineer in Charge. After inspection minor voids and irregularities
on surfaces shall be filled with a matching mortar to the Engineer-in-Charge’s
approval, using a sponge rubber faced float. Discolorationwillnotbepermitted.
WorkedSurfaceFinish
Thesurface of concrete after casting shall be generally be finished levelor tofalls as
specifiedwith oneofthefollowing surfacefinishesasindicated onthedrawings.
Type U1: The concrete shall be uniformly levelled and screeded to produce a plain surface.
No further work shall be carried out to the surface unless it is to be used as a first
stage for a type U2 or U3 finish.
TypeU2:Aftertheconcretehasstiffenedsufficiently,thetypeU1finishshallbefloated by hand or
machine sufficiently just to produce a uniform surface free from screed marks.
Type U3 :When the surface moisture has disappeared and the concrete stiffenedsufficiently
to prevent laitance from being worked to the surface, a Type U1 finish shall be steel
trowelled under firm pressure to produce a dense, smooth uniform surface free from
trowelmarks.
Thefollowingmethodsmayalsobespecifiedinconjunctionwiththeabovetoprovide
specific qualities of finish.
Wood float to give an even textured surface Steel trowel or power float to give a
smooth un-textured surface Scratch with a stiff brush to give a slightly roughened
eventextureTampwiththeedgeofaboardtogiveaneventextureofparallelribs

33
 otherfinishesasspecifiedandexecutedinanapprovedmanner.
The Contractor shall not wet the concrete surface to assist working and shall not add
cement to produce the specified finish without the prior approval of the Engineer in
Charge.
Construction,ContractionandExpansionJoints
In large pours, it is practically not possible to carry on concreting continuously.
Hence construction joints shall be provided. Location of construction joint shall be
submitted by the contractorforapprovaloftheEngineerinCharge(alljointsshallbe
appliedwithNit bondSBR or approved equivalent make). Such joints shall be kept to
a minimum. The joints shall be at places where shear force is nil or minimum and
theseshallbe straightandatright anglestothe directionofthemainreinforcement.
Stop ends provided shall be with necessary slots for reinforcement bars to passfreely
without bending or any other obstruction. Also, a trapezoidal fillet nailed on
stopboardshallbe [Link] and truly
vertical orhorizontal.
Before commencement of concrete, adjacent concrete stopper and surfaces shall be
chipped and roughened to expose aggregate, then wire brushed and cleaned. The
concretesurface shallbesprayedwithwaterfor24hoursbeforecastingandkeptwet
untilcasting.
Truehorizontaljointsshallalsobeprovidedwithakeyedjointbyinserting planed
greasedtimber.
Preparedjointshallbetreatedasabovepriortothestartoffreshconcreting.
For vertical joints cement slurry admixed with SBR shall be applied. The slurry can
be prepared by mixing 1 part of SBR with 1 litre of water, 3 kg of cement in
pourable consistency shall be applied just before concreting of Horizontal and
vertical joints.
Cleargapshallbemaintainedbetweenallstructuralelementsasmentionedindrawing at all floors.
Filler material orsheetoverlaps aboveEJ shall befilled withflexiblematerialasper
specifications with min. compressible & elongation values mentioned in drawing.
These fillers or overlaps shall be designed to allow movements as mentioned in
drawings.
All services likepipes, ducts, hangings etc. shall be designed to allow movementsas
specifiedabove.
Waterproofing onEJshallbecoordinated bycontractor withvendors&share details to
design for review before execution.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the position and detail of construction joints
not specified in the Contract subject to the Indicative acceptable spacing given in
Table3 (below). Such joints shall be arranged so as tominimize the possibility of the
occurrenceof shrinkagecracks.
All soffits of slabs, retaining wall inner surfaces need not be plastered for which all
exposedjointsshallberenderedwithgrey&whitecementandquarrydustmixed inthe
proportion of 1:1:1 with the use of gunnybags.
Table5-IndicativeAcceptableSpacingofConstructionJoints
Element Maximum Minimum
Area(m2) Dimension(m)

Waterproofconcretewalls 25 5
Waterproofconcreteslabs 100 10
Slabswithmajorrestraintatbothends 100 13
Slabswithmajorrestraintatoneendonly 250 20

34
 Slabswithlittlerestraintinanydirection 500 30
Walls(otherthanabove) 40 10
 Vertical construction joints shall be properly made to form a vertical grout tightjoint.
Where reinforcementpassesthroughthefaceofthejointthestoppingoffboard shall be
drilled sothatthebarspassthrough,ortheboardshallbemadein sectionswithhalfround
indentationsinthejointfacesfor eachbar.
 Where the contractor’s proposed construction joints result in alterations to
reinforcements he shall provide full revised details for the Engineer in Charge
approval a minimum14 workingdayspriortocommencementoftheworks.
 The Contractor shall furnish the upper surface of lifts of concrete walls and columns
horizontalandcleantheformworkofadheringconcretebeforethenextliftisplaced.
 At all construction joints, both horizontal and vertical, the surface of the previously
placedconcreteshallbesuitablytreatedtoremovelaitanceandtoexposethe coarse
aggregate thus forming an irregular surface key for adjacent concrete. This work
shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Engineer in Charge by the following or
other approved methods (in either case the surface shall thoroughly washed and
cleaned after roughening).
 After the initial set has takenplace butbeforefinal set(a minimum period of12-16
hours aftercasting)thecoarseaggregateshallbeexposedbytheuseofwaterjetand stiff
brushing or an air-and-water jet.
 After final set has taken place the
laitanceshallberemovedandcoarseaggregateshallbeexposedbybush hammering taking
carenottoloosenthe aggregate inthefaceoftheconcretematrix.

 Atleast72hoursshallbeleftbetweencompletionofconcreting onebayandthestart of
concreting any adjacent bay.
 Panels of walls and slabs shall be cast in such asequence as to minimize and control
theeffect of shrinkage at construction joints.
 Form work to construction joints shall be rigid and shall accommodate projecting
reinforcement without bending or displacement.
 Wherekickersarecastatbaseofwallsandcolumns,theseshallbecastmonolithically with
the base slab with concrete from batching plant. No hand mix concrete shall be
used.
 ifplacingofconcretehastobeunexpectedlystopped,theContractorshallform construction
joints as directed by the Engineer in Charge. The concreting shall be resumed before
initial setting time of concrete in place. Otherwise the initial settingtime exceeds, the
area shall be treated as construction joint with SBR slurry application to concrete to
continue.
 ContractionjointsandExpansionjointsshallbeformedasdetailedwereshownonthe
Drawings.
 Concrete shall not be placed on both sides of Contraction or Expansion joint at
thesametime.
 Water stops shall be provided at all construction joints in water retaining structures.
The details of all suchjointsshall be approved bythe Engineer inCharge.
ConcreteMixes
General
Reference shall be made to concrete mixes as Nominal mix concrete or Designed
Mix concrete. Nominal mix concrete is denoted by proportions of cement, fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate such as 1:5:10, 1:4:8, 1:3:6 or 1:2:4. The proportion
referred to is by weight (mass). Designed mix concrete is denoted by grade such as
M-20, M-25, M-30, M-35 etc. where M refers to mix and the number to the
characteristic strength of concrete in N/mm2 to be established by 28 days of 15 cm
works cube tests. The particular mix to be used shall beas describedintheContract or
on the Drawings.

35
  ThecharacteristicstrengthofDesignedMixconcretewithanytypeofcementshall be
the28dayscubestrengthbelowwhichnotmorethan5%ofthetestresultsareexpectedtofall.
 The quality and strength of concrete shall be determined by test on samples taken on
Site from the member during concreting and tested at an approved Laboratory as
directed by the Engineer in Charge.
 The maximum size of aggregate for structural work shall generally be 20 mm. For
thin sections and where reinforcement is congested, 10 mm aggregate may be
approved or required. For large sections where the reinforcement is widely spaced
and for mass concrete, 40mm aggregatemaybeapproved.
 Thefreewater/cementratiowillgenerallybechosentosuitstrengthandworkability
requirements but may be limited by the considerations of durability given in Table 6
(below).
 The cement content not including fly ash and blast furnace slag in excess of 450
kg/m3 should not be used unless special consideration has been given in design
totheincreasedriskofcrackingduetodryingshrinkageinthinsections,orto earlythermal
cracking and to the increased risk of damage due to alkali silica reactions.
TABLE-6
Table 5 of IS 456 2000 Minimum Cement Content, Maximum Water- Cement Ratio
and minimum Grade of Concrete for Different Exposures with Normal Weight
Aggregate of 20mm and Nominal Maximum size
S. Exposur PlainConcrete ReinforcedConcrete
N e Minimu Maximu Minimum Minimu Minimu Maximu
o m m Free Grade of m m m Free
Cement water concrete Cement Cement water
Content Cement Content Content Cement
Kg/m3 Ratio Kg/m3 Kg/m3 Ratio
1 Mild 220 0.60 - 300 0.55 M20
2 Moderate 240 0.60 M 15 300 0.50 M25
3 Severe 250 0.50 M 20 320 0.45 M 30
4 Very 260 0.45 M 20 340 0.45 M 35
Severe
5 Extreme 280 0.40 M 25 360 0.40 M 40
Notes: Cement content prescribed in this table is irrespective of the grades of cement and it
is inclusive of additions mentioned in 5.2.(IS 456 latest version ).The additions such
as fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slab may be taken into account in the
concrete composition with respect to cement content and water cement ratio if the
suitabilityis establishedandaslong as the maximum amounts taken into account do
not exceed the limit of Pozzolana and slag specified in IS 1489 (part-1) and IS 455 /
IS 16415respectively.
Higher Minimum Cement Content as mentioned in the above chart and the BOQ,
higher of the two for each case will prevail.
NominalMixConcrete
Nominal mix concrete shall normally be used only for plain cement concrete works
and less important reinforced concrete works were shown on drawings orspecifically
allowed by the Engineer in Charge. Such concrete shall not require preparation of
trial mixes and all such concrete shall be mixed in a mechanicalmixer. Proportions
for nominal mix concrete shall be according to Table-9 of IS: 456-2000. In addition,
standard proportion by volume shall be used wherever specified.
In proportioning concrete, the cement shall be measured by weight (mass). The
quantities of fine and coarse aggregates may be determined by volume (for
corresponding weight) but preferably by weight. If fine aggregates are moist, the
amountofsurfacewatershallbe [Link],anallowanceshallbemade for bulking
in case of volume batching, in accordance with IS:2386 (Part-III). The
weightofaggregateshallbemeasuredwhenthe [Link] be
made for the water content of moist aggregates. All the above data shall be
maintained properly,to the satisfaction ofthe Engineer in Charge.

36
Table-7

Table9ofIS4562000ProportionsforNominalMixConcrete
Gradeof Total Quantity of Dry Proportion of fine Quantity of
Concrete aggregatebyMassper50 aggregate to coarse water per 50
kg of cement, to be taken aggregate (by mass) kg of cement,
as the cum of the max1
Individualmassesoffine
M5 800 Generally, 1:2 but 60
M7.5 625 subject to an upper 45
limit of 1:1 ½ and
M10 480 alower limit of 1:21/2 34
M15 330 32
M20 250 30
DesignMixConcrete
Design mix shall be in accordance with IS: 456, IS: 10262 and SP: 23. The
Contractor shall design the mix and submit for the approval of the Engineer in
Charge. No concreting works shall be commenced without the approval of thedesign
mix of [Link] Contractor is responsible for the design of the concrete mix.
Gradesofconcrete lowerthanM- 15shallnotbeusedinreinforced concrete.
Mixes for each class of Designed Mix concrete specified or shown on the Drawings
shall be designed by the Contractor to achieve the specified minimum cube strength
combined with high density and adequate workability for the purpose. In order to
allow for unavoidable variation, the design strength shall exceed the specified
characteristic strength by twicethe expected standard deviation. In the absence of
previous information, the value ofstandard deviation given in the following Table 8
may be assumed (conforming to Table 8 of IS456 2000). Assumed values of
standard deviation shall only be used until sufficient data are available to determine
the standard deviation. Prior approval of the Engineer in Charge shall, however, be
obtained in the event of use of higher grade of design mix concrete notcovered
herein.
Table-8

Grade of Concrete AssumedStandardDeviation

(N/mm2)
M10 3.5
M15 3.5
M20 4.0
M25 4.0
M30 5.0
M35 5.0
M40 5.0
M45 5.0
M50 5.0
M60 5.0

Classes of Design Mix concrete will be referred to by the minimum 28 days Works
cube strength and by the maximum size of aggregate. Classes of concrete shall meet
the criteria. The maximum water / cement ratio is herein defined as the ratio of the
weightofthefree [Link]

37
 water available tocombine with the cement. Any water required to be absorbed by
aggregate is excluded. To keep the water-cement ratio to the designed value,
allowanceshallbemadeforthemoisturecontentsinbothfineandcoarseaggregates and
determination of the same in accordance with IS:2386 shall be made as frequently as
directed by the Engineer in Charge.
Details of any proposed mix design shall be forwarded to the Engineer in Charge for
hisapprovalinprinciplewellinadvancebeforethatclassofconcreteisrequiredtobe used
onthe [Link]:
a. Source,natureandgradingofcoarseandfineaggregates
b. Sourceofcement
c. Nominalmaximumsizeofaggregate
d. Cementcontent
e. Aggregate/cementratio
f. Water/cementratio
g. Designdensity
h. Designslumporcompactingfactor
i. Designstrength
j. Proposedadmixtures
k. Nominal grading details (tabular & graphical) of the combined aggregate
together with details of the proportions in which the fine and coarse aggregates
are combined.
l. Type of planttobe used andlocationifready-mixedoffsite. The cementitious
content of concrete shall be not less than the appropriate amount given in Table 5
of IS [Link] retainingstructures, the minimumcementcontentshall
conform to IS 3370. Minimum cement contents, from durability consideration,
or different exposures and sulphate attack shall be as given in Table-4 of IS:456
2000. In case, higher value is obtained from trial mix from strength
consideration, same shall be considered.
 Where a Designed mix is to be used, the Contractor shall carry out trial mixes to
determine the suitability of the proposed mix proportions for production of
concrete of the required quality, workability and computability for the location
specified. The Contractor shall prepare trial mixes on receipt of the Engineer in
Charge provisional approval of the mix design and complete well before
commencement of concreting. Failure on the part of the Contractor to do soand
theconsequentdelayinthecompletionoftheworkswillnotentitlehimfor any
compensation whatsoever, eitherfinanciallyorbywayofextensionoftime.
 Theproportions,oncedecidedfordifferentgradesofconcrete,shallbeadheredto,
during all concreting operations as long as the quality of the materials does not
change.
Eachbatchofconcreteshallbesampledandthefollowingprepared.
a. six150mmcubesthreefortestat7days,andthreefortestat28days
b. threeslumptests(fordesignslumpgreaterthan25mm)or
c. Threecompactingfactortests(fordesignslumplessthan25mm).
d. Variations in the proportions and sources of materials or in the type, size and
gradingof aggregatesforapprovedmixesshallnotbemadewithouttheconsentof the
Engineer in Charge.
e. When blended cement / composite cement are used for making concrete
additional cube sample shall be taken to check the strength at 56 days.

MixingandTransportingConcrete:
 Allmaterialsforconcreteshallbemeasuredasperapproveddesignmixbyweightin
approved weight batching equipment of adequate capacity. Such equipment shall be
checked at weekly intervals at the Contractor’s expense and shall be accurate to
within2%. Certificatesof accuracy shallbesubmittedimmediatelytotheEngineerin
Charge.

38
  In case of space constraints, the Contractor shall arrange for procurement of Ready-
MixconcreteofapprovedDesignmixandfromapprovedbrandorplantofRMC
(conforming to IS 4926)withnecessarywrittenconsentfromEngineerinCharge.
 Concrete shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer. The mixer should comply with IS:
1791 and IS: 12119. The mixers shall be fitted with water measuring (metering)
devices. The mixing shall be continued until there is a uniform distribution of the
materials and the mass in uniform in colour and consistency. If there is segregation
afterunloadingfromthemixer,theconcrete should be remixed. In case of an RMC, the
Contractor shall ensure that the travel time for transportation of concrete from
sourcetositeshallbesuitably designed to achieve the required workability during the
placement. The Contractor shall
[Link],
[Link], no
retarders shall be added.
 A water / cement ratio shall be maintained to produce concrete of adequate
workability. The workability of fresh concrete shall be at the discretion of the
Contractor but subject to approval by the Engineer in Charge and shall be the
minimumconsistentwith producingadense, [Link] be
paid to the size and shape of the section together with any congestion of
reinforcement. A guide to the degree of workability required for various types of
work is shown in Table 10(below).
 TheslumpforconcreteasdeterminedbyslumptestsasperIS: 1199shallnotexceed the
maximum slumps indicated in Table 9 below for each type of construction using
high frequency vibration unless otherwise approved or directed by the Engineer in
Charge. The Contractor shall not place concrete having a slump outside the limits
specified without the approval of the Engineer in Charge. At least one slump test
shall be made for every compressive strength test carried out. More frequent tests
shall be made if there is a distinct change in job conditions, or if required by the
Engineer in Charge

Table 9

Nature of Work Slumpinmm

Concrete ability TypeofConstruction
Min. Max.
Conventional Medium 75 125 AllRCCworks

Pumpable High 100 175 AllRCCworks.

 The mix shall be designed with high workability considering height of pour ensuring
cohesive mix with approval of Engineer-in-charge
 All materials shall be thoroughly mixed dry before water is added and the mixing of
each batch shall continue for a period of not less than two minutes after the water is
added or such longer period as recommended by the manufacturer of the mixer. The
mixture shall be of uniform colour and distribution on discharge and the entire
contentsofthemixershallbe dischargedwithout segregationbefore recharging. The
volume of mixed material shall not exceedtheratedcapacity ofthemixer.

 Volumebatchingofmaterialsandhandmixingofconcretewillbeallowedonlyatthe
[Link] approved, handmixingofconcreteshall
bedone [Link] than
three times dry, water shall then be sprayed on through a hose and the materials
againturnedovernotlessthanthreetimesinasetconditionandworkedtogetheruntil a
mixture of uniform consistency isobtained.
 Forhandmixedorvolumebatchedconcretethespecifiedquantitiesofcementshall

39
 be increased by 10 per cent and not more than 0.5 cubic metre shall be mixed at one
[Link]
extracostofhand mixing by reason of the additional cement or otherwise. However,
the extra cement shallbe consideredforreconciliationpurposes.
WorkabilityofConcrete
Theconcretemixproportionschosenshouldbesuchthattheconcreteisof adequate
workability for the placing conditions and can properly be compacted with the
means available. Workability of concrete shall be measured in accordance with
Designed value as per IS 1199. The workability of mix can vary within 1/3rd of
designed value.

The moisture content of the coarse and fine aggregates shall be checked by the
Contractor at frequent intervals and the amount of water added to the mix shall be
adjusted to maintain the design workability. For the determination of moisture
content in the aggregates IS:2386 shall be referredto.

 Concrete shall be discharged from the mixer directly into the works or onto a clean,
level, watertight platform or into a clean watertight container. It shall be transported
as rapidlyas practicable in a manner which ensures that it is of the correct quality and
consistency atthe [Link] platforms and containersshall be cleaned of
the old concrete beforethefreshconcreteisdischarged ontothem.
 Conveying equipment for concrete shall be mortar tight, well maintained and
thoroughly cleaned before commencement of concrete mixing. Concrete shall be
transported by transitmixers.
 Concreteshallnotbedroppedfromaheight,thrownorotherwisetreatedsothat
segregation,un-desirablefinishes,[Link]
maximumdrop shall be2.4m unless otherwiseapprovedbytheEngineerinCharge. For
greater heights the mix designed with adequate cohesiveness considering height of
fall and same shall be approved by Engineer-in-charge. Noextra watershall
beaddedtothe concretemix afterithasleft thebatching plant. The Contractor shall
takeadequate precautions toprotect concrete intransit from the effects of theweather.
 Pumping of concrete, which will require a special Design Mix, will only bepermitted
withthe approval of the Engineer in Charge. The Engineer in Charge shall also
review the entire scheme for which comprehensive details shall be furnished by
theContractor.
 Pumpingoperationwhenevercommencedshallproceedcontinuouslysoastoprevent
"cold" joints between placed sec The delivery line of the pump shall be of 100 mm
diameter or greater and the pump shall be capable of pumping concrete containing a

40
 [Link].
 The pump shall have a receiving hopper and pumping chamber capableofdisplacing
at least 15 cu. Metres of concrete per hour against a horizontal delivery head of
atleast90metres and/or averticaldelivery head of 20 metres.
 Pumping lines shall be of approved metallic type laid to avoid bends. The Joints in
pumping lines shall besealed tight to preventleakages.
 Pulsating lines shall be isolated from the structure and shall be supported from the
deck on stands.
 The feet of such stands shall be placed on timbers or similar material to prevent
movement of the line and stand scuffing the deck. Timbers shall not be embedded in
finished work. Stands shall bekept clear of reinforcement.
 All equipment,pump chamber, hoppers,lines and rubber hosesshall bekeptclean at all
times. Any build-up in the lines of material from previous operations shall be
cleaned out preparatory to pumping.
 In the event of a breakdown in the equipment causing delay not exceedingtwenty
minutes, during which time concrete cannot be placed, the followingprocedures shall
be carried out with the approval of the Engineer in Charge at site the concrete
already in placeshallhavethe"wetedges" maintainedbydepositingsmallquantities of
hand mixed concrete placed by hand against the "wet edge" and vibrated into the
mass.

 The concrete shall be discarded if initial setting of the concrete has begun in the
hopper or discharge lines.
 All lines shall be cleaned free of concrete prior to resumption of pumping after each
breakdown Concrete in the lines shall be pumped at approximately eight (8) minute
intervalsto ensure the concrete in the line is live, whenever delivery of concrete to
the pump is delayed. This pumping interval shall be reduced to five (5) minutes
during extra hot weatherconditions.
 Deliverylineswereexposedtohotsun,shallbeprotectedbycoveringwithbags, wet
Hessian or other approved means.
Should the concreting be stopped due to mechanical malfunction, accident, or other
similarcausethentheContractorshallinformtheEngineerinChargeimmediatelyso that
necessary measures and precautions can be taken. The cost of any additional work
caused by these stoppagesshallbetheresponsibilityoftheContractor.
No concreting shall be commenced until the form work and reinforcement andall
other preparations for the pour have been inspected by the Engineer in Charge who
shallbe given a minimum 24 hours’ notice.

PlacingandCompactingConcrete
 Thepouringofconcreteatvariousheightsshallbeat0.00mto4.50m,4.50mto7.00m and
7.00m to 12.50m.
 Concrete shall be transported and placed by an approved method which ensures that
there shallbeno contamination,segregationorlossoftheconstituent materials.
 If concrete is placed by pumping, the consistency shall be the minimumnecessary for
such conveyance of concrete. Before commencement of regular pumping, the
pipeline shall be lubricated by cement mortar (1:2), and once pumping commences,
stoppages shall be avoided.
 All areas where concrete is to be placed shall be clean and rendered free from
standingwaterimmediatelybeforetheplacingofconcrete,exceptforconcreteplaced under
water.
 Concrete shall not be placed in foundations on soft areas or where there is standing
waterordebris.Suchsoftareasshallberemovedandfilledwith1:4:8/1:3:6

41
 nominalmixconcrete,asdirectedbytheEngineerinCharge
 For rock surfaces, it shall be ensured that the rock is not unsound. On slopingrock
faces, rough steps or benches shall be formed and concrete shall not be placed on a
[Link],therocksurfaceshallbecleanedwith a high-
pressure water and air jet and kept wet for three hours. Also, before placing concrete,
water shallbe removed from depressions, the rock surface shall be dried
anda10mmthickcementsandmortar(1:6)layershallbeplacedandworked into all
crevices, cracks, depression, etc. Pouring of foundation concrete on rock surfaces
where required, shall be done with rebar rock anchoring for the calculated depth as
per the standard drawings to meet the structural requirement andfixing the rebar with
approved grouting compound.
 Concreteshallnotbeplacedinanypartofthestructureuntilapprovalhasbeengiven, and
ifconcreting is not started within 24 hours of that approval being given, approval
shall be obtained again. Approval by the Engineer in Charge of any of the materials
and / or work as required herein shall not relieve the Contractor of his obligation to
produce finished concrete in accordance with the drawings and specifications.
 Concreting shall proceed continuously between predetermined construction joints
and shall rise uniformly in the form work at a rate of not less than 2m per hour.
Concreteshall not be placed directly against a vertical form face but shall be caused
toflowtothissurfaceduringthecompactionprocess. UnlesstheEngineerinCharge agrees
otherwise, fresh concrete shall not be placed against in-situ concrete which has been
in position beyond initial setting time, unless the in-situ concrete has been kept damp
with a layer of wet hessian and protectedfromtheweather.
 When in-situ concrete hasbeeninplacebeyond initial setting timeor in the opinion of
the Engineer in Charge
theconcretehasstiffenedtosuchanextentthatitnolongerrespondstothe actionofan
internal vibrator, shall be treated with SBR as per construction joint and concrete can
continue.
 Concreteshallbecompactedinitsfinalpositionwithin30minutesofdischargefrom
themixerunlessitiscarriedincontinuouslyoperatingpurposemadeagitators when the
applicable time shall be within 2 hours of the introduction of water to the mix and
within 60 minutes of discharge from the agitator. Concrete, which in the
opinionoftheEngineerin Chargenolongersufficientlyworkable,shallberejected.
 All concrete shall be vibrated unless otherwise specified. Experienced operatives
using immersion type vibrators to the Engineer in Charge satisfaction shall carry out
the vibration.
 Internalvibratorsshalloperateatnotlessthan10000cyclesperminuteand external
vibrators not less than 3000 cycles per minutes. Vibrating tables operatingat a
minimum of 5000 oscillations per minute may be used for pre-cast elements subject
to approval. Do not use external clamp-on type vibrators without prior approval.
Placing of concrete shall be carried out in layers not exceeding 600 mm deep and in
sequence from one end of the form to theother.
 Placing of concrete shall be carried out in lifts not exceeding 3m in height. This
restrictionmaybereducedto2morlesswhencastingthinorcongestedsections at the
discretion of the Engineer in Charge. If directed, concreting of congested sections
shall be done with self-level concrete without extra cost. Also, shutter vibrator shall
be used to ensure uniformand honeycomb free concrete placement. For a single pour
of above 3 M, column shuttering with suitably placed window openings shall be
adopted for placement of concrete withoutseparationofaggregate due to high level
pour.
 Concrete in foundations and other underground work shall be protected from
contaminationby falling earth or rock during and afterplacing
 Sufficient vibrators shall be provided to correspond with the rate of placing of
[Link].

42
 StandbyvibratorsshallbeonSiteduringallconcreteplacing.
 Vibration shall not be allowed to disturb any recently placed concretethat has begun
set. Any water accumulating on the surface of newly placed concrete shall be
removedbyapprovedmeansandnofurtherconcreteshallbeplacedthereonuntilsuch water
is removed.
 Concrete shall be placed and compacted in such a way as to avoid disturbance tothe
[Link] lifts, the
reinforcement projecting above the lift being cast shall be supported to prevent
movementof the bars duringthe casting and setting ofconcrete.
 Vibration shall not be used as a means of distributing concrete into position, and
concreteshall notbe vibrated between 4and 24 hours afterplacing.
 Any concrete, which in the opinion of the Engineer in Charge shows signs of initial
setting before or during placing, shall not be used and it shall be removed at the
Contractor’s expense.
 The Contractor shall take special precautions when concreting in hot weather. Any
formworkmadeofconcrete,metalorothermaterialofhighthermalcapacityshallbe cooled
with water before concrete is placed against it. Curing of concrete shall commence
immediately after [Link] fromdirect radiation shall be in place within
30 minutes after final surfacetamping
 Suitable means shall be provided to ensure that the temperature of the concreteon
placing does not exceed 38 deg. C. Concrete shall not be placed around
reinforcement or against surfaces, which are at temperatures above 38 deg. C. All
surfaces shall be thoroughly dampenedimmediatelypriortoplacingfreshconcreteto
prevent excessive absorptionofwater bytheform work. If the ambient temperature is
greater than 38 deg C, suitable measures need to be taken as per IS 7861 Part-1.
 Special care shall be taken in accordance with IS: 456 while laying concrete under
extremeweather.
 Underwaterconcreteshallbeplacedinaccordancewiththerecommendationsgivenin BS8004 or
corresponding IS Code.
 While concreting, on opinion of the Engineer in charge, if it feels that the concreting
and compaction found very difficult / inconvenience due to closer reinforcement,
adequatevibratingsystemistobefollowed,especiallywithshuttervibratorinorderto
achieve the required level of compaction in concreting all at contractor’s own cost
and risk.

TestingofConcrete
Sampling
Forallstructuralconcretethefollowingrepresentativesamplesshallbetakenfor each
concreting dayand shall beused andtested by an accredited laboratory.
a. 150mmconcretetestcubes
b. Twoslumptests
c. Twocompactingfactortests

 The rate of sampling fresh concrete shall be at least that specified in Table 10IS: 456
and at least one sample shall be taken from each grade of concrete produced on any
one day.
 Atechnicallycompetentpersonshallsupervisethesamplingoffreshconcreteandthe
making of concrete test cubes.
 Additional test cubes of concretes shall be taken and placed near the area of
concreting of slabs. These cubes shall be made to experience the same conditions of
curingandenvironmental [Link] be
tested along with the laboratory samples to correlate with the strength ofconcrete
obtained atsite.

43
Table 10
Table11ofIS4562000 Reaffirmedin2021
CharacteristicCompressiveStrengthComplianceRequirement
Specified Mean of the Group of 4Non- Individual
Grade overlapping consecutive Test Test results
results in N/mm2 inN/mm2
>f ck + 0.825 x established
standard deviation (rounded off to
M15 nearest 0.50N/mm2) >fck-3
or N/mm2
fck+3N/mm2whicheverisgreater
>f ck + 0.825 x established
standard deviation (rounded off to
M nearest 0.5 N/mm2) >fck-3
20 or or N/mm2
above 2
fck+4N/mm whicheverisgreater

Thenames and qualificationsof thesupervisory personnelrepresenting theEngineer in

Charge and the Contractor respectively shall be entered into an inspection logbook.
All inspections shall be clearly recorded with date, time and location of inspections,
structure members references, names or personnel present and details of site
activities. The logbook shall be provided by the Contractor and kept on site by the
Engineer inCharge.
The supervisory personnel shall mark and sign on the concrete test cubes a unique
referencenumberandsufficientto allowthetestinglaboratorytoidentify clearlythe date
and time of casting and the position in which the batch of concrete (from which the
cube was made) was placed.
ConcreteTestCubes
o Make six cubes from a single sample taken from a batch of concrete selected at
random. Taken the sample at the point of discharge from the mixer, or elsewhere as
directed by the Engineer in Charge. Oncompletion of curing one set of three cubesis
tested for 7 days strength and the remaining tested for 28 days strength. The average
of the three resultsshall be taken as thetest result. If cementitious materials are used
and 28 day results is less than the required, 56 days results shall be adopted for
acceptance of strength of concrete.
o Thestrengthrequirementshallbeasperclauseno15.4&16.1ofIS:4562000.
o Acceptance criteria shall be based on test results on 28 days strength only subject to
clause 16.1 of IS: 456 2000.
o Thevariationbetweenthelowestandhighestshallnotbemorethan15%ofthe average of
thethree.
o In addition to the water tank curing method specified in IS-516, cubes may be cured
[Link] roomsareused,they shall
complywithASTMC511-75exceptthatthetemperatureshallbemaintainedat 270C +
30C.
o Ifconcreterepresentedbytestcubesinanyconcretingdayfailstomeetthe standard of
acceptance specified in accordance with the IS codes, the Engineerin Chargemay
orderthetakingofcoresamplesfromfinishedconcreteworkinsame at the contractor’s
expense. The locations of these cores to be taken shall be decided
byconcretingdayfortestthe EngineerinChargeThesecoresshallbe
treatedasin3.8.3below.

44
Concrete Test Cores: (Non-destructive testing on concrete will be carried out at the
discretion of the Engineer in Charge based on the cube test results and review of
concrete executed).
Concrete core samples, from the finished concrete work, shall be taken in the
locations directed by the Engineer in Charge.
Thediameter oftheconcretecores shouldbe150 mmfor 40mmaggregateconcrete,
100mmfor20mm(orsmaller)aggregateconcreteandmustnotbelessthan75
mm. Thelength of the test sample cutfrom the concretecore shall beat least95% of
the diameter.
All coring shall be completed within 7 working days of the date the instruction is
given by the Engineer in Charge, provided concrete age is 28 days.
Allcoresshallbedrilledandtestedbyanaccreditedlaboratory.
Cored holes shall be made good to the approval of the Engineer in Charge with
cement mortaror concreteof similar strength tothatoftheparent concrete.

In assessingtheresultsofcompressivetestsoncoresthe concreterepresentedbythe core

shall be deemed not to comply with the specification if the strength of the core
whenadjustedforlength/diameterratioandconvertedtoestimatedcubestrengthas
follows:
a. Theaverageresultofthecoresislessthan85%ofthespecifiedgradestrengthor
b. An individual result is less than 75% of the specified grade strength Concrete cores
should not show evidence of segregation of constituent materials Thereshouldbeno
honeycombing in the cores and the extent of the voids in the cores should not more
than “few” Cores shall not be tested for strength at ages less than 28 days and no
adjustment shall be made to the measured strength in respect of the age of the core
whentested.

TestingandTestRecord
 Theconcretecubestestedat7daysareintendedtobeindicativeonlyandthe target
[Link] thatit is unlikely
that cubes failing the 7 days target will subsequently pass the 28 days cube strength.
 Theconcretecubestestedat28daysshallbetakentorepresenttheconcreteplacedin
[Link] the
maximum load sustained by the cube [Link] supplementary cementitious materials
are used in concrete mix, which may lead to slow reaction in few cases, additional cubes
samples can be taken and tested at 56 days for acceptance.
 TheappropriatecompressivestrengthcompliancerequirementasgiveninTable11of IS:
456 2000 shall be considered to be satisfied if the test results comply with the
acceptancecriteria.

Workability
 Thestandard of acceptance for the slump testduring theproduction of concrete shall
be design slump +/- one third of the designed slump value or 25mm which ever is less.
 The standard of acceptance for the compacting factor test during the production
ofconcrete shall bethedesign compacting factor(asspecified inTable10) +0.03.

Testing
 The standard of acceptance of any preliminary tests will be similar to thestandard for
normal works cubes, cores, slump or compacting factor, except that theminimum
cube strengths required shall be those given under minimum Preliminary
CubeStrength at 28 days in Table 2 of IS: 456 -2000.
 The Engineer in Charge, during the progress of the work, have the power to order
tests, other than cube tests, including slump tests as far as practicable due to local
conditions.

45
  If the strength requirement is not satisfied the Engineer in Charge may order such
further testing, including chemical analysis of samples of hardened concrete in the
structure,as he considers necessary.
 Any concrete which fails to meet the above standards of acceptance shall beeither
further tested or rejected at the discretion of the Engineer in Charge The costs of any
such tests or of the removal of rejected concrete and its replacement and associated
costs shall be borne by the Contractor.
If the strengths required are not attained or maintained throughout the contract, the
EngineerinChargemayinstructtheContractortotakeanyoneofthefollowingsteps or
acombinationthereof astheEngineerin Chargeconsidersappropriate.:-
a. Adjust the mix proportion and carry out further trial mixes until a new mix
proportion satisfying the requirements of the foregoing test is obtained andapproved.
b. Improvethestandardofqualitycontrol
c. Carryout, at the contractor’s expense, other tests as directed by the Engineer-in-
charge.
d. Replace any site concrete condemned as a result of failing tocomply with the
standards of acceptance specified and meet all costs arising from such replacement.
Submit for approval the method statement for replacing the condemned concrete
[Link],theEngineerin Charge may require
the method statement to be prepared and the remedial work to be supervised by a
qualified Engineer in Charge.

CuringandProtectingConcrete
 All freshly placed concrete surfaces shall be protected from damages by workmen
equipment or any other cause.
 Newlyplacedconcreteshall beprotectedby approvedmeansfrom harmfuleffectsof
weather including rain, sun and wind. Concrete placed below ground level, shallbe
protected from falling earth, during and after placing. Concrete placed in ground
containing any deleterious substances, shall be kept free from contact with such
ground orwithwaterdrainingfromsuchground,duringplacingofconcreteandfora
periodof atleastthreedaysorasotherwiseinstructed bytheEngineerinCharge
 Steps, as approved by the Engineer in Charge shall be taken to protectimmature
concretefromdamagebydebris,excessiveloading,vibration, abrasion, mixingwith earth
or other deleterious materials, etc. that may impair the strength and durabilityof
theconcrete.
 Immediately after compaction and for 7 days thereafter concrete shall be prevented
from drying out too rapidly and protected against harmful effects of weather
including rain, rapid temperature changes, and wind. This period may be
extended,atthe discretion of the Engineer in Charge, up to 14 days. The methods of
protection used shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer in Charge. The
method ofcuring used shallpreventloss of moisture from the concrete.
 Duringthe curing period horizontalsurfacesshall beprotected by oneor moreof the
following or other approved means.
a. Covering with damp hessian canvas sacks or similar absorbent materials kept
constantlydampand whollycovering the exposed concrete surface.
b. Coveringwithimpermeablematerialsraisedapproximately50mmoverthesurfaceso as to
prevent loss of moisture.
c. anapprovedsprayedmembranecuringcompound
d. Flooding with water (water free from sediments of any kinds shall be used). During
the curing period other surfaces shall be provided by the following or other
approvedmeans:
a. Formworkinclosecontactwiththeconcrete
b. All concrete faces or edges, particularly those, which
areexposedwithoutrenderinginthefinalstructure,shallbeadequately

46
 protected from damage and discoloration at all times. Concrete structures shall
notbeloadeduntilthe concreteis atleast21daysin the [Link]
thepriorapprovaloftheEngineerinChargethestructuremay beloadedafterthis
timebutinnocasewillloadinggreaterthanthefinaldesignloading bepermitted.

CleaningandFinishingofConcrete
 Allconcretesurfacesshallhavean evenandcleanfinishfreefromhoneycombs,air
bubbles, fins or other blemishes unmarred, reasonable smooth. The formwork joint
marks on concrete work exposed to view shall be rubbed with carborundum stone
anddefects patchedup withpasteofcementsandmortar(1:1)[Link] shall
be made to thesatisfactionofthe Engineer inCharge. Concretesurfacestobe
subsequently plastered or where brick work is to be built against them, shall be
adequately hacked as soon as the form is stripped off so that proper bond can
develop.
 Immediately after removal of forms, the concrete shall be inspected, anddefective
areas as pointed out by the Engineer in Charge shall be removed partially
orentirelyas directed. Holes, left by form bolts, etc. shall be filled-up and made
good with cement sand mortar of approved mix. All superficial defects such as
honeycombing, rough patches, etc. shall be similarly made good. If the defective
areais at avulnerablelocation,[Link]&[Link] bemade
good as directed by the Engineer in ChargeIf epoxies have to be used, the same
shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer in Charge Poured concrete affected
by faulty form workshallberemovedtotallyand replaced. If so directed, the
Contractor shall have to resort to grouting / shotcreting.
 A smooth finish shall be obtained with the use of forms having smooth and even
surfaces and edges. Panelsandformliningsshall be of uniformsize andbe aslarge as
practicable and installed with closed joints. Upon removal of forms, the joint marks
shall be smoothened off and all blemishes, projections etc. removed leaving the
surfaces reasonably smooth andunmarred.
 Where integral cement concrete finish is called for, the surface shall becompacted
and then floated and treated with a straight edge and any high and low spots
eliminated. The work shall be carried out as per IS: 2571.

Tolerances
All other cast in place concrete work shall be dimensionally accurate to withinthe
tolerancesgiveninTable11(below),unlessclosertolerancesarefurtherspecified or
shown on the drawings
Closertoleranceswillgenerallybespecifiedfor:
a. Pre-castconcrete
b. Measuringflumecontours
c. Filterbedanddryingbedfloors
d. Machinerybases

47
Table 11
tem Tolerance
1 Variationsfromtheplumb
In the lines and surfaces of columns, piers,
1a) walls and arises
In3m 5mm
Inanystoryor6mmaximum 10 mm
In12mor more 20 mm
Forexposedcornercolumns,control-joint
1b) grooves and other conspicuous lines
Inanystoryor6mmaximum 5mm
In12mor more 10 mm
2. Variationfromthelevel,orfromthegrades
indicatedon the drawings **
Atanypoint(fromtrueelevation) but not more than 5 mm
+10mm variation between two points
within 6m in a horizontal
plane.
3. Variation of the linear building lines
from established position in plan and
related position of columns, walls and
partitions.
Inanybayor6mmaximum 10 mm
IN12mormore 25 mm
Notolerancethatwouldresultinencroachmentonadjoiningpropertiesispermissible
4. Variationinthesizesandlocationsof sleeves,
floor openings and wall openings 5mm
5. Cross sections of columns and beams,
thickness of walls, slabs and other parts of
the building
Upto0.5m +5/-3mm
Over0.5m +/-5mm
6. Footings
6a. Variationindimensionsinplan +25mm#/
-10mm
6b. Misplacementoreccentricity 2% of the footing width in the
directionofmisplacement but
nor more than+25 mm#
6c. Reductioninthickness 50mm ofspecifiedthickness
7. Variationinsteps
7a. INaflightofstairs
Rise 3mm
Tread 5mm
7b. Inconsecutivesteps
Rise 2mm
Tread 3mm

48
**Variationinfloorlevelaretobemeasuredbeforeremovalofsupportingshores# Applies to
concrete only, not to reinforcing bars or dowels
Exceptotherwiseshownondrawings,thesearemaximumallowabletolerances.

Miscellaneous
Holes,chases,indentationsandthelikeshallbeprovidedwhereindicatedonthe drawings.
Allsuchshall beformed intheconcrete and not cutaftertheconcrete hashardened.
Should the Contractor or any subcontractor require additional case-in items, holes or
theliketheserequirementsshallbesubmittedtotheEngineerinChargeforhis approvala
minimumof 14 workingdaysprior to concreting.
Pipes,conduits,fixingboltsandothersuchcast-initemsshallbeprovidedwhere indicated on
the drawings.
Any holes, post-anchorage fixing needed after concreting shall be with the approval of
Engineer-in-charge with out impacting member strength.

Concrete(Non-Structural)
Lightweight aggregate concrete shall be proportioned, mixed and placed as required
by the Engineer in Charge. Unless otherwise shown, the mixes shall be one of the
following, the type to be directed by the Engineer in Charge.
a. BreezeConcrete:1Partcementto6Partsofcokebreezeaggregatebyvolume
b. Polystyrene aggregate concrete
i. 1:2:4 mix (913 kg.m3): 45 kg. Cement and 0.056m3 sand to [Link]
polystyrene particles.
ii. 1:3:6 mix (800 kg.m3): 45 kg. Cement and 0.084m3 sand to [Link]
polystyrene particles.
iii. 1:1:4 mix (640 kg.m3): 45 kg. Cement and 0.028m3 sand to 2.155 kg. Expanded
polystyrene particles.
c. Vermiculite aggregate concrete 1 Part cement to 6 Part vermiculite by volume
Lightweight “air entrained” concrete to be proportioned and mixed according to the
manufacture’s instruction and placed as required by the Engineer-in-charge.
d. d. CLSM - controlled low strength materials. Where filling is needed with sand, alternatively
CLSM may be used. The mix shall be Cement60 kg/cum Fly ash 100 kg/cum sand 1300
kg/cum water 210 kg/cum air entrained 5 kg/cum. The density of the fill will be 1500 to 1600
kg/cum.

Cantilevered Canopies
Construction joints for cantilevered canopy slabs must not be located along the
external edge of the supporting beams or walls. Cantilevered canopy slabs shall be
cast monolithically with supporting beams and walls.
Adequate bar spacers shall be provided to maintain the position and alignment of the
steel bar reinforcement.
Effective water proofing should be provided on top of the canopy slab.
Upon the completion of the canopy structure, the Contractor shall submit a report
including following to Engineer in Charge for his approval and/or retention:
a. An as-built plan showing
i. Locations and dimensions of members
ii. Direction and gradient of falls
iii. Location of drainage outlets/downpipes
iv. The thickness of screeding and finishes
v. Locations and details of any construction joints for the canopy Structure
vi. Grades of concrete and steel
vii. Diameter and spacing of steel reinforcement in the canopy slab
viii. Date on which the concrete was cast
ix. Concrete cover to steel reinforcement at critical positions of the canopy slab as

49
 measured by cover meter and
b. Record photographs showing clearly and in detail.
i. Conditions and arrangement of the fabricated steel reinforcement in the canopy
slab and all the supporting members prior to concreting and
ii. Condition of the canopy slab and the supporting members after concreting but before
laying of the finishes and water proofing materials. A statement confirming that the
Contractor has inspected and supervised the construction of the canopy structure and
that it has been constructed in accordance with the approved plans.

STEELREINFORCEMENT

General Related Works

Concrete Form work Cast in-situ Concrete

Applicable Standards
SrNo Code Description

1 IS:432 Specification for Mild steel and medium tensile bars and
hard drawn steel wire.
3 IS:1566 Specification for plain hard drawn steel wire fabric for
concrete reinforcement
4 IS:1785 Specification for plain hard drawn steel wire for
pre stressed concrete.
5 IS:1786 Specification for cold twisted steel high strength deformed
bars for concrete reinforcement.
6 IS:2080 Specification for high tensile steel bars used in pre stressed
concrete
7 IS:2751 Code of practice for welding of mild steel structures

8 IS:2502 Code of practice for bending and fixing of bars for concrete
reinforcement

Steel Grades

Reinforcements for concrete may be from any of the“grades”of steel indicated below
conforming to the relevant Indian Standards and their latest amendments mentioned
against each:
Grade Description Conformingto
Fe 250 Mild Steel IS:432(PartI)
Fe490 Hard drawn steel wire IS:432(PartII)
Fe 415 High strength deformed/ribbed steel IS:1786
Fe 500 High strength deformed/ribbed steel IS:1786
Fe 550 High strength deformed/ribbed steel IS:1786

50
Reinforcing steel may be any of the following types:
Type IV Thermo-Mechanically Treated Ribbon bars(TMT)
Type IV - TMT 550D is preferred option for this project. Use of 550MPa reinforcement shall be
subject to approval from CLIENT/ Engineer in Charge and the Structural Engineer for
compliance with the technical and design requirements.
BIS Certification
 [Link] containing the bars
shall be suitably marked with BIS Certification mark. Bars shall also be marked to identify
categories. This shall be done as per IS: 1387.
 In case bars are without BIS Certification mark, the manufacturer shall give a certificate stating
the process of manufacture, chemical composition and mechanical properties. Each certificate
shall indicate the number or identification mark of the cart to which it applies, corresponding to
the number or identification mark to be found on the material.
 All reinforcements shall be free from loose mill scale, excessive rust, loose rust, pitting, oil,
grease, paint, mud or any other foreign deleterious material present on the surface. Cleaning
should be done to the satisfaction of the Engineer in Charge.
 [Link] the
Contractor.
 Material acceptable as per IS Specifications will be allowed into the Project. All rejected material
[Link] same is not done, the
CLIENT/Engineer in Charge can get work done by 3rd Party at the Contractors risk and cost shall
impose a penalty of Rs.500/- (Rupees five hundred only per metric ton per day. This will be
without any appeal and shall not be subjected to arbitration.
Storage
 Reinforcement bars received at the Site shall be stored on hard, concreted platform and clear of
the ground to a minimum of 500 mm with the use of concrete blocks or any other means.
Reinforcements shall be kept covered by tarpaulins or plastic to avoid excessive corrosion or any
other contamination. It is advised to follow storage methods as described in IS:4082.
 Reinforcement steel shall be stored in such a manner as to avoid distortion and to prevent
[Link] be
used for removing the rust.
Quality Assurance
a. Supervisory staff shall have qualification and experience in the above field.
b. Welders qualified and having approved certificates for welding shall be employed.
Handling
a. Bend / rebend test requirements shall conform to the following and shall be based on 1800 bends
of full-size bars around pins.
Bardiameter(mm) Pindiameterfortestbend10,12,16
3.5xbardia.
20,22,25 5.0xbardia.
28,30,32 7.0xbardia.
b. Spacers of same dia. shall be used with any of the following: Wire Precast concrete Moulded
plastic Spacer material shall be of durable quality and shall not lead to corrosion of reinforcement
or spilling of concrete. Precast concrete spacers shall be of the same mix as that of surrounding
concrete.
c. Tying wire shall be of 18G black annealed mild steel wire or other approved type double fold to
tie the reinforcements.
d. Cover blocks shall be non-corrosive material such as plastic, but not wooden or broken bricks or
stone. Specially made concrete blocks shall be used. Such cover blocks shall be cast from
concrete and not from cement mortar; strength of these blocks shall be equal to the concrete in
use. Binding wire for fixing reinforcement shall be either no.18 gauge soft galvanized annealed
iron wire
Unit Weights:
Unit weights per meter shall be as follows:

164
51
 6mm 0.22kg/rm
7mm 0.39kg/rm
10mm 0.62kg/rm
12mm 0.89kg/ rm
14mm 1.21kg/ rm
16mm 1.58kg/ rm
18mm 2.00kg/ rm
20mm 2.47kg/ rm
22mm 2.98kg/ rm
25mm 3.85kg/ rm
28mm 4.83kg/ rm
32mm 6.31kg/ rm
36mm 7.99kg/ rm
40mm 9.86kg/rm
EXECUTION
Cutting and Bending
a. Flame cut and hot bending is absolutely forbidden.
b. Cut and bend reinforcement to approved shop drawings and details shall be used.
c. Bars to be cold bend, either mechanically or by hand, but to correct radius using proper tools,
machine and platform and confirming to IS: 2502 latest code.
d. Do not re bend without approval. In case of re bending, care shall be taken that the rating of bend
is not less than 4 x bar dia. at construction joints for plain steel bars and 6 x bar dia. for high
strength bars.
e. Reinforcementprojectingfromconcreteshallnotbebentwithoutapproval.
Bar bending schedule to be submitted for approval of the Structural Consultant to the CLIENT/
Engineer in Charge prior to commencement of any cutting, bending and binding of steel at site.
f. Cracked end of bars shall not be used on this Project.
g. Bars should be inspected for visible defects such as cracks, brittleness, excessive rust, loose mills
scale, etc.
Welding
a. Do not weld reinforcement unless authorized by the Structural Consultant/ CLIENT/ Engineer in
Charge and recommended by the manufacturers.
b. Site welding shall be done with suitable safe guards and techniques.
c. Welding, if approved, may be used for the following and shall be carried out by an approved
welder: LappingreinforcementinpositionFixingreinforcementtoothersteelmembers.
d. The length of run deposited in asinglepassshall notexceed 5xbar diameters. If a longer welded
length is required divide into sections with the space between runs notlessthan5xbardiameters.
e. Welded joints: Shall not be made at bends in reinforcement.
Stagger joints in parallel bars of principal reinforcement unless otherwise approved.
The distance between staggered joints shall not be less than the end anchorage length joints.
Mechanical Splicing
a. TocomplywithIS:456-2000,IS:16700-2017,ACI318andACI439-3R
b. Use as indicated in structural drawings.
c. StructuralConsultanthastoapprovemechanicalsplicesbeforeusingitatsite.
Inspection
a. Ensure that the reinforcement placing is checked by Engineer in Charge.
b. Ensure that the Formwork to receive the reinforcement is clean and free from debris.
c. Cracked end of bars to be cutout.
Anchoring
 Anchoringofbarsandstirrupsshallbeprovidedexactlyasdetailedinthestructural drawings or as
directed by Structural Consultant.
 In case of reinforcement steel in tension, deformed bars may be used without end anchorage
provided the development length requirement is satisfied. Hooks shall normally be provided for
plain bars in tension. Development length of the bars shall be determined as per relevantclauses
of IS: 456 - 2000.
 The anchorage length of straight bar in compression shall be equal to theDevelopment lengthof
thebarsin compression asspecifiedinrelevant clause of IS:456 -2000.

165
52
LappingofBars
o LapsshallbestrictlyasperthestructuraldrawingorasdirectedbytheEngineerinCharge
/[Link] given in
IS:456-2000 Asfaraspossiblebarsofthemaximum lengthavailableshall beused.

o Laps shown on drawings or otherwise specified bythe Structural Consultant will be based on the
Contractor using bars of maximum length.
o In case Contractor wishes to use bars of shorter length, laps shall be provided at the Contractor’s
expense in the manner and locations approved by the structural consultant.
o No additional cost shall be paid for the lapping & the rate should be inclusive of the cost of
lapping.
o Splices shall be provided as far as possible away from the sections of maximum stress and be
staggered.
o Not more than half of the bars shall be spliced at a section If more than half of the bars shall be
splicedatasection,specialcaseshallbeensured suchasincreasinglengthoflaporcloserspacing of
stirrups around the length of splice.
o Lap splice shall not be used for bars having diameter larger than 36 mm. Forlarger
[Link] flexuraltension shall
beLa(asdefinedinIS:456-2000)or30timesthediameterofthebarwhicheveris greater and for direct
tension 2La or 30 times the diameter of the bar whichever is greater. The
straightlengthoflapshallnotbelessthan15Dor20 cm, whereas Disthediameter ofthebar.
o Lap length in compression shall be equal to the development length in compression calculated as
described in relevant clause of IS: 456-2000 or as specified in the structural drawing but not less
than 24 times the diameter of thebar.
o Overlapping bars shall not touch each other and these shall be kept apart with concrete between
them by 25mm or 1.25 times the maximum size of thecoarse aggregate,whicheverisgreater.
o When above is not possible, the overlapping bars shall be bound together at intervals not
exceedinglytwicethediameterofsuchbarswithtwostrandsofannealedbindingwire of0.90mm to
1.6mm diameter twisted together tightly.
o AsandwhennecessaryweldedlapsshallbeprovedasspecifiedbytheStructuralConsultant.
SecuringReinforcement
a. Adequatelysecurewithtyingwireorapprovedsteelclips.
b. Bendthetyingwireswellbackclearofforms.
ConcreteCover
a. ShallbeinaccordancewithISI:456-2000andaspertheinstructionsinstructuraldrawings.
b. Footings,retainingwallsandSimilarmembersincontactwithearthbutnotcastagainst earth -
50 mm
Slabs - 20 mm Walls, ribs - 20mm
Beams:
For mainbars - Min.25 mm or dia. of thebarForstirrups - 20 mm
Columns - 40mmColumnslessthan20cms-25mmWatertanks: In
contact with water - 40 mm In contact with air -20 mm
Wallsincontactwithwater/Earth-40mm
SpacersChairsandOtherSupports
a. Providenecessarysupportstomaintainreinforcementinitscorrectposition.
b. Provide spacer bars of same diameter as longitudinal bars but not less than 25mm diameter
between two layers at 1.5 mm centers except where bundled bars are detailed. Spacers, Chairsand
other supports are not separately measured and paidfor.
PrecautionaryMeasures
a. Donotinsertbarsintoplacedconcrete.
b. Donotdamageformsandformlinings,ifanywhenfixingreinforcement.
AdjustmentandCleaning
a. Check reinforcement prior to and during placing concrete with particular attention to the top
reinforcement in Cantilever sections.
b. Ensurethatreinforcementiscleanandfreefromcorrosivepitting,looserust, loosemillscale,
oilandothersubstances,whichmayadverselyaffectreinforcement concrete or the bond between the
two.

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53
 c. Protecttheprojectingreinforcementfromweatherwheretheruststainingof exposed concrete surfaces
may occur.

STRUCTURALSTEELWORK
Thisspecificationcoversthe fabricationandtransportationtositeanderection onpreparedfoundationsand
structural steel work consisting of beams, columns, vertical trusses, bracings, shear connections etc.
Fabrication,erectionandapprovalofsteelstructuresshallbeincompliancewith:
- TheseGeneralSpecificationsandIS:800- 1984
- Drawings andsupplementary drawings tobe supplied to the steel contractors during executionof the
work. Providing shop primer coat for steel [Link] of holding-down bolt pockets and below
base plates where required.
In case of conflict between the Clauses mentioned here and the Indian Standards, those expressed in this
specification shall govern.
Scope
The fabrication and erection of the steel work consists of accomplishing of all jobs here-in enumerated
including providing all labour, tools and plant all materials and consumables such as welding electrodes,
bolts and nuts, oxygen and acetylene gases, oils for cleaning etc. of approved quality as per relevant [Link]
work shall be executed according to the drawings, specifications, relevant codes etc. in an expeditious and
workman like manner, as detailed in the specifications and the relevant Indian Standard Codes and
Standard Practice and to the complete satisfaction of the Project Manager.

FabricationDrawings
The contractor shall prepare all fabrication and erection drawings on the basis of design drawings supplied
to him and submit the same in triplicate to the Project Manager for review, Project Manager shall review
and comment, if any, on the [Link] review, if any, by the Project Manager, does not relieve the
contractor of any of his required guarantee’s [Link] contractor shall however be responsible to
fabricate the structural’s strictly conforming to specifications and reviewed drawings.

Fabricationdrawingsshallincludethefollowing:
- Membersizesanddetails
- Typesanddimensionsofweldsandbolts
- Shapesandsizesofedgepreparationforwelding
- Detailsofshopandfieldjointsincludedinassemblies.

Billof material
- Qualityofstructuralsteels,weldingelectrodes,bolts,[Link].
- Erectionassemblies,identifyingalltransportablepartsandsub-assemblies,associatedwithspecial
erection instructions, if required.
- Calculationswhereaskedfor,forapproval.

o Connections,[Link]
fabrication drawings considering normal detailing practices and developing full member [Link]
asked for calculations for the merit shall also be submitted for approval.
o AnyalternatedesignorchangeinsectionisallowedwhenapprovedinwritingbytheProjectManager.
o However, if any variation in the scheme is found necessary later, the contractor will be supplied with
revised [Link] contractor shall incorporate these changes in his drawings at no extra cost and
resubmit for review.
o Project Manager review shall not absolve the contractor of his responsibility for the correctness of
dimensions, adequacy of details and [Link] copy will be returned reviewed with or without
comments to the contractor for necessary [Link] the former case further three copies of amended
drawings shall be submitted by the contractor for final review.
o ThecontractorshallsupplythreeprintseachofthefinalrevieweddrawingstotheProjectManagerwithina week
since final review, at no extra cost for reference and records.
o TheProjectManagerwillverifythecorrectinterpretationoftheirrequirements.
o If any modification is made in the design drawing during the course of execution of the job, revised design
drawings will be issued to the [Link] changes arising out of these shall be incorporated by the
contractorinthefabricationdrawingsalreadypreparedatnoextracostandtherevisedfabricationdrawings

167
54
 shallbedulygotreviewedaspertheaboveClauses.

Materials
RolledSections
Thefollowinggradesofsteelshallbeusedforsteelstructures:
StructuralsteelwillgenerallybeofstandardqualityconformingtoIS:2062.
Welding Materials
WeldingelectrodesshallconformtoIS:814.
ApprovalofweldingproceduresshallbeasperIndian Standards Code or equivalent
Bolts,Nuts&Washers
o Bolts and nuts shall be as per IS: 1367 and tested as per IS:[Link] shall have a minimum tensile strength
of44Kg/mm2andminimumelongationof23%onagaugelengthof5.65(A-Original cross-sectionalarea of the
gauge length).Washers shall be as per IS: 2016.
o All materials shall conform to their respective [Link] use of equivalent or higher grade or
alternate materials will be considered only in very special cases subject to the approval of the Project
Manager in writing.
Receipt&Storingof Materials
o Steel materials supplied by the contractor must be marked for identification and each lot should be
accompanied by manufacturer's quality certificate, conforming chemical analysis and mechanical
characteristics.
o All steel parts furnished by supplier shall be checked, sorted out, straightened, and arranged by grades and
qualities in stores.
o Structural with surface defects such as pitting, cracks, laminations etc. shall be rejected if the defectsexceed
the allowable tolerances specified in relevant standards or as directed by the Project Manager.
o Weldingwireandelectrodes shall bestoredseparatelyby qualitiesandlotsinsidea dry and enclosedroom, in
compliance with IS: 816 - 1969 and as per instructions given by the Project [Link] shall be
perfectly dry and drawn from an electrode even, if required.
o Checking of quality bolts of any kind as well as storage of same shall be made conforming to relevant
standards.
o Eachlotofelectrodes,bolts,nuts,[Link]'stestcertificate.
o The contractor may use alternative materials as compared to design specification only with the written
approval of the Project Manager.

Material Tests
o The contractor shall be required to produce manufacturer's quality certificates forthematerials supplied by the
[Link] the manufacturer's certificates, the Project Manager may ask for testing of
materials in approved test [Link] test results shall satisfy the requirements of the relevant Indian
Standards.
o Whenever quality certificates are missing or incomplete or when material quality differs from standard
specifications the contractor shall conduct all appropriate tests as directed by the Project Manager at no extra
cost.
o Materials for which test certificates are not available or for which test results do not tally with relevant
standard specifications, shall not be used.
Fabrication
o FabricationshallbeinaccordancewithIS:800Section 17inadditiontothefollowing:
o Fabrication shall be done as per approved fabrication drawings adhering strictly to work points and work lines
on the [Link] connections shall be welded or bolted as per design [Link] shall also include
fabricating built up sections.
o Anydefectivematerialusedshallbereplacedbythecontractorathisownexpense,carebeingtakentoprevent any
damage to the structure during removal.
o All the fabricated and delivered items shall be suitably packed to be protected from any damage during
transportation and [Link] damage caused at any time shall be made good by the Contractor at his own
cost.
o Anyfaultyfabricationpointedoutatanystageofworkshallbemadegoodbythecontractorathisown cost.

PreparationofMaterials

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o Priortoreleaseforfabrication,allrolledsectionswarpedbeyondallowablelimitshallbepressedorrolled straight and
freed from twists, taking care that an uniform pressure is applied.
o Minorwarping,[Link].
o The sections shall be straightened by hot working where the Project Manager sodirect and shallcooled slowly
after straightening.
o Warpedmemberslikeplatesandflatsmaybeusedassuchonlyifwavelikedeformationdoesnotexceed L/1000 but
limited to 10 mm (L-Length).
o Surfaceofmembersthataretobe jointed by laporfilletweldingorbolting shallbe even so that there is no gap
between overlapping surfaces.

Marking
Markingofmembersshallbemadeonhorizontalpads,ofanappropriateracksorsupportsinorderto ensure
horizontal and straight placement of such members.
Markingaccuracyshallbeatleast+1mm.

Cutting
o Membersshallbecutmechanically(bysaworshearorbyoxyacetylene flame).
o Allsharp,rough,orbrokenedges,andalledgesofjointswhicharesubjectedtotensileoroscillating stresses, shall be
ground.
o Noelectricmetalarccuttingshallbeallowed.
o Alledgescutbyoxyacetyleneprocessshallbecleanedofimpuritiespriortoassembly.

Cuttingtolerancesshallbeasfollows:
a) Formembersconnectedatbothends+1mm.
b) Elsewhere+3mm.

The edge preparation for welding of members more than 12 mm thick shall be done by flame cutting and
[Link] faces shall not have cracks or be rough.
EdgepreparationshallbeasperIndian Standards or equivalent

Drilling
Boltsholesshallbedrilled.
Drillingshallbemadetothediameterspecifiedindrawings.
Noenlargingofholesfilling,bymandrollingoroxyacetyleneflameshallbeallowed.

Allowedvariationsforholes(out-of-roundness,eccentricity,plumb-linedeviation)shallbeasperIS:800.
- Maximumdeviationforspacingoftwoholesonthesameaxisshallbe+1mm.
- Twoperpendiculardiametersofanyovalholeshallnotdifferbymorethan1mm.

o Drilling faults in holes may be rectified by reaming the holes to the next upper diameter, provided that
spacing of new hole centres and distance of hole centres to the edges of members are not less thanallowed
and that the increase of hole diameter does not impair the structural [Link] reaming shall be
allowed if the number of faulty holes does not exceed 15% of the total number of holes for one joint.
o PreparationofMembersforWelding
o Assembly of structural members shall be made with proper jigs and fixtures to ensure correct positioning
of members (angles, axes nodes etc.)
o Sharp edges, rust of cut edges, notches, irregularitiesand fissures due to faulty cutting shall be chipped or
ground or filled over the length of the affected area, deep enough to remove faults completely.
o Edgepreparationforweldingshallbecarefullyandaccuratelymadesoastofacilitateagoodjoint.
o Generally,nospecialedgepreparationshallberequiredformembersunder8mmthick.
o Edge preparation (beveling) denotes cutting of the same so as to result in V, X K or U seam shapes as per
Indian Standards or equivalent.
o The members to beassembledshall be clean anddryon [Link] no circumstances shall wet,
greasy, rust or dirt covered parts be [Link] shall be kept free from any foreign matter likely to
get in to the gaps between members to be welded.
o Before assembly the edges to be welded as well as adjacent areas extending for atleast 20 mm shall be
cleaned (until metallic polish is achieved).

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 o Whenassemblingmembers,propercareshallbetakenofweldingshrinkageanddistortions,asthe drawing
dimensions cover finished dimensions of the structure.
o TheelementsshallbegotcheckedandapprovedbytheProjectManagerortheirauthorizedrepresentative before
assembly.
o ThepermissibletolerancesforassemblyofmemberspreparatorytoweldingshallbeasperIS
o Aftertheassemblehasbeenchecked,temporarytackweldinginpositionshallbedonebyelectric welding,
keeping in view finished dimensions of the structure.
o Weldingprocedures
o Welding shall be carried out only by fully trained and experienced welders as tested and approved by the
Project Manager. Any test carried out either by the Project Manager of their representative or the
inspectors shall constitute a right by them for such tests and the cost involved thereon shall be borne by
the contractor himself.
o Qualificationtestsforweldersas well astestsfor approvalofelectrodes will be carriedoutasper ISThe nature
of test for performance qualification of welders shall be commensurate with the quality of welding
required on this job as judged by the Project Manager.
o Thesteelstructuresshallbeautomatically,semi-automaticallyormanuallywelded.
o Weldingshallbeginonlyafterthechecksmentioned.
o Theweldershallmarkwithhisidentificationmarkoneachelementweldedbyhim.
o Whenweldingiscarriedoutinopenair,stepsshallbetakentoprotectthefaceofweldingagainstwindor [Link]
electrodes, wire and parts being welded shall be dry.
o Before beginning the welding operation, each joint shall be checked to ensure that the parts to be welded
are clean and root gaps provided as per IS
o For continuing the welding of seams discontinued due to some reason, the end of the discontinued seam
shall be melted in order to obtain a good [Link] resuming the welding operation, the groove as
well as the adjacent parts shall be well cleaned for a length of approx. 50 mm.
o For single butt welds (in V, 1/2 V or U) and double butt welds (in K, double U etc.) the rewelding of the
root is mandatory but only the metal deposit on the root has been cleaned by back gouging or chipping.
o The welding seams shall be left to cool slowly. The contractor shall not be allowed to cool the welds
quickly by any other method.
o For multi-layer welding, before welding the following layer, the formerly welded layer shall be cleaned
metal bright by light chipping and wire brushing.

Theorderandmethodofweldingshallbesothat-
- Nounacceptabledeformationappearsintheweldedparts.
- Due margin is provided to compensate for contraction due to welding in order to avoid any high
permanent stresses.
ThedefectsinweldsmustberectifiedaccordingtoIS

Weld Inspection
Theweldseamsshallsatisfythefollowing:
- shallcorrespondtodesignshapesand dimensions.
- shall not have any defects such as cracks, incomplete penetration and fusion, under-cuts, rough
surfaces, burns, blow holes and porosity etc. beyond permissible limits.
o Duringtheweldingoperationandapprovaloffinishedelements,inspectionsandtestsshallbemadeas standards.
o ThemechanicalcharacteristicsoftheweldedjointsshallbeasinIS.
o PreparationofMembersforBolting
o The members shall be assembled for bolting with proper jigs and fixtures to sustain the assemblies without
deformation and bending.
o Beforeassembly,allsharpedges,shavings,rustdirt,[Link].
o Before assembly, the contacting surfaces of the members shall be cleaned and given a coat of primer as per
IS: 2074.
o The members which are bolt assembled shall be set according to drawings and temporarily fastened
witherection bolts (minimum 4 pieces) to check the coaxiality of the holes.
o The members shall be finally bolted after the deviations have been corrected, after which there shall not be
gaps.
o Beforeassembly,themembersshallbecheckedandgotapprovedbytheProjectManager.

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o Thedifferenceinthicknessofthesectionsthatarebuttassembledshallnotbemorethan3%ormaximum
[Link],itshallbe correctedbygrindingor filling.
o Reaming of holes to final diameter or cleaning of these shall be done only after the parts have been check
assembled.
o Aseachholeisfinishedto finaldimensions(reamed ifnecessary)itshallbeset [Link] bolts shall
not be removed before other bolts are set.
Bolting up
Finalboltingofthemembersshallbedoneafterthedefectshavebeenrectifiedandapprovalofjoints obtained.
Theboltsshallbetightenedstartingfromthecentreofjointtowardsthe edge.
PlainingofEnds
Planning of ends of members like column ends shall be done by grinding when so specified in the design.
Planning of butt welded members shall be done after these have been assembled, the spare edges shall be
removed with grinding machines or files.
Thefollowingtolerancesshallbepermittedonmemberthathavebeenplaned.
- Onthelengthofthememberhavingbothendsplaned,maximum+2mmwithrespectto design.
- Leveldifferencesofplanedsurfaces,maximum0.3mm.
- Deviationbetweenplanedsurfaceandmember'saxismaximum 1/1500.
HolesforField Joints
o Holesforfieldjointsshallbedrilledintheshoptofinaldiametersandtestedintheshop,withtrial assemblies.
o When three-dimensionalassembly is notpossible in theshop, the holes forfield joints may bedrilled inshop
and reamed on site after erection, on approval by the Project Manager.
o Forboltedsteelstructures,trialassemblyinshopismandatory.
o Thetoleranceforspacingofholesshallbe+1mm.
o Tolerances
o Alltolerancesregardingdimensions,geometricalshapesandsectionsofsteelstructures,shallbeasper standards, if
not specified in the drawing.
o MarkingforIdentification
o Allelementsandmemberspriortodispatchforerectionshallbeshopmarked.
o The members shall be visibly marked with aweather proof light coloured [Link] size and thickness of
the numbers shall be chosen as to facilitate the identification of members.
o For the small members that are delivered in bundles or crates, the required marking shall be done on small
metal tags securely tied to the bundle, while the crates shall be marked directly.
o Each bundle or crate shall be packed with members for one and the same assembly; in the same bundle or
crate, general utility members such as bolts, quests etc. may be packed.
o Allbillofmaterialsshowingweight,qualityanddimensionofcontentsshallbeplacedinthecrates.
o Themembersshallbemarkedwithadurablepaint,inavisiblelocation,preferablyatoneendofthe member so that
these may be easily checked during storage and erection.
o Allmembersshallbemarkedintheshopbeforeinspectionandacceptance.
o Whenthememberisbeingpainted,themarkingareashallnotbepaintedbutborderedwithwhite paint.
o The marking and job symbol shall be registered in allshop delivery documents (transportation, for erection
etc.)
ShopTestPre-assembly
o Forsteel structuresthathavethesametypeofweldingtheshoptestpre-assemblyshallbeperformedon one out of
every 10 members minimum.
o Forboltedsteelstructures,shoptestpre-assemblyismandatoryforallelementsaswellasfortheentire structure.
ShopInspectionandApproval
General
o The Project Manager or their representative shall have free access at all responsible times to thecontractor’s
fabrication shop and shall be afforded all reasonable facilities for satisfying himself that the fabrication is
being undertaken in accordance with drawings and specifications.
o TechnicalapprovalofthesteelstructureintheshopbytheProjectManageris mandatory.
o Thecontractorshallnotlimitthenumberandkindsoftests,finalaswellasintermediateonce,orextratests required
by the Project Manager.
o Thecontractorshallfurnishnecessarytools,gauges,[Link]-technicalpersonnel

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 forshoptestsbytheProjectManager,freeofcost.
o Shop Acceptance
o TheProjectManagershallinspectandapproveatthefollowingstages:

Thefollowingapprovalsmaygiveninshop:
- Intermediateapprovalsofworkthatcannotbeinspectedlater.
- Partialapprovals
- Finalapprovals

Intermediateapprovalofworkshallbegivenwhenapartoftheworkispreformedlater:
- Cannotbeinspectedlater
- Inspectionwouldbedifficulttoperformandresultswouldnotbesatisfactory.

Partial approval in the shop is given on members and assemblies of steel structures before the primer coatis
applied and includes :
- Approvalofmaterials
- Approvaloffield joints
- Approvalofpartswithplaned surfaces
- Testerection
- Approvalofmembers
- Approvalofmarkings
- Inspectionsandapprovalsofspecialfeatures,likeRollers,loadingplatformmechanismetc.
Duringthepartialapproval,intermediateapprovalsaswellasallformerapprovals,shallbetakenintoconsideration.
FinalapprovalintheShop
Thefinalapprovalreferstoallelementsandassembliesofthesteel structures,withshopprimer coat,ready for
delivery from shop to be loaded for transportation, or stored.
Thefinalapprovalcomprisesof:
- Partialapprovals
- Approvalofshopprimercoat
- Approvalofmodeofloadingand transport
- Approvalofstorage(formaterialsstored)

PaintingandDelivery
Preparationofpartsforshoppainting
PaintingshallconsistofprovidingonecoatofZincPhosphate primertosteelmembersbefore dispatch from shop.
Primercoatshallnotbeappliedunless:
- Surfacehavebeenwirebrushed,cleanedofdust,oil,rustetc.
- Erection gaps between members, spots that cannot be painted or where moisture or other aggressive
agents may penetrate, have been filled with an approved type of oil and putty.
- Thesurfacetobepaintedarecompletelydry.
- Thepartswherewaterofaggressiveagents maycollect(during transportation, storage, erection and
operation) are filled with putty and provided with holes for drainage of water.
- Membersandpartshavebeeninspectedandaccepted
- Weldshavebeen accepted.
Thefollowingarenottobepaintedorprotectedbyanyotherproduct:
- Surfacewhichareinthevicinityofjointstobeweldedatsite.
- Surfacesbearingmarkings
- Othersurfacesindicatedinthe design.
Thefollowingshallbegivenacoatofhotoiloranyapprovedresistantlubricantonly.
- Planedsurfaces
- Holesforlinks
o Thesurfacesthataretobeembeddedorincontactwiththeconcreteshallbegivenacostofcementwash.
o The surfaces which are in contact with the ground, gravel or brick work and subject to moisture, shall be
given bituminous coat.
o Theothersurfacesshallbegivenaprimer coating.

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 o Special attention shall be given to locations not easilyaccessible, where water can collect and which after
assembly and erection cannot be inspected, painted and [Link] shall be provided for water
drainage and in accessible box type sections shall be hermetically sealed by welds.
o If specified elsewhere, in the schedule of quantities, the contractor shall paint further coats of red-oxide
after erection and placing in position of the steel structures.
o Packing, transportation, delivery After final shop acceptance and marking, the item shall be packed and
loaded for transportation.
o Packingmustbeadequatetoprotectitemagainstwarpingduringloadingand unloading.
o Properliftingdevicesshallbeusedforloading,in ordertoprotectitemsagainst warping.
o Slender projecting parts shall be braced with additional steel bars, before loading, for protection against
warping during transportation.
o Loadingandtransportationshallbedoneincompliancewithtransportationrules.
o Ifcertainpartscannotbetransportedinthelengthsstipulatedinthedesign,thepositionandtypeof additional splice
joints shall be approved by the Project Manager.
o Itemsmustbecarefullyloadedonplatformsoftransportationmeanstopreventwarping,bendingor falling during
transportation.
o Thesmallpartssuchasfish-plates,[Link] parts.
o Bolts,nutsandwashersshallbepackedandtransportedin crates.
Theparts shallbedeliveredin theorderstipulatedbytheProjectManagerand shallbeaccompaniedby document
showing:
- Qualityandquantityofstructureormembers
- Positionofmemberinthe structure
- Particularsofstructure
- Identificationnumberjobsymbol.
Field Erection
o Theerectionworkshallbepermittedonlyafterthefoundationorotherstructureoverwhichthesteel work will be
erected is approved and is ready for erection.
o The contractor shall satisfy himself about the levels, alignment etc. for the foundations well in advance,
before starting the [Link] chipping etc. shall be carried out by the contractor on his expense.
o Anyfaultyerectiondonebythecontractorshallbemadegoodathisowncost.
o ApprovalbytheProjectManagerortheirrepresentativesatanystageofworkdoesnotrelievethe contractor of any
of his required guarantees of the contract.
o Storageandpreparationofpartspriortoerection
o The storage place for steel parts shall be prepared in advance and got approved by theProject
Managerbefore the steel structures start arriving from the shop.
o AplatformshallbeprovidedbytheContractorneartheerectionsiteforpreliminaryerectionwork. The
contractor shall make the following verifications upon receipt of material at site.
- forqualitycertificatesregardingmaterialsandworkmanshipaccordingtothesegeneralspecifications and
drawings.
- Whether parts received are complete without defects due to transportation, loading and unloading
and defects, if any, are well within the admissible limit.
Fortheaboveworksufficientspacemustbeallottedinthestoragearea.
o Stepsshallbetakentopreventwarpingofitemsduringunloading.
o Thepartsshallbeunloaded,storedandstoredsoastobeeasilyidentified.
o The parts shall be stored according to construction symbol and markings so that these may be taken out in
order or erection.
o Thepartsshallbeatleast150mmclearfromgroundonwoodenorsteelblocksforprotectionagainst direct contact
with ground and to permit drainage of water.
o [Link],theseshallbedoneinaspecialplaceallotted which
shall be adequately equipped.
o Thepartsshallbecleanwhendeliveredfor erection.
o Erection&Tolerances
o ErectioningeneralshallbecarriedoutasrequiredandapprovedbytheProjectManager.
o Positioning and levelling of the structure, alignment and plumbing of the stanchion and fixing every
member of the structure shall be in accordance with the relevant drawings and to the complete satisfaction
of the Project Manager.
Thefollowingchecksandinspectionshallbecarriedoutbeforeduringandaftererection.

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 - damageduring transportation
- accuracyofalignmentofstructures
- erectionaccordingtodrawingsandspecifications
- progressandworkmanship.
In case there be any deviations regarding positions of foundations or anchor bolts, which would lead to
erection deviations, the Project Manager shall be informed [Link] rectifications in
foundations, orientation of bolts holes etc. shall be carried out as part of the work, at no extra cost.
The various parts of the steel structure shall be so erected so to ensure stability against inherent weight,
wind and erection stresses.
The structure shall be anchored and final erection joints completed after plan and elevation positions of the
structural members have been verified with corresponding drawings and approved by the Project Manager.
Theboltedjointsshallbetightenedsothattheentiresurfaceoftheboltheadsandnutsshallrestonthe [Link]
parts with sloping surfaces tapered washers shall be used.
Finalacceptanceandhandingoverthestructure
Atacceptance,thecontractorshallsubmitthefollowingdocuments:
- Shopanderectiondrawings-eitherintracingsorreproducible.
- 4copiesofeachofthefollowing:
- shopacceptancedocuments
- qualitycertificateforstructurals,plates,etc.(electrodes,weldingwire,bolts,nuts,washersetc.)
- Listofcertifiedwelderswhoworkedonerectionofstructures.
- acceptanceandintermediatecontrolprocedureoferectionoperations.

Approval bythe ProjectManager at any stage of workdoesnotrelievethe contractorofanyofhis required

guarantees of the contract.

GroutingofPockets
o Grouting of pockets and under base plates will be done only after the steel work has been levelled and
plumbed and the bases of stranchions are supported by steel [Link] space below the base plate and
pockets shall be thoroughly cleaned.
o The mortar used for grouting shall not be leaner than 1:2 (1 cement :2 sand) (grade M30 in case ofconcrete)
and shall be mixed to the minimum consistency [Link] shall be poured under suitable head and tamped
until the space has been completely filled.
o Tolerancesallowedintheerectionofplantbuildingwithoutcranes
o The maximum tolerances for line and level of the steel work shall be + 3.00 mm on any part of the
[Link] structure shall not be out of plumb more than 3.5 mm on each 10 M. section of height and not
more than 7.0 mm per 30 M. section.
o Thesetolerancesshallapplytoallpartsofthestructureunlessthedrawingsissuedforerectionpurposesstate otherwise.

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1.

BlockWorkGeneral
DescriptionofWork
This section shall cover all masonry work required. Unless otherwise shown,mentioned or
directed all masonry work shall be of solid concrete block, AAC block, Fly Ash Block and all
walls shall extend to full heightuptothebottomofthestructuralmemberabove.
QualityAssurance
PhysicalpropertiesofsolidconcreteblocksshallgenerallyconformtorelevantIS:2185 Part1&
IS:2185Part2 for AAC will Confirm IS:2185-part III 1984 for Fly Ash Block Will Confirm IS
12894:2002
Submittals
ProductData:
Contractorshallsubmitmanufacturer’sproductdatatoshowcompliancewiththetechnical specification.
Certificates:
Contractor shall submit test certificates of crushing strength, water absorption, drying shrinkage
[Link] concretemasonry blocks asspecified in IS: 2185 Part1
Samples:
Submitforverificationpurposes,samplesofblockunitsandobtainapprovalbeforeplacingorder
withsuppliers.
Products
BlocksshallcomplywiththerequirementsofIS:2185andasindicatedbelow.
Block
BlocksshallcomplywiththerequirementsofIS:2185andasindicatedbelow.
Blocksshallbegenerallyhard,sound,square,cleanandsharpwithwell-definedarises.
 Blocksshall
be of grade “C” as per Table 2 of IS 2185 (Part 1)
Minimumaveragecompressivestrengthofunits:5N/mm2.
Minimumcompressivestrengthofindividualunits:4N/[Link]: 1800kg/m3.
 Dimensions
:
Thickness-100,150,200,250&300mmasshowninthedrawing
Length-400,500or600mm
Height-200mm
Tolerance:Thevariationinthelengthoftheunitsshallnotbemorethan±5mm andvariationin height
and width of units, not more than ± 3 mm.

62
 Cement
OrdinaryPortlandcementofgrade43complyingtoIS:8112shallbeusedunlessotherwise specified. or PPC
complying to IS1484 Part 1
Sand
Sand for masonry mortars shall have the quality and particle size grading conformingto IS: 2116
latest edition. The grading of sand for use in mortar for unreinforced and reinforced blockwork
shall be within the specified limits for respective works. The fineness modules of sand for
mortar in unreinforced block work shall be between 2.9 and 2.3 and the same for
reinforcedblockworkshallbebetween2.9and2.1andwhosegradingfallsoutsidethespecified
limitsduetoexcessordeficiencyofcourseorfineparticlesmaybeprocessedtocomplywiththe standard
by screening and or blending. Any deviation may be allowed at the discretion of Engineer. Sand
shall be hard, durable, clean and free from dirt clay, organic matter orother impurities.
Percentage of clay and all other deleterious substances shall not exceed 5% byweight of sand.
when tested per IS: 2386 Part 1 and2.
Water
WaterconformingtoIS:456andasapprovedbytheEngineershallbeused.
Admixtures
Additives or admixtures conforming to IS: 9103, IS: 3812 and IS: 2645 may be added to the
cementorconcretemixconformingtotheISspecifications,meetingapprovalofthe Engineer.
Admixtures shall be chloride free and melamine polymer based, if approved. Other
additivesoradmixturesnotbeinggovernedbyIndianStandardsshallbetestedandcheckedthat the
same are not detrimental to durability. However, any addition shall only be afterthe approval of
the Engineer.
AncillaryMaterials
Constructionsealant.
Lintels: Provide RCC lintels over all doors and wall openings in block work. Size of the lintel
shall be as per structural drawing.
Sleeperbeams&mullions:Anyblockwallofheightmorethan2.5mshallbeprovidedwith
[Link](Beamstobeconstructedoverblockwork)[Link] is more,
sleeper beams should be placed at every 2.5m. Itshall be also provided with R.C.C. mullion at
every 3.0m length. Size of the sleeper beams and mullions shall be as per structural drawing.
ExecutionJoints
Thejoints,bothhorizontalandvertical,[Link] rakedto forman
effective 'key'withtheplaster andunexposedjoint shall bestuck smooth
MortarMix
The mortar mix for laying shall be one-part cement to four parts of sand (1:4), unless otherwise
specified.
Horizontal(Bedding)Joints
Mortar shall be spread over the entire top surface of the block including front and rearfacesas
[Link] 10mmand shall be
raked 10 mm. deep while mortar is green. Raking back shall be carried out at an angle
norsteeper than45degrees in case alltheblock workis notraisedtogether.
Vertical(Cross)Joints
 Forvertical joints, the mortar shall be applied on the vertical edges of the front andrear
shellsoftheblocks. The mortar may be applied either to the unit already placed on the wall or to
the next unit to be laid alongside of it. However, it will be more convenient to apply mortar
ontheedgesofthe succeeding unit when it is standing vertically and then placing it horizontally
well pressed againstthe previously laidunit. In any case, whateverthemethod
usedforapplyingmortar,care shall be taken to produce well compacted verticaljoints.
Inthecase of two cell blocks, there may be a slight depression on their vertical sides,
whichshallalsobe filled up with mortar to secure greater lateral rigidity.
Mortarshall not be spread so much ahead of the actual laying of the units, so that it tends
tostiffenandloose its plasticity, thereby resulting in poor bond.
 Whenthe

63
mortar has stiffened slightly, it shall be firmly compacted with a jointingtool. The mortar shall
be pressed against the unit with a jointing tool after the mortar has stiffened to affect intimate
contact between the mortar and the masonry unit and obtain a weather tight joint.
 Ifnecessary,
mortarmaybeadded,particularlytotheverticaljoints,toensurethattheyarewellfilled.
 Mortar joints
shall be moistened with a fine water spray for about 7 days or alternatively masonry shall be
covered with polyethylene sheets to retain the moisture as approved by the Engineer.
LayingofBlocks
 For
horizontal joints, all concrete blocks shall be laid with the thicker part of shell face up for easy
handling and laying.
 Piecesof
hollow blocks shall in no case be used anywhere. Machine cut pieces ofsolid blocks, free ofany
cracking and chipping, may be used where they are absolutelynecessary subjectto prior approval
of the Engineer.
 Allblock
walls abutting concrete columns or walls shall be bonded to the samewith approved 6 mm dia
250 mm long galvanized M.S. dowels or approved G.I. butterfly ties left from the concrete
columns while casting, at every alternate course of block.
 Thefirst
course of concrete masonry shall be laid with great care, making sure that itis properlyaligned,
[Link] toobtain astraight and
truly vertical wall.
 Before
laying the first course the alignment of the wall shall be marked on the foundation footings. For
this purpose, the blocksfor this course shallfirst be laiddry that iswithout mortarover the footing,
alongastringtightlystretchedbetweenproperlylocatedcornersofthewallin order to determine
thecorrectpositionoftheblocksincludingthoseofthecrosswallsjoining itandalsoadjusttheir spacing.
When the blocks shall be removed, a full mortar bed shall be spreadonthefootingand
[Link]
[Link]
seasons, top and sides of blocks may be slightly moistened to avoid absorptionofwaterfrom
[Link](s)andbeambottomshallbe prepared properly by hacking to avoid
debonding. The string shall then be stretched tightly along the faces of the two corner blocks
and the faces of the intermediate ones adjusted to [Link] block shall
be removed and re-laid over a bed of mortar. After every three or four blocks have been laid,
their correct alignment, level andverticality shall be carefully checked. The units shall not be
realigned tapped or in any way moved after initial placement as movement shall break the bond
between units and mortar, after which the mortar will not re adhere well to the masonry units.
 The
constructionofwallsmaybestartedeitheratthecornersorstartedfromoneend proceeding in the other
direction. If the corners of the wall are built first, they shall bebuilt four or five courses higher
than the center of the wall. As each course is laid at the corner,it shall be checked with a level or
straight edge to make certain that the faces of the blocks are all in the same plane. Each course,
in building the corners, shall be stepped back by a half block and the
horizontalspacingoftheblockshallbecheckedbyplacingamason'sleveldiagonally acrossthe corners
of the block.
 Whenfilling
in the wall between the corners, a mason's line shall be stretched from corner to corner for each
course and the top outside edge of each block shall be laid to this [Link] manner of handling
or gripping the block shall be such as to position the block properlywith minimum.
 Aseach
blockislaid,excessmortarextrudingfromthejointsshallbecutoffwiththe trowel and thrown back on
the mortarboard and to be reworked into the fresh mortar. If the work is
progressingrapidly,theextrudedmortarcutfromthejointsmaybeappliedtothe verticalface

64
[Link] stiffenonthe block,
the mortar shall be removed to the mortarboard and reworked. Dead mortar that has been
pickedupfrom the scaffold or from the floor shall notbeused.
 Blockwork
shallbeconstructedonlyuptoafewcentimetersbelowthestructuralmembersabove leaving a gap
between the block and the structural member. The last layer of block masonry shall be laid by
provisioning a groove of 15mm x 12 mm on the external side, whichshouldbe filedupwithepoxy-
basedmortarandMetal beforeplasteringor other finishingworkistaken up.
 Inthecaseof
cavity walls, both thicknesses shall be carried up together and in no case shall one thickness be
carried up more than two courses in advance of theother.
 Blockwork
tobedoneuptolintellevelfirstandfurtherworkwillproceedonlyafter fixing / laying of cable / duct /
pipes etc. No claim in this regard is acceptable.
ClosureBlock
When installing the closure block, all edges of the opening and vertical edges of the closure
block shall be buttered with mortar. The closure block shall be carefully lowered into place. If
anyofthemortarfallsoutleavinganopenjoint,theclosureblockshallberemoved,fresh mortar applied,
and the operation repeated. Closure unit locations shall be staggered throughout the length of
wall.
PrecautionaryMeasures
 The
followingmeasuresshallbetakentopreventformationofcracks.
 While
curing,theblockmasonryshallbelightlysprinkledwithwaterandnotmadeexcessivelywet.
 Expansion
jointsshallbeprovidedinwallsexceeding30minlength.
 Unless
otherwise specified 8 mm dia bar shall be provided in the bed joints in block work, one course
above and one course below windows and above doors in order to distribute the shrinkage /
temperature stresses occurring at the corners of openings, more uniformly throughout the walls
and cost of such steel shall be covered in the rates of relevantitems.
 Inframed
structures, erection of partition and panel wallsshall be delayedtaking careofdeformations due to
structural loads.
 Partition
wall should be suitably reinforced in lower courses to strengthenagainst excessive deflections
offloorslabs andshould beseparatedfromtheceilingbyalayerof resilientmaterial. Joint shall be
carried out in plaster or any otherfinish.
 100mmwall
shall be reinforced in alternate courses with two 8 mm dia longitudinal steel bars to strengthen
againstexcessivedeflectionsoffloorslabsandsuchcostshallbe coveredintheratesoftheitem. Joint
shall be filled with cement sand mortar (1:3).
Heightofmasonryconstruction
Blockwallistobeconstructeduptoamaximumheightof1400mminonelift.
BearingWalls
When two bearing walls meet or intersect and the courses are to be laid up at the same time, a
true masonry bond between at least 50 percent of the units at the intersection shall be ensured.
Singlereinforcement bar of8 mmdia shallbeprovided at every such location within thehollow &
as such cost shall be covered in therates ofrelevantitems.
Hollows at the intersection of two walls are to be filled and compacted with M-20grade
concrete. However, concrete pour shall be stopped 25 mm below the top surface of the top
course to provide the key for the next pour.
RenderingandOtherFinishes
[Link] be
finished only after they are fully dried.

65
Whereplastering isrequired, alljointsofblockworkshallbefullyrakedtoadepthofat least10 mm
while carrying out the block work.

BrickWork

i) Thebricks
shallconformtotheISNo.1077-1986ofminimumcrushingstrengthof75Kg./cm 2.(First Class)

ii) Thebuilding
bricks are to be the best quality table moulded kiln burnt, patent bricks, hard sound, square with sharp
arises, even and uniform in shape and colour free from cracks, stones, flaws and other [Link] of
bricks are to be submitted to the Project Manager for approval before full quantity is [Link] supply
of brick to conform to the sample [Link] brick after 24 hours immersion in water shall absorb water
more than 15% of its own weight.

iii) Thecement
and sand shall be as described under 'Cement Concrete' and the mortar unless specified otherwise in Bill
of Quantities is to be composed of one part cement to four parts of coarse sand by volume, thoroughly
mixed by [Link] cement used in mortar shall be thoroughly machine [Link] mortar that
has started to set shall be used in the work.

iv) Everybrick
shall be thoroughly soaked in water before [Link] bricks shall not be used except as [Link]
courses shall be truly horizontal and the work strictly plumb, joints shall be broken vertically and they
shall not exceed 12mm in [Link] joints in brick work are to be well filled with mortar.

v) Thebrick
work shall not be raised more than 12 single courses per day and shall be built in English bond, except
brick on edge and half brick thick walls shall be built in stretcher [Link] for brick on edge work, the
bricks shall be placed with "frog" facing upwards.

vi) Alljointsin
brick work on both the faces shall be raked out 6mm deep as the work proceeds, and before the mortar
sets.

vii) Thebrick
work is to be carried out with all necessary set backs, projections, cuttings and toothings in conformity
with the drawings.

viii) Thebrick
work shall be cured by watering and continuously kept wet for 10 days, and the work shall be well
protected during rainy season.

ix) All uneven, irregular and bad brick work poor in workmanship shall be demolished if deemed
necessary by the Project Manager and rebuilt by the contractor at the contractors' [Link] necessary
the contractor will have to provide wooden plug, etc. for his own work and for which there will be no
special payment on that [Link] work will have to be executed at any height and liftand will not form
the criterion for any extra amount.

x) Should any efflorescence be observed in brick work, it should be washed down by clean water and
brick surface treated with such chemicals as are deemed necessary by the Project Manager without any
extra charge and at the contractors' own expenses, till efflorescence [Link] the efflorescence
persist, the brick work shall be demolished if deemed necessary by the Project Manager and the work
rebuilt with new bricks including making good all the work disturbed without any extra charge.

xi) Half brick masonry: All brick work under 115 mm thick shall be reinforced with one no. 16 gauge
25mm wide MS flat in every fourth [Link] said flat shall be cast in or securely fixed to adjoining
concrete walls or columns by screw with [Link] extra for the cost of MS flat will be paid.

66
xii) Wall under structural members- Allowance shall be made for leaving, temporarily open
courses immediately below all structural members built into the walls. The open courses shallbe
left to permit full deflection of structural members. The open courses shall then be madegood
and pointed up after the structural members have been fully loaded and before the completion of
the work.

PlasterWork
General
DescriptionofWork
Theworkcoveredunderthesespecificationsconsistsofsupplyingallmaterialsand rendering all types
of plaster/pointing finishes strictly in accordance with these specifications, applicable drawings
etc.
QualityAssurance
Cement, sand and water required for the work shall, conform to specifications laid down herein
before under section 'Cement concrete (plain and reinforced)', except that sand for plastering
shall be conforming to IS: 1542.
Submittals
ProductData:
Submit manufacturer's product specifications and installation instructions for each material
including products and other data as may be required to show compliance with these
specifications.
Certificates:
Contractorshallsubmittestcertificatesforeachmaterialasmayberequiredasper relevant IScodes.
Samples:
Prepareandinstallsampleplasteringpanelofnotlessthan2.0m2areatodemonstratethe specified plastering.
PRODUCTS
Cement
OrdinaryPortlandcementofgrade43complyingtoIS:8112shallbeusedunlessotherwise specified. Or PPC
conforming to IS: 1489.
Sand
Sand for plaster work shall have the quality and particle size grading conforming toIS: 1542
latest edition. Sand shall be hard, durable, clean and free from dirt clay, organic matter or other
impurities. Percentage of clay and all other deleterious substances shall not exceed 5% byweight
of sand when tested per IS: 2386 Part 1 and2.
Water
WaterconformingtoIS:456andasapprovedbytheEngineershallbeused.
Admixtures
Additives or admixtures conforming to IS: 9103, IS 3812 and IS2645, may be added to the
cementorconcretemixconformingtotheISspecifications,meetingapprovalofthe Engineer.
Admixtures shall be chloride free and melamine polymer based, if approved. Other
additivesoradmixturesnotbeinggovernedby Indian Standardsshallbetestedandcheckedthat the
same are not detrimental to durability. However, any addition shall only be afterthe approval of
the Engineer.
ChickenWireMesh
All junctions of Masonry wall with R.C. structure e.g. column, beam, lintel etc. which are to be
plastered, shall be reinforced by fixing strips of approved 22 SWG G.I. chicken wiremesh250
mmwidewith anoverlappingof100mmcentrallyoverthelengthofjunction.G.I. chickenwire
meshofrequiredwidthshallalsobefixedoverchasingforconduits,pipes,[Link] masonrywalls before
plastering is commenced.
CementBasedWallPutty
Overallinternalplasterandceilingplaster whitecement-basedwallputtyshallbeapplied unless
otherwisespecified.
EXECUTION
General
Thickness
 Thecementplastershallbe12mm,15mmor20mmthickasspecifiedintheitem.

67
 Where the thickness required as per description of the item is 20 mm the average thickness
of the plaster shall not be less than 20 mm whether the wall treated is of brick or stone. In the
case of brick work, the minimum thickness over any portion of the surface shall be not less than
15 mm while in case of stone work the minimum thickness over the bushings shall be not less
than 12 mm.
 The surface to be plastered shall be raked out properly, dust and loose mortar shall be
brushed out. The concrete surface shall be hacked before plastering if not already [Link]
surfaceshall bethoroughly wettedbeforecommencement ofplastering. Scaffolding required for
facility of working shall be provided by the contractor at his own cost. This may be double or
single according to the requirement and shall be approved by the [Link] scaffolding
[Link] for accidents, if
any, take place. The contractor shall co-operate with the other agencies also. Whenever
electrical contractor / agency hasto fix up switch boxesin walls,necessary 'Thiyyas', 'Tapanish' or
‘Dhadas' shall be arranged to be given in advance of actual plastering process at these locations
so that the boxes are fixed properly in line with finished plaster [Link] finishing inand
aroundtheseboxesasalsoaroundtheconduitboxesinceilingshallbedoneby plastering contractor
without any extra cost. The decision of the Engineer in this regard shallbefinaland binding on
the contractor.
 All junctions of Masonry wall with R.C. structure e.g. column, beam, etc. which are to be
plastered, shall be reinforced by fixing strips of approved 22 SWG G.I. Chicken wire mesh 250
mm wide with an overlapping of 100 mm centrally over the length of junction. [Link]
wiremeshofrequired widthshall alsobefixedoverchasingforconduits,pipes,[Link] walls
before plastering is [Link] mesh shallbenailedrigidlyto the masonry with G.I. nails of
suitable type at approx. 400 mm centers. The finished mesh shall be straight,rigid and laid
without sagging. The contractor shall take into account the cost of G.I. chicken wire mesh while
quoting for plastering work.
 If the surface which is to be plastered either internally or externally is out of plumband not
in line and level and if the plastering to be done is more than specified thickness to bring the
plastered surface to perfect line and levels, in such specific cases, chicken wire mesh is to be
provided by the contractor at his own cost and the plaster should be done to requiredline and
levelwithnoextracost [Link] expectedtobecarriedout along with
masonry but itshouldbechecked thoroughlytoreceivegoodkey. Dustandloosemortarshall be
brushed out. Efflorescence if any shall be removed by brushing and scrapping. The surface shall
then be thoroughly washed with water, cleaned and kept wet before plastering is commenced.
Walls should be sufficiently damp prior to plastering. Water from plasteringmortar must not be
absorbed by masonry under any condition. Thickness of one coat should not be more than
15mm and less than 8 mm for single coat finished plaster.
 In case of concrete surface if a chemical retarder has been applied to the form work, the
surface shall be roughened by wire brushing and all the resulting dust and loose particlescleaned
off and care shall be taken that none of the retarders is left on the surface.
 No plastering work shall be started before all conduits, pipes, fittings and fixturesclamps,
hooks, doors and window frames etc. are embedded, grouted and cured and all defects removed
to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Special approval shall be taken from the Engineer before
commencing each plastering work. No cutting of finished plaster shall be allowed under any
circumstance. Noportionshallbeleftoutinitiallytobepatcheduplateron.
 The finished plastered surface shall be free from cracks, fissures, crevices, hair cracks,
blistering, local swelling and flaking. The finished surface shall be true to line, level, plumb &
plain and durable. The adhesion of the mortar with the background surface is of prime
importance as this affects durability of plaster. Preparation of surface which has to take
plastering is of great importance. Before starting the plastering work the surface should be got
approved by the Engineer. In order to avoid the formation of deep and side cracks and for
dispersion of cracks at the junctions between concrete surfaces and brick masonry work as also
between junction of windows/door frames and brick/block masonry works, the cautionary
measuresshouldbecarriedoutoverwhichtheplasteringworkasrequiredbytheEngineer.
 The minute gap between window/doorframes with sills and jambs should be filled
up/caulked by epoxy putty/silicon sealants/polysulphide sealant by approved methods as
instructed/approvedbyEngineer.

68
 The grooves shall be of required dimensions. The same shall be made to turnwherever
necessary. The finish inside shall be of the same finish as that of the plaster. The lines of the
grooves shall be well defined and rounded. The grooves are to be provided in plastering in
internal and external surfaces as shown or directed. The rates for plaster shall include the makingof
grooves.
 When suspending work at the end of the day, the plaster shall be left, cut clean to line both
horizontally and vertically. When recommencing the plastering, the edge of theold work shall be
scrapped cleaned and wetted with cement slurry before plaster is applied to the adjacent areas,
to enable the two to properly join together. Plastering work shall be closed at the end of the day
on the body of wall and not nearer than 15 cm to any corners or arises. It shall not be closed on
the body of the features such as plasters, bands and cornices, nor at the corners of arises.
Horizontaljointsinplaster workshallnotalsooccur onparapettops and copingsasthese invariably
lead to leakages. The plastering and finishing shall be completed within half an hour of adding
water to the dry mortar. No portion of the surface shall be left out initially to be patched up later
on. The plastering and finishing shall be completed within half an hour of adding water to the
dry mortar.
MixProportions
 The mortar for plastering shall be of proportion as specified in the item schedule. Themixes
specified in the schedule are volumetric. Volumetric mixing shall be based on dry volumes of
each ingredient.
 Themortar ofthespecifiedmixusingthetypeof [Link] shall be
as specified in Subhead 3.0. For external work and under coat work, the fine aggregate shall
conform to grading IV. For finishing coat work the fine aggregate conforming to grading zone
V shall be used.
Mixing
Cement and fine aggregates shall be mixed dry in the required proportions to obtain auniform
[Link]. Mixing shall be done
mechanically. However, manual mixing will be allowed atthe discretion of the Engineer.
Manual mixing, where adopted shall be carried out on a clean watertight platform. After water is
added during mixing, themixshall beheldback andforth [Link] machine mixing,
the mixer shall run at least five minutes after placing all the ingredients in the
[Link] halfanhourafterthe addition of water
shall be prepared at a time. Any mortar for plaster whichissetorpartiallyset shall be rejected and
shall beremoved forthwith from thesite.
InternalPlaster
 The proportions of sand and cement shall be as specified in CPWD Specifications for wall
and ceiling and shall cover all irregularities, undulations, depressions due to chasing etc. in the
surface to be plastered. The mortar shall be applied slightly more than specified, thick and
pressed and levelled with wooden ruler or straight edge to finished thickness. Straight, edges
shall be freely used to ensure a perfectly even surface. The finished surface shall be trueand
even and present uniform texture throughout and all joining marks shall be eliminated. All
corners, edges and angles shall be made perfectly to line, plane and plumb. All exposed angles
and junctions of walls, doors, windows, beams, slabs etc. shall be carefully finished so asto
furnish a neat and even surface.
 Plasteringitemsamongstallotherthingsasdescribedinvariousitemsalsoinclude:
 Preparation of surfaces to receive the plaster, providing cement plaster of the specified
average thickness and proportions with specified number of coats.
 Alllabour,materials,scaffolding,useoftoolsandequipmenttocompletetheplasteringwork as per
specifications.
 Curingfor 10 [Link] plastershall be kept wet for aperiod of atleast 7 days. During this
period,itshallbesuitablyprotectedfromalldamages atthe contractor’sexpensebysuchmeans as the
Engineer-in-Charge may approve. The dates on which the plastering is done shall be
legiblymarkedonthevarioussectionsplasteredsothat curingforthespecifiedperiodthereafter can be
watched.
 Cleaningthe surfaceofdoors, windows,floorsoranyother surfaces where plasteringmight
havesplashed.
 Finishingtheportionofplasterleftaboveanytypeofskirtingworktobefinishedroundedor

69
asdirectedbytheEngineer,inaseparateoperationafterlayingoffloorandskirting.
 The item shall also include rounding up of corner and angles making sharp corners and
angles finishing around ceiling rose and electrical fittings etc. fixed by other agencies, junctions
ofroofand wallorbeam withthefinishasspecifiedintheitem. Plasteringofbrickandconcrete cornice
and copings and plastering in restricted areas if any shall not be measured separately.
 Architectural bands and narrow widths of plaster over structural as well as non-structural
andthelinewhenpreparedinthesamethicknessofplastershallnotbemeasuredseparatelyand shall be
covered by respective plaster items.
 All interior plaster shall be extended upto 12 mm below the skirting or dado level atno extra
cost wherever required.
WallPuttyPunning
 Unless otherwise specified, all internal wall & ceilings surface shall be finishedsmooth with
white cement-based wall putty.
 For surface preparation, remove all loosely adhering material from the wall surfacewiththe
help of emery stone, putty blade or wire brush and clean water. The substrate shouldbe clean,
free from dust, grease and loose materials. Dry and absorbent surfaces should be moistened with
sufficient quantity of clean water.
 Wall putty shall be mixed with 30-35 % clean water slowly to make a paste. Continue the
mixing for 10-15 minutes till a uniform paste is formed. Mixing may be done manually or by
[Link] an hour
after the addition of water shall be prepared at a time. Any putty mixing which isfullyor partially
set shall be rejected and shall be removed forthwith from the [Link] shall be done in
layers. Maximum layer thickness shall be within 1.5mm 3.0mm as instructed by Engineer.
 It shall be the contractor's responsibility to ensure that cracks do not develop duringthe
executionorsubsequentlyduringthedefectliabilityperiodandthecracksifanyobservedshall be
rectified including finishing, white washing/painting as specified, without any extra cost to the
Owner, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer.
SandFacedCementPlaster
 The surface to be plastered shall first be thoroughly cleaned down. All joints shallhave been
raked out in case of brickwork/block work/stone masonry as the work proceeds. Concrete
surface shall also be clearly hacked, and wire brushed if not already done before plastering is
taken up. The surface to be plastered shall be well wetted for a minimum period of 6 hours
[Link] as
specified in the BOQ/schedule of items.
 Doublescaffoldingsrequiredfor facility of construction shall be provided bythecontractor at
his own expenses wherever directed by the Engineer. The contractor shalltake all measuresto
ensure the safety of the work and workmen. Any instruction of the Engineer in this respect shall
also be complied with. The contractor shall be entirely responsible for any damage to property
or injury to persons, resulting from faulty scaffolding, defectiveladders and materials or
otherwise arising out of his default in, this respect. Proper scaffolding shall be provided to
alloweasy approachforworkmenandsupervisorystafftoeverypartofthe work.
BaseCoat - The surface tobe plasteredshall firstbe dabbed outwith cementmortar to cover all
irregularities and faces upto proudest part. The dabbing coat which shall beof proportion as
specified in BOQ/schedule of items and a 12 mm. thick layer shall then beapplied/scoredand
keys shall be formed on the surface by thoroughly combing it with heavy horizontallinesabout
12 mm apart and about 3 mm deep when mortar hasjustset.
Second Coat - The cement mortar for sand faced plaster shall have washed and approved sand
with slightly larger proportions of course materials, but not exceeding 3 [Link] proportion of
cementtosandshallbeasspecifiedinBOQ/[Link] graduallyadded to make the
mixture homogenous. The thickness of finishing coatexcluding key shall be 6 mm. A reasonable
time (not more than 48 hours) shall be allowed after application of base coat for thorough drying
before the application of second coat. After application the surface should be finished
withawoodenfloatlined withcorkcloselypricked onwithwetspongetappedgentlyto bring sand
particles into prominence.
WaterProofingCompound/Admixtures
Wheneverspecified,waterproofingcompoundoradmixturesofapprovedmakeshallbeadded

70
entiresatisfactionoftheEngineer.
ApplicationofPlaster
Wall plastering shall be started only after the completion of ceiling plaster from topand
gradually worked down towards floor. It shall not, at any place be thinner than as specified. To
ensure even thickness and a true surface plaster of about 15 cm x 15 cm shall be first applied
horizontally and vertically at not more than 2 m interval over the entire surface to serve as
gauges. The mortar shall then be applied to the wall / surface between the gauges and finished
even. All corners, junctions and roundings shall be truly vertical or horizontal andfinished
carefully. Generally, work in an enclosure shall be completed in one day. For larger areas if the
work has to be suspended at the end of the day, plaster shall be cut clean to line. Where
recommencing the plastering, edge of old work shall be scrapped, cleaned and wettedwith
cement putty before restarting plastering.
Precaution
Any cracks which appear in the surface and all portions which sound hollow when tapped, orare
found to be soft or otherwise defective, shall be cut out in rectangular shape and redone as
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
(i) When ceiling plaster is done, it shall be finished to chamfered edge at an angle at its
junction with asuitabletool whenplasterisbeing done. Similarly when the wall plaster is being
done,
it shall be kept separate from the ceiling plaster by a thin straight groove not deeper than 6 mm
drawn with any suitable method with the wall while the plaster is green.

(ii) To prevent surface cracks appearing between junctions of column/beam and walls, 150 mm
wide chicken wire mesh should be fixed with U nails 150 mm centre to centre before plastering
the junction. The plastering of walls and beam/column in one vertical plane should be carried
out in one go. For providing and fixing chicken wire mesh with U nails payment shall be made
separately.

PilingWorks
IndianStandards
Indianstandardstobefollowedare:
Allrelevantstandardsasspecifiedelsewhereinthisvolumeareapplicable.

456 Code of practice for plain and reinforced

concreteS
516 Method of test for strength of concrete.
S
2911 Code of practice for design and construction of pile S
Foundation.
PartISec1,3 Concretepiles,drivencast-in-situ
PartISec2,4 Concretepiles,andBoredcast-in-situconcretepiles.
Material
Cement,CoarseAggregate,FineAggregate,Water,AdmixtureandSteelReinforcement shallbe as
detailed in specification and in the BOQ.
Reinforcement
ReinforcementshallconformtoIS:1786(latestversion)gradeFe-500formechanical properties
[Link] either-Mfrom
Vizag(RINL)[Link]
following:
a) Longitudinal/Ties/Spacer bar Reinforcement provided shall be as per approved design
with respect to diameter, numbers and should run through the entire length of the pile. d) Cover
Clear cover to reinforcement shall be as per approved design (min50mm).
Bentonite
Bentonitepowdertobeusedbymixingwithwaterinsuspensionshallbesuchasto maintain the stability
of excavation in trench/bore. Each consignment of bentonite powder received by the contractor
shall be accompanied by the Test Certificate from the manufacturer stating its properties as
determined by the supplier / manufacturer. The Certificate shall be submitted to the
PM/Consultant for his record.

71
Polypropylenefabric
FabricType Non-woven
MaterialComposition 100%polypropylene Weight180-200gm/Sqm
Thickness 1.6mm(Approximately)
Weftway 30Kg
Warpway 30Kg
Airpermeability 110lts/Sqm/Secondat100mmwater
Minburstingstrength 16Kg/[Link].

EquipmentandAccessories
Theequipment and accessories will havetobeselected depending uponstrata,locationof work,
capacity,sizeandweightofpiletobehandled.
ScopeOfWork
o This section covers for providing bored reinforced concrete load bearing pile foundations
including boring work, steel reinforcement, cast-in-place concretepiles, finishing of pile
heads and all other work as required.
o The work included consists of all necessary services and furnishing of all labour, material,
tools, equipment and related items for full performance of the contract items as shown on
the drawings, or as specified or reasonably implied or incidental to construction
developments betweentrades.
 Inbrief,itemsofworkshallbeasfollows:
o Coordinationofdrawingandsettingoutatsite.
o Boring for piles including chiseling hard strata like boulder/weathered and hard rock,
bentoniteslurry, disposal ofexcavated material, keeping thesiteclean, etc.
o Providingandfixingsteelreinforcedcagewithorwithoutanti-corrosivetreatment andfixing liner
to reinforced cage as specified in BOQ.
o Placingallworkfurnishedbyothertradesinformsbeforecastingtheconcrete,fixing liner to
reinforced cage if any. Cast in-situ concrete piles to required depths and heights Chipping
andbuildingupofpileheads Allothermiscellaneousconcreteandrelatedworkshowninthe
drawings and/or called for in theBOQ.
o The contractor shall be responsible for the safe load capacity of each pile and/or group of
piles and shall guarantee his workmanship and materials against any damage resulting
thereforetothe building superstructure erected onthe pilefoundation.
o The contractor shall, taking into account thesite investigation information available and his
ownlocalknowledge, submit, withhistender,thefulldetailsofhisproposalsforthepiles.
o The contractor shall include in his tender, provision for a qualifiedsite engineer experienced
in piling construction to supervise the work and who shall be approved bythe
PM/Consultant,and who will work full-time at the site.
o During progress of works, all care shall be taken to safeguard nearby existing structure,
excavated areas, adjacent piles etc.
o The contractor shall take all care in spacing of piles Practical movability and aspect of
installation
o Nature of the load transfer to the soil and possible reduction in bearing capacity of a group
of piles thereby.
FoundingStrata
 The pile should penetrate the specified strata as per termination criteria defined based on
the design capacity.
 The contractor shall provide and maintain, during the progress of hiswork,asuitablefirm
working surface at the site and as the work proceeds shall remove from the site all excavated
materialandrubbisharisingthustothesatisfactionofthe PM/Consultant.
 The contractor shall, during the progress of the works, maintain full records of each pile
constructed including the soil profile as bored, the length anddiameter of the pile and the
quantityof concreteplacedinthepileintheproformaasdetailedhereunder orasdirected bythe
PM/Consultant.

72
 The contractor shall take every precaution to avoid damage tothe existing structures in the
[Link]
existingstructuresinthevicinityasaresultofconstructionofpile foundation shall beborne by the
contractor.
 The minimum grade of concrete and cement content shall conform to IS 2911. Concrete in
aggressive surroundings dueto presence of sulphates etcshall be as per provision of IS 456.

Workmanship
BoredCastInSituPiles
Co-ordinationofDrawings
The contractor shall co-relate all relevant Architectural, Structural and Services drawings and
satisfy himself that the information available therein is complete and unambiguous. Any
discrepancyindrawing shall bebroughttothenoticeofthe PM/Consultant prior toexecution of
[Link] cost.

SettingOut
A benchmark shall be established by constructing a masonry pillar or marking ona suitable
structure at the site. Based on the drawing the contractor shall prepare a layout drawing
indicating pegs setting in both direction for approval of the Engineer in charge. The approved
setting out shall be carried out at site with the use of Theodolite, steel tapes, etc. For proper
executionitisrecommendedthatawell-builtmasonrypillarbeprovidedwithtop surfaces that are
smooth finished to predetermined levels and marked sharply with axisfor cross
[Link],pillarsandothermarksusedinsetting out are
protected and preserved till the completion of operation. The contractor shall be fully
responsible for the accuracy and sufficiency of layout, and to achieve the standard of work
required.

Boring
Boring may be done by rotary or percussion equipment, grabbing equipment orby reversed or
directed mud circulation method. Stabilization of the sides of the bore hole, ifrequired,should be
done by the use of drilling fluids orcasing.
The drilling fluid, where required should be used atleast from the level of subsoil water and the
hole should then be always kept almost full of the fluid which should preferably be kept in
motion. The density and composition of the fluid shall be such as to suit the requirements of the
ground conditions and to maintain the line materials from the borings in suspension. A5%
bentonite suspension would be generally suitable.
Construction sequence from the centre onwards from a group of piles shall be prepared and
submitted for approval of the Engineer in charge.

Jetting
Jetting by means of water may use in fine grained soil having very small percentage of clay.
Jettingshallbecarriedoutonlyafterexpress permission oftheEngineerincharge.
Jet tubes may be casted into piles. There may be two or four jet holes depending upon typeof
method approved by the Engineer in Charge. Alternatively tow of more jet pipes may be
[Link] [Link] shall be
tested before driving commences.
The quantity of water required to make the jetting effective will vary with the natureof the
ground andthesize ofpile. Precaution shallbe takento avoid collecting of water when it comes to
ground surface. It shall be ensured that stability of the piling and piling plant is not endangered
by softening of the ground.
Jettingshallbestoppedbeforecompletingthedriving.
Jetting shall be stopped when it any tendency of pile tips being drawn towards the piles already
driven in noticed.

Cleaning
The bottom of the bore holes shall be cleaned of all the spoils and sediments before placing the
concreteandafterplacingofcagereinforcementsothatthebasesofpilesshallbefreefrom

73
loosematerial.

Reinforcement
Reinforcement used shall be made up into cages sufficiently well-wired towithstand handling
without damage. Bars shall be placed at sufficient distance to allow easy flow of [Link]
lateraltiesandspiralbindingshall conform to standards and design [Link]
shallbetakento preserve correct cover of 50mm or as specified in drawings and alignment of
reinforcement throughout the whole operation of placing theconcrete.

Concreting
 Concreting shall start as soon as possible after the completion of boring. If bore holes are
notconcreted withintwo hours,theyshallbecleanedthoroughlypriortoplacingtheconcrete.
 Concreting shall be done so as not have any voids formed due to faulty consolidation of
entrapped air. The volume of concrete placed shall be observed and checked to monitor any
deviation in the volume of the concrete placed.
 Concretingshallbeplacedbymeansofatremiepipe.
 It shall be ensured that the concrete entering the termite pipe does not get mixed up with
slurry. The tremie pipe shall extend up to the bottom of the bore hole at the start and shall be
withdrawninsectionsasthelevelofconcreterisesintheboreholes,butitsdischargeendshall at all times
be embedded in the concrete to a minimum depth of one metre or a sufficient head to prevent
the inflow of soil and water.
 All large bore piles shall be brought up to 60 cm or higher as directed than the theoretical
cut- off point to permit all laitance and weak concrete to be removed and sound correct length
keying in the pile cap.
Additionalprecautionsshallbetakenintremiepipeconcreting
a. Concreteshallbecoherent. Minimumcementcontentslumpshall conform to IS 2911.
b. When concreting is carried out under water a temporary casing to full lengthof the boreor 2
M in non-collapsible strata shall be installed to avoid drop of sides into concrete.
c. Thehopper andtremie shouldbeaclosedsystem embeddedin the placedconcrete, through
which water cannot pass.
d. For tremie pipe concreting pipe shall be of minimum 200 mm dia. and sizeof aggregate
maximum 20 mm.
e. First charge should be placed with a sliding plug pushed down the tube with a steel plate of
adequate charge to prevent mixing of concrete and water. Plug should not be left inconcreteas lump.
f. Tremiepipeshouldalwayspenetrateintoconcrete.
g. Pileshould be wholly concreted with tremie method to avoid laitance from being entrapped
within the pile.
h. Alltremiepipeshallbecleanedafteruse.

WithdrawalofCasing
Extraction of casing in the case of large dia. bore piles shall be done in such a way that no
necking or shearing of the concrete in the shaft takes place.

FinishingPileHeads
The top of the piles shall be brought up above the finished level to permit all laitance and weak
concrete to be removed. It shall be ensured that pile heads are properly keyed intothe pile cap.
Aminimum distance of7.5 cm orasspecified inthedrawings shall be maintained.
All large bore piles shall be brought up to 60 cm or higher as directed than the theoretical cut-
offpointtopermit alllaitanceandweakconcretetoberemovedand sound correctlength keying in the
pile cap.

Tolerances
The contractor shall exercise every care to ensure that all the piles are located at the correct
assigned positions as indicated in the drawings. The piles shall be, as accuratelyas possible,true
to the vertical.
Permissiblepositionaldeviationforboredpilesshallnotbegreaterthan7.5cmforpilesupto

74
180 cm in diameter at the level of the bottom of the pile cap. The deviation from the vertical
shall not be more than 1 in 100.

Records
A competent supervisor shall be present to record the necessary information when the pile is
being driven. The data record shall be kept in the form as prescribed in IS 2911 (Part I)
Appendix H or as directed by the Engineer inCharge.

TestingOfPilesLoadTests
TestsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirementsofIS2911(PartIV).

TestingProcedure
The contractor shall submit the description of his procedure for carrying out the load test for the
approval of the PM/Consultant, at least one month prior to thefirst load test. The Engineer in
Charge reserves full rights for demanding modifications of the test procedure proposed by the
contractor.

NumberofTests
ThenumberofloadtestscarriedoutbythecontractorshallbecarriedoutasperIS2911PartIV.

Equipment
Thecontractorshallprovideallnecessaryequipmentforsupplyingspecifiedverticalloads on top of
the test piles and measuring settlement of the piles. The equipmentprovided shall be capable of
slowly applying and maintaining loads to within an accuracy of 1% and measure deflection to
accuracy of 0.02 mm.
Before commencing load testing of piles, all load testing equipment, e.g., hydraulic jacks,
pressure gauges, deflector meters, etc. shall be tested for their accuracy from an approved
laboratory. The testing deflector meters along with their test certificates shall be kept in the
custody of the Engineer in Charge until start of the test. The hydraulic jacks shall be placed on
thepileonlyonthedate oftesting inthe presence oftheEngineer inCharge

LoadingDevice
The device for applying vertical load shall be suitably designed to avoid impact,lateral forces,
tilting,[Link] hydraulic jack and
for reading at close intervals. The load shall be in the form of suitable ken ledges/reactions.
Intheabsenceofaloadingplatform,theloadingdevicemaybeasunder.
The hydraulic jack reacts against heavy RS joists or a suitable load frame held downby anchor
[Link],buttheyshallbe sufficient in number
and adequately reinforced to take the full tension with proper factorof safety.

ApparatusforMeasuringSettlement
Theapparatusformeasuringsettlementshallconsistof4dialgaugespermittingareadingof 0.02
[Link] datumbarwhoseendsrestupon non- movable
supports. The supports for the datum bar with reference to which the settlement of the
pilewouldbemeasured shallbeatleast5xdawayclearfromthepiles,'d'beingthediameterof thepile.

PreparationofPileHeadforTesting
[Link],ifthecut-offlevelisconsiderably
belowthegroundlevel,thetestpilemaybemadeasdirectedbytheEngineerinChargeItshall be
constructeduptogroundlevelandduedeductionsshallbemadeinthepilecapacityto account
fortheresistance offered by the soil from thetheoretical cut-off level to thetest level of
[Link] head of the pile shall be capped in such a manneras to produce a horizontal plane
bearing surface.

LoadingProcedure

75
The maximum test load shall be 1.5 times the anticipated working load on the pile for routine
andcyclicloadtestsand3.0timestheanticipatedworkingloadorloadtodestruction

ProcedureforInitialTests
o Initial tests are specifically recommended for adequate investigation in case of major
projects. Tests shall be carried out as soon as possible.
o Thetests shall be carried out by applying a series of loads onthe RCC cap over a pile or a
groupofpilesunaidedbyanyothersupport. Theloadshallbeapplied bymeansofthe hydraulic jack
reacting against a loaded platform (device as detailed earlier), which shall be preloaded to not
less than two and a half times the estimated safe load carrying capacity of the pile. The
hydraulic jack shall be of adequate capacity and shall have apressure gaugeandremote-control
pump.
o The test load shall be applied in equal incrementsof about one-fifth of the estimated safe
load or as directed by the . Engineer in Charge. Alternate loading and unloading at each
increment shall beperformed andtheelasticandplasticsettlementsrecorded.
o Readings of settlement and rebound shall be recorded with the help of at least two dial
gauges(preferablyfour)of0.02mmsensitivityandrestingondiametricallyoppositeends ofthe pile
cap. The dial gauge shall be fixed to a datum bar whose ends rest on non-
[Link] of the pile would
be measured, shall be at least 5 d away, clear from the piles where d is diameterofthepile.
o Eachstageloadingshallbemaintainedtilltherateofmovementofthepilecapisnotmore than 0.02
mm per hour.
o Loading shall be continued till the settlement of the pile top equals one-tenth of the
diameter ofthepile stem (one-tenth ofthe sidein caseofsquare piles), ortheloadisthree times the
estimated safe load on the pile, whichever is earlier.
o The full test load shall be maintained for 24 hours. If the settlement has not reached a
steadyvaluewithinaperiodof24hours,thefulltestloadshallberetaineduntilthe settlement recorded
for the next 24 hours remains constant.
o Thesafeloadonthepileshallbeassessed as per IS 2911 Part4.

ProcedureforRoutineTest
 It shall be the same as in the case of the initial test detailed above. If desired by the
PM/Consultant, working load application shall be in increments of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150
percent of the anticipated working [Link] test load shall remain on the pile for 24 hours. The
test may be carried out on one or more workingpiles.
Thesafeloadshallbeassessed as per IS 2911 Part [Link]
 The loading shall be applied on the test pile or group of piles by the hydraulic jack
assembly with pressure gauge in increments of about one-fifth of the assumed safe load. The
reaction shall be obtained against a loaded platform or heavy R.S. joist bolted down to anchor
piles.
 Alternateloadingandunloadingshallbecarriedoutateachstageandsubsequent elastic rebound
in the pile shall be measured accurately by a minimum of two (preferablyfour)
settlementgaugesfixedatdiametricallyoppositeendstoadatumbarrestingonimmovable

76
supports. In order to simulate the effect of future fluctuations of load, a cycle of loadingand
unloading may sometimes be repeated at 5-to 10-minute intervals before applying thenext
higherload.
 [Link] full test
load shall remain on the pile.

TensionTests
If required, tension tests shall be done for a maximum test load of 2 times the safe tension
capacity of thepile.
Two adjacent working piles shall be treated as reaction piles and tensile loading appliedby
meansofhydraulicjackagainstasteeljoist(built-inifnecessary)restingonthereactionpiles.
The contractor shall submit his proposal for testing along with detailed sketches and
computations pertaining to the test for the approval of the PM/Consultant at least one month
before the date of the test.
Alternate loading, unloading and recording of readings shall be done in the same manner as for
cyclicloading.

LowStrainPileIntegrityTesting
[Link] IntegrityTester
equipment manufacturedby Pile Dynamics Inc. of USAorTNOof Netherlands that conforms to
ASTM D5882.
The test shall be conducted by generating impact of handheld hammer and the averaged curve
shall be velocity record as a function of time. In general, atleast 2 locations shall be testedfor
pile more than 600mm diameter.
TestPreparation:
The test shall be conducted minimum 10 days after pile installation and after the pile top
concrete has been chipped off to sound concrete level and made uniform. The pile top shall be
free from water, dirt or other debris.
The pile head shall be made smooth using carborundum stone or grinder or chisel onatleast 2
locations one atthe center ofthepileandother 300mmawayfromthecenter for data collection.

ResultPreparation
The data must be displayed on the field such that atleast preliminary evaluation can be [Link]
interim report shall be submitted within 3 days of field testing. A complete report to be
submitted within 7 days after the test showing graphical wave form indicating velocity versus
time plot,interpretation of results showing discontinuities,cross-sectional ormaterial changesif
any, concrete quality etc. The test shall be conducted in accordance withASTM D5882.

HighStrainDynamicPileTesting
[Link] Analyzer. The
equipment shall have ability to record both force and velocity. Both strain and acceleration
sensors shall be used to collect data & at least 2 pairs shall be connected at
diametricallyoppositesidesof [Link] testandequipmentshall conformtoASTM D4945-
[Link] an experiencedindependenttestagency.
EquipmentandSiteArrangement:
High Strain Dynamic Testing shall be performed using Pile Driving Analyzer, with its allied
strain and acceleration sensors, cables etc. The pile shall be tested minimum 14days after
installation.
The hammer weight and setup arrangements shall be as per specifications of test agency;
however,thefollowing [Link] shallbeconductedbyimpactingthepile
topwithahammerwhoseweightis1%to1.5%[Link] normally vary from
1m to 3m. A single line crane or winch and tripod shall be used for the impact.
Thepileheadforthetestshallberebuiltto1.5timespilediameterusingformworkor casing. If casing is
used, windows 200mm x 200mm shall be cut into the pile at 1.5diameters for fixing sensors.
Plywood cushion and steel plate shall be placed onto the pile headbefore impact and this shall
be based ontest agency recommendationsalthough minimum20mm thickness shall beused.

77
TestResults:
The report shall be submitted within 1 week of testing and shall include force velocity curves,
pile capacity, simulated static load test curve, net & total pile displacement, pile integrity. A
(Case Pile Wave Analysis) CAPWAP analysis shall be conducted on the field data for correct
capacity estimation and to evaluate end bearing and skin friction components of thepile.

PileIntegrityTest:
Pile integrity test is done to assess the continuity of piles. With this test necking or bulging and
uniformity of quality of concrete is checked. It is a Non-Destructive integrity test method for
foundation piles. (Low strain method)
Test Equipment: The equipment shall havethefollowingminimum requirements:Theanalogto
digital resolution shall be at least 24 bits,
Thesamplingfrequencyshallbeatleast25,000Hz.
Datashallbestoredsuchthatadditionalprocessingorfurtherwaveanalysisispossible.
Datashallbedisplayedinthefieldforevaluationsofpreliminarydataqualityandinterpretation.
Theequipmentshallallowattachmentofamotionsensingdevicecapableofmeasuring
acceleration,velocityordisplacementduetotheimpactofthepiletopwithahandheldhammer.

TestPreparation
For cast in place piles, integrity testing shall not be performed until the concrete has cured for a
minimum of seven (7) days unless otherwise approved by the engineer. The pilehead shall be
free from water, dirt or other debris. The concrete at the pile top surface must be relatively
smooth and provide sufficient space for attaching the motion sensing device and forthehammer
impactarea.
100% of all piles shall be integrity tested. If less than 100% of piles are initiallytested,
additional piles may be selected for testing at the discretion of the engineer ifcircumstances
either during or after pile installation should make a piles' integrity suspect, or if the initial tests
reveal majordefects.

AcceptanceandRejection
Shafts with no significant reflections from locations above the pile toe and with a clear pile toe
reflection may be accepted. Where no clear toe reflection is apparent, the experienced test
engineer shall state to which shaft depth the test appears to be conclusive. Wherereflections
fromlocationswith significant reductionsin pileareaorpilematerial strengthorstiffness above
thepiletoeareobserved,[Link],theresultsmay be deemed
inconclusive. Construction records (concrete usage, grout pressure records,soilborings) may be
valuable in result interpretations or additional numerical analysismodelingmay be used to
quantify the record. The decision to reject and replace, or repair, any defective
shaftisatthesoleresponsibility oftheengineer-of-recordforthefoundation.

RemedialAction
Rejected or questionable piles may be replaced. Questionable piles may also be subjected to
further testing, e.g., static load testing, dynamic load testing, core drilling, ultra-sonic logging,
etc. Remedial action may include pressure grouting through core holes. If thepile top appears
questionable, further pile top cut-off and retesting may be advisable. If a majority of piles
diagnoseas"inconclusive", partialor evencompletepileexcavationor anothertestmethodmay be
necessary for pile acceptance.

FailureofTest
If the tested pile does not satisfy the specified requirements of a successful test and if thefailure
is attributed to defective workmanship or negligence on the part of the contractor,all costs of the
load test, the cost of providing and installing additional piles, cost of additional or enlarged pile
caps and other work necessitated because ofthe defective pile, shall be at the cost of the
Contractor.

DefectivePiles

78
The PM/Consultant reserves the right to reject any pile which, he considers, has not been
constructed according to [Link] contractor shall leave the rejected piles in place or
pullthemoutasjudgedappropriate anddirectedbythe. Engineer in [Link] extrapayment will be
made on this account.
The cost of extra piles at new locations, their reinforcement, concrete, etc. and any other
additional work required as a result of rejection of defective piles shall be borne by the
contractor.

SheetPilingScope
The work shall consist of furnishing and placing the specified kinds and types of piles at the
location.

SitePreparation
All site preparation as may be required or as shown on the drawings and any excavation within
theareato beoccupied bypilesshallbecompletedbeforethepiles aredriven.

ProtectionOfPileHeads
Theheadsofallpilesshallbeprotectedduringdrivingbysuitablecaps,rings,heads,blocks, mandrels, and other
devices
Theheadsofsteelpilesshallbecutsquareandfittedwithasteel-drivingcap.
Driving heads, mandrels, and other devicesshall be providedby theContractor asneededfor
specialtypesofpiles and shall conformtotherecommendations ofthepilemanufacturer.

DrivingSheetPiling
The piling shall be driven in such a manner as to insure perfect interlockingthroughout the entire
length of each pile to the depth specified. The piles shall be held in proper alignment during
driving by means of assembling frames or other suitable temporaryguide structures.
Temporaryguidestructuresshallberemovedwhentheyhaveservedtheirpurpose.
Atanytimethattheforwardedgeofthesheetpilewallisfoundtobeoutofcorrectalignment:
(a) Thepilingalreadyassembledandpartlydrivenshallbedriventotherequireddepth,and
(b) Taper piles shall then be driven to bring the forward edge into correct alignment before
additional regular piling is assembled and driven. The maximum permissible taper in a single
pile shall be one-fourth inch per foot oflength.

CuttingOffPiles
The Contractor shall cut the piles off at the specified elevations. The length of pile cut off shall
be sufficient to permit the removal of all damage material.
Steel sheet piles shall be cut off in clean, straight lines as shown on the drawings. Any
irregularities shallbeleveled off with depositsof weld metal or by grindingbefore placementof
bearing caps.
DefectivePiles
Anypiledamagedindriving,drivenoutofitsproperlocation,drivenbelowthespecifiedcutoff
elevation, or inaccurately cut off shall be corrected by one of the following methods, whichever
is approved by the Engineer:
The defective pile shall be pulled and replaced or re-driven; A new pile shall be driven adjacent
to the defective pile; or
The defective pile shall be spliced or built up or a sufficient portion of the footing shall be
extended to properly embed the pile.
All piles pushed up or dislocated by the driving of adjacent piles or by any other cause shall be
re-driven to the proper position.
Anysheetpilerupturedintheinterlockor otherwisedamagedduringdrivingshallbepulledand
replaced.

2.0 TURN KEY CONTRACTOR CAN ALSO CHOOSE BASED ON THEIR LOGISTICS

PRE CAST CONCRETE DRIVEN PILES

All cement used shall be type 1 and concrete shall contain not less than 350 kg of cement
per m3.

79
 The cross sectional dimensions of the pile shall be not less than those specifiedand shallnot
exceed them by more than 10 mm.

Any face of a pile shall not deviate by more than 6 mm from a straight edge 3 metres long
laid on the face, and the centroid of any cross section of the pile shall not deviate by more
than 1/1,000 of the length of the pile from the straight line connecting the centroids of the
end faces of the pile.

Casting

Square piles shall be cast in a horizontal position. Special care shall be taken to place the
concrete so as to produce a pile free from any air pockets, honeycombing or other defect.

Concrete shall be placed continuously and shall be compacted by vibrating or by other

means satisfactory to the Engineer. The forms shall be slightly overfilled, the surplus
concretescreededoff,andthetopsurfacesfinishedtoauniform,even texturesimilartothat
produced by the forms.

Piles may only be constructed in separate shorter elements with the approval of the
Engineer. Joints made after casting and/or stressing shall be at least as strong as the piles
themselves in every respect.

TensioningProcedure(PrestressedPilesOnly)

Tensioning shall be carried out only in the presence of the Engineer, or his representative,
unless otherwise approved in writing.
As used here the word “tendon” shall be defined as any single prestressing element used to
apply prestressed forces to the concrete. For pretensioning this shall be each strand or
straight wire.

Alltendonsto be stressedin agroup shall be brought to auniform tensionof approximately

500 kilograms per tendon prior to being given their full tension. After this initial stressing
the group shall be stressed to a total tension as required on the Drawings by means of
hydraulic jacks or other approved appliances equipped with gauges graduated to read
directly to 1% of the total load applied, and calibrated to measure accurately the stress
inducedin thesteel. This induced stress shall be measured by elongation of thetendonsand
checked by gauge pressure. The results obtained shall be within 5% of each other.
Means shall be provided for measuring the elongation to an accuracy of one millimetre in
twenty metres of length between jacking heads. In the event of apparent discrepancies of
more than five percent between stresses indicated by gauge pressure and elongation, the
entireoperation shall be checked carefully and thesourceof error determined and corrected
before proceeding further.

Independent references shall be established adjacent to each anchorage to indicate any

yielding or slippage that may occur between the time of initial stressing
andfinalreleaseofthetendons.

Curing

Curing of the concrete shall be commenced prior to the formation of surface shrinkage
cracksand asthe concretehashardenedsufficiently to prevent injury. Curing shall conform to
the requirements of IS STANDARDS.

Release(PretensionedPilesOnly)

For precast pretensioned members the tendon stress shall be maintained

betweenanchoragesuntiltheconcretehasreachedacompressivestrengthequaltothe“Transfer

80
 Strength”[Link] attained,thetensionin the
tendons shall be gradually and simultaneously released and the tendons cut off as required
in such a way as to prevent shock. It shall be the
Contractor's responsibility to transfer the prestress safely and to the Engineer's satisfaction
in all respects.

A recess shall be cut at the ends of piles around each tendon to allow cutting off the tendon
andfilling the recess withgrout sothat the cover tothe end of the tendon isnot less than 20
mm.

Finishing

Piles shall present a true, smooth, even surface free from any surface blemishes and true to
the dimensions shown on the Drawings, within the tolerance limits.

MarkingofPiles

After a pile has been cast, the date of casting, reference number, length and, where
appropriate, the prestressing force shall be clearly inscribed on the top surface of the pile
and also clearly and legibly marked on the head of the pile. In addition, each pile shall be
marked at intervals of 250 mm along the top 3 metres of its length before being driven.

HandlingandStorageofPiles

The method and sequence of lifting, handling, transporting and storing piles shall be such
[Link] point ofeachsizeofpile shall beproposedbythe
Contractor with supporting calculations for approval of the Engineer which verifies the pile
will not bedamagedduring lifting,handling, transporting and storage. During transport and
storage, piles shall be stored on adequate supports located under the lifting points of the
piles.

Concrete shall at no time be subjected to loading, including its own weight, which will
induce a compressive stress in it exceeding one third of its strength. For this purpose the
assessment of the strength of the concrete and of the stresses produced by the loads shall be
subject to the agreement of the Engineer.

Allpileswithinastackshallbeingroupsofthesamelength. Packingsof uniform thickness shall be

provided between piles at the lifting points.

SplicedPiles

Where the Drawings do not detail any splices in piles, the Contractor may adopt spliced
pilesprovideddetailsofthesplicingmethod and drawingsaresubmittedto theEngineerfor
approval prior to the manufacture of the piles.

DrivingPiles

Strengthof Piles
Pilesshallnotbedrivenuntiltheconcretehasachievedthespecified28daystrength.

LeadersandTrestles

At all stages during driving and until incorporation in the superstructure, the pile shall be
adequately supported and restrained by means of leaders, or other guide arrangements to
maintain position and alignment and to prevent buckling. These arrangements shall be such
that damage to the pile does not occur. Leaders shall be of sufficient length to make the use
of followers unnecessary.

81
DrivingEquipment

Before any piling work is commenced the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer full
details of the pile driving equipment and the method he intends to use in carrying out the
work.

For special types of piling, driving head mandrels, or other devices in accordance with
requirements shall be provided so that piles may be driven without injury.

The driving equipment shall be of a type which assures that the energy needed to penetrate
the pile to the required depth is transmitted to the pile head without damaging the pile.
Efficiency factor of the hammer, i.e. the relation between the theoretical energy developed
by the hammer and the energy submitted to the pile, shall be minimum 0.7.

Piles shall be driven with steam, air, diesel or gravity hammers. When diesel hammers are
used, they shall be calibrated by load tests if necessary.

Whengravityhammersareusedfordriving concretepiles,thedropofthe hammershallnot exceed

1 metre and the hammer shall have a weight of not lessthan 80% of the weight of the pile
and the driving head. The fall shall be regulated so as to prevent injury to the pile.

The minimum energy developed by other types of hammers shall be the same as specified
for gravity hammers.

DrivingProcedureandRedriveChecks

Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified or approved set and/or depth has
been reached, except that the Engineer may permit the suspension of driving if he is
satisfied that the rate of penetration prior to the cessation of driving will be substantially re-
established on its resumption or if he is satisfied that the suspension of driving is beyondthe
control of the Contractor. A follower (long dolly) shall not be used.

The Contractor shall inform the Engineer without delay if an unexpected change in driving
[Link] fulllengthofthe nearest
available pile shall be taken if required.

At the start of work and in a new area or section, sets shall be taken at intervals during the
last 3 metres of the driving to establish the behaviour of the piles.

TheContractorshallgiveadequatenoticeandprovideallfacilitiestoenablethe Engineerto check

driving resistances. A set shall be taken only in the presence of the Engineer unless
otherwise approved.

Redrivechecks,ifrequired,shallbecarriedouttoanapprovedprocedure.

Final Set

The final set of each pile shall be recorded either as the penetration in millimetres per 10
blows or as the number of blows required to produce a penetration of 250 mm.

Whenafinalsetisbeingmeasured,thefollowingrequirementsshallbemet:

a) Theexposedpartofthepileshallbeingoodconditionwithoutdamageordistortion.
b) Thedollyandpacking,ifany,shallbeinsoundcondition.
c) The hammer blow shall be in line with the pile axis and the impact surfaces shall be flat
and at right angles to the pile and hammer axis.
d) Thehammershallbeingoodconditionandoperatingcorrectly.
e) Thetemporarycompressionofthepileshallberecordedifrequired.

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DrivingSequenceandRisenPiles

Piles shall be driven in an approved sequence to minimise the detrimental effects of heave
and lateral displacement of the ground.

When required, levels and measurements shall be taken to determine the movementof either
the ground or of any pile which results from the driving process.

When a pile has risen as a result of adjacent piles being driven, the Contractor shallsubmit
tothe Engineer hisproposalsfor correctingthis andthe avoidanceof itin subsequent work.

Jetting

Water jetting shall not be allowed. Continuous vibratory percussive methods shallbe used to
drive a pile to both its design depth as well as the required set where the upper strata affords
high resistance to driving.

LengthofPiles

The lengths of the piles shown on the Drawings are based on information which has been
obtained from a site investigation prior to the driving of test piles.

Beforepilelengthsarefinallysettled,theContractorshallconstructtothelengths shownon the

Drawings such pilot piles as may be found necessary and thesepiles shall be driven in the
positions specified by the Engineer who shall be notified in advance of the driving. The
Contractor shall furnish the Engineer daily with adetailed record of the pilot piles for thefull
depth of driving. After attaining theapproved set, driving shall be continued until
[Link] approved
set is obtained shall be called for to demonstrate that driving resistance continues to
increase. The Contractor shall then providethe remainder of the piles. In determining the
lengths of piles the Contractor shall base his order list on the lengths assumed to remain in
[Link]
provideforfreshheadingandforsuchlengthsasmaybenecessarytosuithismethodof operation.

ReferenceismadetoSection4.4withregardtoloadtestsonselectedpilot piles.

RepairorDamagedPileHeads

Whenrepairingthehead of apile,the headshall be cutoffsquareat sound concrete,and all loose

particles shall be removed by wire brushing, followed by washing with water. If the pile is
to be subjected to further driving, the head shall be replaced with concrete of an approved
grade.

If the driving of a pile has been accepted but sound concrete of the pile is below the cut-off
level,thepileshall bemadegoodtothecut-off level with concreteof a gradenot inferior to that
of the concrete of the pile.

Repairedpilesshallnotbedrivenuntiltheaddedconcretehasreachedthespecifiedcharacteristic strength of
the concrete of the pile.

CutoffandExtension

Prestressed concrete piles shall be cut off at such elevation thatthey shall extend into the cap
or footing as indicated on the Drawings. In the case of hollow core piles starter bars shall be
cast into the core at the top of the piles and extended into the cap or footing, all as
[Link]

83
 permitted, unless a provision for lengthening prestressed piles was incorporated at the time
of manufacture. Any method for lengthening shall be such that joints are capable of taking
safely the stresses during driving and under load.

DamagetoAdjacentStructuresandServices

The Contractor will take all necessary precautions to avoid damage to any adjacent
structures and services. If during the execution of the work damage is, or is likely to be,
causedtoanyadjacentstructuresorservices,theContractorshallsubmittothe Engineerhis
proposals for repair or avoidance of such damage.

Records

The Contractor shall keep records as indicated below of the installation of each pile and
shall submit two signed copies of these records to the Engineer not later than noon of the
next working day after the pile is installed. The signed records shall form a record of the
work.

Thefollowingdataarerequired:

a) Pilelocation
b) Pilereferencenumber
c) Piletype
d) Nominalcross-sectionaldimensionsordiameter
e) Lengthofpreformedpile
f) Dateandtimeofdrivingorredriving
g) Groundlevelatcommencementofinstallationofpile
h) Workinglevel
i) Piletoelevel
j) Type, weight, drop and mechanical condition of hammer and equivalent information for
other equipment
k) Number and type of packing used and type and condition of dollyused during drivingthe
pile
l) Setofpileinmmper10blowsornumberofblowsper250mmofpenetration
m) Ifrequired,thesetstakenatintervalsduringthelast3metresofdriving
n) If required, temporary compression of ground and pilefrom timeof a markedincreasein
driving resistance until pile reaches its final level
o) All information regarding obstructions delays and other interruptions to the sequence of
work

SOILANCHORS
 Tieback holes tobe drilled to depths atan angle of10degrees [Link] must be
positioned such that a projection of the hole centerline coincides with the tieback. Angle of
tieback can be increased or decreased by approximately 5 degrees as necessarydue
tofieldconditions encounteredafterobtainingpriorapprovalfromtheEngineer.
 High strength rods shall be installed in the holes using spiders to center the rod in the hole.
Rod is to project from hole so a coupler can be readily fitted. High strength grout is to be
immediately injectedinto the primary penetration area. Thehigh strength grout shall havea
minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi. at 28 days. The slump at time of placement
shall be more than 1 inch and less than 3inches.
 Contractor will be responsible for re-drills or tieback replacement for those, which fail to
meet testloads.
 The tieback rods shall extend through holes cut in the sheeting. The installation of the
stiffeners, and anchor plate with grout when specified, shall follow with tightening the
anchor nuts.
 Whengrouthasattainedtheminimumstrengthspecified,stressshallbeappliedas per IS code
[Link] the test has been performed, the stress
84
 andcertifiedbyatestingthelaboratory.
 The Contractor shall install wedge washers as required to correct any misalignment of
anchor rod with wale seat. Anchors shall be stressed straight and true. Kinking or sharp
curvature in anchors under tension shall be cause for [Link] shall show noexcessive
movement atthetest loadduring testingtimeand thetesting jackshall be capable ofholding
testloadfor 10 minutes without bleedingoff ofpressure.

85
OUTLINESPECIFICATIONSSTEELSTRUCTURES

5.0TUBULAR/HOLLOWand ROLLED SECTIONSforBEAMS,COLUMNSANDTRUSSES

Thefollowinggradesofsteelshallbeusedforsteelstructures:

1. Rolled Section conforming to IS 2062 shall be grade E250/E350

2. Hollow Sections shall conform to IS 4923 and shall be grade Yst 240 / Yst 310 / Yst 355.
Intumescent fire retarding paintof approved make in minimum thickness of required thickness as per
design for fire rating of120/90/60 minutes (as required by NBC) to exposed steel work at any height in its
finally erected position as per Manufacturer’s recommendations for surface treatment and application
including primer cross beams sprayed in position & at site including all scaffolding, primer, finish coat &
ancillary tools machinery required all as per manufacturers recommendation & certification, etc. all
completed to theentire satisfaction of Project Manager.
Fire/IntumescentPaint:NoblePaints,Juton,WAHSU

Vermiculate fire retarding coat:of approved make in minimum thickness of required thickness as per
design for fire rating of120/90/60 minutes (as required by NBC) to exposed steel work at any height in its
finally erected position as per Manufacturer’s recommendations for surface treatment and application
including primer cross beams sprayed in position & at site including all scaffolding, primer, finish coat &
ancillary tools machinery required all as per manufacturers recommendation & certification, etc. all
completed to theentire satisfaction of Project Manager.
Fire/Vermiculate Paint:

DeckSheet

Galvanized profiled sheet of Minimum 0.9mm thickness of minimum grade 350 MPa with total
galvanizationof275gsm asper relevant IScodesincludingedgestrips,deckclosureplatesor equivalent
including cutting, erecting at all levels, providing openings including supplying and fusion weldingshear
connector studs conforming to ASTM A 108-99 Grades 1010-1020 steel of minimum ultimate tensile
strength 450 MPa and a minimum elongation of20% in 2 inches; Shear Studs shall be per design

86
 conforming to Indian Standards or equivalent. The studs shall be placed such that the centreline of the
studs placed shall align with the beam web below. The deck sheets shall be laid such that the placement
of studs is not impacted and their full capacity is developed.
ApprovedmakeDeckSheets:Jindal(TR50),TataSteel(CF80),APLApollo,orequivalent

5.1STRUCTURALSTEELWORK

5.2.1 This specification covers the fabrication and transportation to site and erection on prepared
foundations and structural steel work consisting of beams, columns, vertical trusses, bracings,shear
connections etc.

5.2.2 Fabrication, erection and approval of steel structures shall be in compliance with : These
General Specifications andIS: 800 –1984 Drawingsand supplementary drawings tobe suppliedto
the contractors during execution of the work.

5.2.3 Providing shop primer coat for steel structures. Grouting of holding-down bolt pockets and
below base plates where required.

5.2.4 In case of conflict between the Clauses mentioned here and the Indian Standards, those
expressed in this specification shall govern.

5.3 Scope

5.3.1 The fabrication and erection of the steel work consists of accomplishing of all jobs here-in
enumerated including providing all labour, tools and plant all materials and consumables such as
welding electrodes, bolts and nuts, oxygen and acetylene gases, oils for cleaning etc. of approved
quality as per relevant IS. The work shall be executed according to the drawings, specifications,
relevant codes etc. in an expeditious and workman like manner, as detailed in the specificationsand
the relevant Indian Standard Codes and Standard Practice and to the complete satisfaction of the
Project Manager.

5.4 FabricationDrawings

5.4.1 The contractor shall prepare all fabrication and erection drawings on the basis of design
drawings supplied to him and submit the same in triplicate to the Project Manager for review,
Project Manager shallreviewand comment,if any, [Link],ifany,bytheProject
Manager, does not relieve the contractor of any of his required guarantees responsibilities. The
contractor shall however be responsible to fabricate the structurals strictly conforming to
specifications and reviewed drawings.

5.4 ,2Fabricationdrawingsshallincludethefollowing:

Member sizes and details

Typesanddimensionsofweldsandbolts
Shapes and sizes of edge preparation for welding
Detailsofshopandfieldjointsincludedinassemblies.

Billof material

Quality of structural steels, welding electrodes, bolts, nuts and washers etc. to be used.
Erection assemblies, identifying all transportable parts and sub-assemblies, associated with
special erection instructions, if required.
Calculationswhereaskedfor,for approval.

5.4.3 Connections, splices etc. other details not specifically detailed in design drawings shall be
suitably given on fabrication drawings considering normal detailing practices and developing
full member strengths. Where asked for calculations for the merit shall also be submitted for
approval.

87
5,4.4 Any alternate design or change in section is allowed when approved in writing by the
Project Manager.

5.4.5 However if any variation in the scheme is found necessary later, the contractor will be
supplied with revised drawings. The contractor shall incorporate these changes in his drawings
at no extra cost and resubmit for review.

5.4.6 Project Manager review shall not absolve the contractor of his responsibility for the
correctness of dimensions, adequacy of details and connections. One copy will be returned
reviewed with or without comments to the contractor for necessary action. In the former case
further three copies of amended drawings shall be submitted by the contractor for final review

5.4.7 The contractor shall supplythree prints each of the final reviewed drawings tothe Project
Manager within a week since final review, at no extra cost for reference and records.

5.4.8 TheProjectManagerwillverifythecorrectinterpretationoftheirrequirements.

5.4.9 If any modification is made in the design drawing during the course of execution of the
job, revised design drawings will be issued to the contractor. Further changes arising out ofthese
shall be incorporated by the contractor in the fabrication drawings already prepared at no extra
cost and the revised fabrication drawings shall be duly got reviewed as per the above Clauses.

5.5 Materials
5.5.1 RolledSections
Thefollowinggradesofsteelshallbeusedforsteelstructures: Structural steel will generally be of
standard quality conforming to IS: 226. Whenever welded construction is specified plates of
more than 20 mm thickness will generally conform to IS: 2062.

5.5.2 WeldingMaterials
WeldingelectrodesshallconformtoIS:814.
ApprovalofweldingproceduresshallbeasperIS.

5.5.3 Bolts,Nuts&Washers
Bolts and nuts shall be as per IS: 1367 and tested as per IS:1608. It shall have a minimum
tensilestrengthof44Kg/mm2andminimumelongationof23%onagaugelengthof5.65(A- Original
cross sectional area of the gauge length). Washers shall be as per IS: 2016.

5.5.4 All materials shall conform to their respective specifications. The use of equivalent or
highergradeoralternatematerialswillbeconsideredonlyinveryspecialcasessubjecttothe approval
of the Project Manager in writing.

5.5.5 Receipt& StoringofMaterials

Steelmaterialssuppliedbythecontractormustbemarkedforidentificationandeachlotshould be
accompanied by manufacturer's quality certificate, conforming chemical analysis and
mechanical characteristics.

Allsteelpartsfurnishedbysuppliershallbechecked,sortedout,straightened,andarrangedby grades
and qualities in stores.

Structuralswithsurfacedefectssuchaspitting,cracks,[Link] defects
exceed the allowable tolerances specified in relevant standards or as directed by the Project
Manager.

Welding wire and electrodes shall be stored separately by qualities and lots inside a dry and
enclosedroom,incompliancewithIS:816 -1969andasperinstructionsgivenbytheProject Manager.
Electrodes shall be perfectly dry and drawn from an electrode even, if required.
Checkingofqualityboltsofanykindaswellasstorageofsameshallbemadeconformingto

88
relevantstandards.

Eachlot of electrodes, bolts, nuts, etc. shall be accompanied by manufacturer's test certificate.
Thecontractormayusealternativematerialsascomparedtodesignspecificationonlywiththe written
approval of the Project Manager.

5.5.6 MaterialTests
The contractor shall be required to produce manufacturer's quality certificates for the materials
[Link]'scertificates, theProjectManager may
ask for testing of materials in approved test houses. The test results shall satisfy the
requirements of the relevant Indian Standards.
Wheneverqualitycertificatesaremissingorincompleteorwhenmaterialqualitydiffersfrom standard
specifications the contractor shall conduct all appropriate tests as directed by the Project
Manager at no extra cost.
Materialsforwhichtestcertificatesarenotavailableorforwhichtestresultsdonottallywith relevant
standard specifications, shall not be used.

5.6 Fabrication
Fabrication shall be in accordance with IS: 800 Section V in addition to the following:
Fabricationshallbedoneasperapprovedfabricationdrawingsadheringstrictlytoworkpoints
[Link]. Work
shall also include fabricating built up sections.
Anydefectivematerialusedshallbereplacedbythecontractorathisownexpense,carebeing taken to
prevent any damage to the structure during removal.
Allthefabricatedanddelivereditemsshallbesuitablypackedtobeprotectedfromanydamage during
transportation and handling. Any damage caused at any time shall be made good by the
Contractor at his own cost.
Anyfaultyfabricationpointedoutatanystageofworkshallbemadegoodbythecontractorat his own
cost.

Workmanship
5.6.1 PreparationofMaterials
Prior to release for fabrication, all rolled sections warped beyond allowable limit shall be
pressedorrolledstraightand freedfromtwists,takingcarethatanuniformpressureisapplied. Minor
warping, corrugations etc. in rolled sections shall be rectified by cold working.

ThesectionsshallbestraightenedbyhotworkingwheretheProjectManagersodirectandshall cooled
slowly after straightening.
Warpedmemberslikeplatesandflatsmaybeusedassuchonlyifwavelikedeformationdoes not
exceed L/1000 but limited to 10 mm (L-Length).
Surfaceofmembersthataretobejointedbylaporfilletweldingorboltingshallbeevensothat there is no
gap between overlapping surfaces.

5.6.2 Marking
Markingofmembersshallbemadeonhorizontalpads,ofanappropriateracksorsupportsin order to
ensure horizontal and straight placement of such members.
Markingaccuracyshallbeatleast+1mm.

5.6.3 Cutting
Membersshallbecutmechanically(bysaworshearorbyoxyacetyleneflame).
Allsharp,rough,orbrokenedges,andalledgesofjointswhicharesubjectedtotensileor oscillating
stresses, shall be ground.
Noelectricmetalarccuttingshallbeallowed.
Alledgescutbyoxyacetyleneprocessshallbecleanedofimpuritiespriortoassembly. Cutting
tolerances shall be as follows:
a) Formembersconnectedatbothends+1mm.
b) Elsewhere+3mm.
Theedgepreparationforweldingofmembersmorethan12mmthickshallbedonebyflame cutting and
grinding. Cut faces shall not have cracks or be rough.
EdgepreparationshallbeasperIS.(weldy&edgeprep)

89
5.6.4 Drilling
Boltsholesshallbedrilled.
Drillingshall bemadetothediameterspecifiedindrawings.
No enlarging of holes filling, by mandrolling or oxyacetylene flame shall be allowed.
Allowedvariationsforholes(out-of-roundness,eccentricity,plumb-linedeviation)shallbeas per
IS:800.
Maximum deviation for spacing of two holes on the same axis shall be + 1 mm.
Twoperpendiculardiametersofanyovalholeshallnotdifferbymorethan1mm.
Drilling faults in holes may be rectified by reaming the holes to the next upper diameter,
providedthatspacingofnewholecentresanddistanceofholecentrestotheedgesofmembers are not
less than allowed and that the increase of hole diameter does not impair the structural strength.
Hole reaming shall be allowed if the number of faulty holes does not exceed 15% of the total
number of holes for one joint.

5.6.6 PreparationofMembersfor Welding

Assemblyofstructuralmembersshallbemadewithproperjigsandfixturestoensurecorrect
positioning of members (angles, axes nodes etc.)
Sharpedges,rustofcutedges,notches,irregularitiesandfissuresduetofaultycuttingshallbe chipped
or ground or filled over the length of the affected area, deep enough to remove faults
completely.
Edgepreparationforweldingshallbecarefullyandaccuratelymadesoastofacilitateagood joint.
Generally no special edge preparation shall be required for members under 8 mm thick.
Edgepreparation(bevelling)denotescuttingofthesamesoastoresultinV,XKorUseam shapes as
per IS: 823.
The members to be assembled shall be clean and dry on the welding edges. Under no
circumstancesshallwet,greasy,[Link] from
any foreign matter likely to get in to the gaps between members to be welded.
Beforeassemblytheedgestobeweldedaswellasadjacentareasextendingforatleast20mm shall be
cleaned (until metallic polish is achieved).
Whenassemblingmembers,propercareshallbetakenofweldingshrinkageanddistortions,as the
drawing dimensions cover finished dimensions of the structure.
TheelementsshallbegotcheckedandapprovedbytheProjectManagerortheirauthorised representative
before assembly.
Thepermissibletolerancesforassemblyofmemberspreparatorytoweldingshallbeas perIS: 823-
1964.
Aftertheassemblehasbeenchecked,temporarytackweldinginpositionshallbedoneby electric
welding, keeping in view finished dimensions of the structure.

5.6.7 Weldingprocedures
Welding shall be carried out only by fully trained and experienced welders as tested and
[Link]
representative or the inspectors shall constitute a right by them for such tests and the cost
involved thereon shall be borne by the contractor himself.
Qualification tests for welders as well as tests for approval of electrodes will be carried out as
perIS:[Link] with the
quality of welding required on this job as judged by the Project Manager.
Thesteelstructuresshallbeautomatically,semi-automaticallyormanuallywelded.
WeldingshallbeginonlyafterthechecksmentionedinClause5.1to5.6havebeencarriedout. The
welder shall mark with his identification mark on each element welded by him. When welding
is carried out in open air, steps shall be taken to protect the face of welding against headry
wind or rain. The electrodes, wire and parts being welded shall be dry. pre
Beforebeginningtheweldingoperation,eachjointshallbecheckedtoensurethatthepartsto be
welded are clean and root gaps provided as per IS: 823.
For continuing the welding of seems discontinued due to some reason, the end of the
discontinued seem shall be melted in order to obtain a good continuity. Before resuming the
weldingoperation,thegrooveaswellastheadjacentpartsshallbewellcleanedforalengthof approx. 50
mm.
For single butt welds (in V, 1/2 V or U) and double butt welds (in K, double U etc.) the
reweldingoftherootismandatorybutonlythemetaldepositontheroothasbeencleanedby back
gouging or chipping.

90
[Link] welds
quickly by any other method.
Formulti-layerwelding,beforeweldingthefollowinglayer,theformerlyweldedlayershallbe cleaned
metal bright by light chipping and wire brushing. Backing strips shall not be allowed. The
order and method of welding shall be so that -
Nounacceptable deformationappearsintheweldedparts.
Duemarginisprovidedtocompensateforcontractionduetoweldinginordertoavoidanyhigh permanent
stresses.
ThedefectsinweldsmustberectifiedaccordingtoIS:823andasperinstructionofProject Manager.

5.6.8 QualificationandTestingofWelders:
TheContractorshallsatisfytheEngineer-in-chargethattheweldersaresuitablefortheworkfor which
they will be employed, and shall produce evidence to the effect that welders, have
satisfactorilycompletedappropriatetests,asdescribedinIS:817PartI(1992).TheEngineer-in- charge
may, at his own discretion, order periodic tests of the welders and/or of the welds produced by
them. Such tests shall be at the expense of the Contractor.

5.6.9 QualityofWelds:
Theweldmetal,asdeposited(includingtackwelds),shallbefreefromcracks,
slaginclusions,porosity,[Link] fused
with the parent metal without under cutting or overlapping at the toes of the weld. The surface
of the weld shall have a uniform consistent contour and regular appearance.

5.6.10 Weldingofstudshearconnectors:
Unless otherwise provided the stud shear connectors shall be fusion welded to the plate girder
using stud welding machine as per the manufacturer's instructions. No other type of welding
[Link], moisture,
rust and other foreign material. The stud base shall not be painted, galvanised or cadmium
plated prior to welding. Welding shall not be carried out when temperature is below 10 degrees
Celsius orsurfaceis wet or during periods ofstrong winds unless the workandthe welder is
adequately protected. The welds shall be visually free from cracks and shall be capable of
developing at least the nominal ultimate strength of studs. The procedural trial for welding the
stud shall be carried out when specified by the Engineer-in-charge.

5.6.11 WeldInspection
Theweldseamsshallsatisfythefollowing:
shallcorrespondtodesignshapesand dimensions.
shallnothaveanydefectssuchascracks,incompletepenetrationandfusion,under-cuts,rough
surfaces, burns, blow holes and porosity etc. beyond permissible limits.
Duringtheweldingoperationandapprovaloffinishedelements,inspectionsandtestsshallbe made as
shown in annexure-B.
ThemechanicalcharacteristicsoftheweldedjointsshallbeasinIS:823.

5.6.12 PreparationofMembersfor Bolting

Themembersshallbeassembledforboltingwithproperjigsandfixturestosustainthe assemblies
without deformation and bending.
Beforeassembly,allsharpedges,shavings,rustdirt,[Link].
Beforeassembly,thecontactingsurfacesofthemembersshall becleanedandgivenacoatof primer as
per IS: 2074.
Thememberswhichareboltassembledshallbesetaccordingtodrawingsandtemporarily fastened
with erection bolts (minimum 4 pieces) to check the coaxiality of the holes.
Themembersshallbefinallyboltedafterthedeviationshavebeencorrected,afterwhichthere shall not
be gaps.
Beforeassembly,themembersshallbecheckedandgotapprovedbytheProject Manager.
Thedifferenceinthicknessofthesectionsthatarebuttassembledshallnotbe morethan3%or
[Link],itshallbecorrectedbygrinding or filling.
Reamingofholestofinaldiameterorcleaningoftheseshallbedoneonlyafterthepartshave been
check assembled.

91
Aseachholeisfinishedtofinaldimensions(reamedifnecessary)itshallbesetandboltedup. Erection
bolts shall not be removed before other bolts are set.
5.6.13 Bolting up
Finalboltingofthemembersshallbedoneafterthedefects havebeenrectifiedandapprovalof joints
obtained.
Theboltsshallbetightenedstartingfromthecentreofjointtowardsthe edge.
5.6.14 Plainingof Ends
Planingofendsofmemberslikecolumnendsshallbedonebygrindingwhensospecifiedinthe design.
Planingofbuttweldedmembersshallbedoneafterthesehavebeenassembled,thespareedges shall be
removed with grinding machines or files.
Thefollowingtolerancesshallbepermittedonmemberthathavebeenplaned.
Onthelengthofthememberhavingbothendsplaned,maximum+2mmwithrespectto design.
Leveldifferencesofplanedsurfaces,maximum0.3mm.
Deviationbetweenplanedsurfaceandmember'saxismaximum1/1500.

5.6.15 Templates:
[Link] used as
templates for drilling similar pieces, the Engineer-in-charge shall decide whether such materials
are fit to be used as parts of the finished structure.

5.6.16 HolesforFieldJoints
Holesforfieldjointsshallbedrilledinthe shoptofinal diametersandtestedintheshop,with trial
assemblies.
Whenthree-dimensionalassemblyisnotpossibleintheshop,theholesforfieldjointsmaybe drilled in
shop and reamed on site after erection, on approval by the Project Manager.
Forboltedsteelstructures,trialassemblyinshopismandatory. The
tolerance for spacing of holes shall be + 1 mm.

5.6.17 Tolerances
Alltolerancesregardingdimensions,geometricalshapesandsectionsofsteelstructures,shallbe as per
Annexure B, if not specified in the drawing.

5.6.18 Markingfor Identification

Allelementsandmemberspriortodespatchforerectionshallbeshopmarked.
[Link] thickness
of the numbers shall be chosen as to facilitate the indentification of members.
For the small members that are delivered in bundles or crates, the required marking shall be
doneonsmallmetaltagssecurelytiedtothebundle, whilethecratesshallbemarkeddirectly.

Eachbundleorcrateshallbepackedwithmembersforoneandthesameassembly;inthesame bundle or
crate, general utility members such as bolts, quests etc. may be packed.
Allbillofmaterialsshowingweight,qualityanddimensionofcontentsshallbeplacedinthe crates.
Themembersshallbemarkedwithadurablepaint,inavisiblelocation,preferablyatoneend of the
member so that these may be easily checked during storage and erection.
Allmembersshall bemarkedintheshopbeforeinspectionand acceptance.
Whenthememberisbeingpainted,themarkingareashallnotbepaintedbutborderedwith white paint.
Themarkingandjobsymbolshallberegisteredinallshopdeliverydocuments(transportation, for
erection etc.)

5.6.19 ShopTestPre-assembly
Forsteel structuresthat havethesametypeofweldingtheshoptest pre-assemblyshall be performed
on one out of every 10 members minimum. 187.
Forboltedsteelstructures,shoptestpre-assemblyismandatoryforallelementsaswellasfor the entire
structure in conformity with Clause 5.12.

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5.7 ShopInspectionandApproval
5.7.1 General
TheProjectManagerortheirrepresentativeshallhavefreeaccessatallresponsibletimestothe
contractors fabricationshopandshallbeaffordedall reasonablefacilitiesforsatisfyinghimself that
the fabrication is being undertaken in accordance with drawings and specifications.
Technical approval of the steel structure in the shop by the Project Manager is
[Link]
thenumberandkindsoftests,finalaswellasintermediateonce, or extra tests required by the
Project Manager.
Thecontractorshallfurnishnecessarytools,gauges,[Link]- technical
personnel for shop tests by the Project Manager, free of cost.

5.7.2 ShopAcceptance
TheProjectManagershallinspectandapproveatthefollowingstages: The
following approvals may given in shop:
Intermediateapprovalsofworkthatcannotbeinspectedlater. Partial
approvals
Finalapprovals
Intermediateapprovalofworkshallbegivenwhenapartoftheworkispreformedlater: Cannot be
inspected later
Inspectionwouldbedifficulttoperformandresultswouldnotbesatisfactory.
Partialapprovalintheshopisgivenonmembersandassembliesofsteelstructuresbeforethe primer
coat is applied and includes:
Approval of materials
Approvaloffieldjoints
Approvalofpartswithplanedsurfaces Test
erection
Approvalofmembers
Approvalofmarkings
Inspectionsandapprovalsofspecialfeatures,likeRollers,loadingplatformmechanismetc.
Duringthepartial approval,intermediateapprovals as wellas allformerapprovals, shall be
taken in to consideration.

5.7.3 Finalapprovalinthe Shop

Thefinalapprovalreferstoallelementsandassembliesofthesteelstructures, withshopprimer coat,
ready for delivery from shop to be loaded for transportation, or stored.
Thefinalapprovalcomprisesof:
Partialapprovals
Approvalofshopprimercoat
ApprovalofmodeofloadingandtransportApprovalofstorage(formaterials stored)

5.8 PaintingandDelivery

5.8.1 Preparationofpartsforshoppainting
Theprimercoatwillbeappliedtothefinalproductasper IS-1477(Part-1&2)followedbytwo coats of
epoxypaint. The Minimum dryfilmthicknessshouldnot belessthan 350micron. All steel
members should be properly cleaned by abrasive (Sand) blasting before applying primer coat.
The primer coat must be applied within two hours of abrasive cleaning.
Paintingshallconsistofprovidingonecoat ofredoxidezincchromateprimertosteelmembers before
despatch from shop.
Primercoatshallnotbeapplied unless:
Surfacehavebeenwirebrushed,cleanedofdust,oil,rust etc.
Erectiongapsbetweenmembers,spotsthatcannotbepaintedorwheremoistureorother
aggressiveagentsmaypenetrate,havebeenfilledwithanapprovedtypeofoilandputty. The
surface to be painted are completely dry.
Thepartswherewaterofaggressiveagentsmaycollect(duringtransportation,storage,erection and
operation) are filled with putty and provided with holes for drainage of water.
Membersandpartshavebeeninspectedandaccepted
Welds have been accepted.
Thefollowingarenottobepaintedorprotectedbyanyotherproduct: Surface
which are in the vicinity of joints to be welded at site.

93
Surfacesbearingmarkings

94
Othersurfacesindicatedinthedesign.
Thefollowingshallbegivenacoatofhotoiloranyapprovedresistantlubricantonly. Planed
surfaces

Holesforlinks
Thesurfacesthataretobeembeddedorincontactwiththeconcreteshallbegivenacostof cement wash.
Thesurfaceswhichareincontactwiththeground,gravelorbrickworkandsubjecttomoisture, shall be
given bituminous coat.
Theothersurfacesshallbegivenaprimer coating.
Special attention shall be given to locations not easily accessible, where water can collect and
whichafter assemblyanderectioncannot beinspected, paintedandmaintained. Holesshall be
providedforwaterdrainageandinaccessibleboxtypesectionsshallbehermeticallysealedby welds.

Ifspecifiedelsewhere,inthescheduleofquantities,thecontractorshallpaintfurthercoatsof red-
oxide after erection and placing in position of the steel structures.

5.8.2 Packing,transportation,delivery
Afterfinalshopacceptanceandmarking,theitemshallbepackedandloadedfortransportation. Packing
must be adequate to protect item against warping during loading and unloading.
Proper lifting devices shall be used for loading, in order to protect items against warping.
Slenderprojectingpartsshallbebracedwithadditionalsteelbars,beforeloading,forprotection against
warping during transportation.
Loadingandtransportationshallbedoneincompliancewithtransportationrules.
Ifcertainpartscannotbetransportedinthelengthsstipulatedinthedesign,thepositionand type of
additional splice joints shall be approved by the Project Manager.
Itemsmustbecarefullyloadedonplatformsoftransportationmeanstopreventwarping, bending or
falling during transportation.
Thesmallpartssuchasfish-plates,[Link] parts.
Bolts,nutsandwashersshallbepackedandtransportedincrates.
Thepartsshallbedeliveredintheorderstipulated bytheProjectManagerandshallbe accompanied by
document showing:
Qualityandquantityofstructureormembers
Position of member in the structure
Particulars of structure
Identificationnumberjobsymbol.

5.9 FieldErection

5.9.1 Theerectionworkshallbepermittedonlyafterthefoundationorotherstructureover which

the steel work will be erected is approved and is ready for erection.

5.9.2 Thecontractorshallsatisfyhimselfaboutthelevels,[Link] well

inadvance, before starting the erection. Minor chipping etc. shall be carried out bythe
contractor on his expense.

5.9.3 Anyfaultyerectiondonebythecontractorshallbemadegoodathisowncost.

5.9.4 ApprovalbytheProjectManagerortheir representativesatanystageofworkdoesnot relieve

the contractor of any of his required guarantees of the contract.

5.9.5 Storageandpreparationofpartspriortoerection
Thestorageplaceforsteelpartsshallbepreparedin advanceandgotapprovedbytheProject Manager
before the steel structures start arriving from the shop.
AplatformshallbeprovidedbytheContractorneartheerectionsiteforpreliminaryerection work.
The contractor shall make the following verifications upon receipt of material at site.
forqualitycertificatesregardingmaterialsandworkmanshipaccordingtothesegeneral
specifications and drawings.

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Whetherpartsreceivedarecompletewithoutdefectsduetotransportation,loadingand unloading and
defects, if any, are well within the admissible limit.
[Link] prevent
warping of items during unloading.
Thepartsshallbe unloaded,storedandstoredsoastobeeasilyidentified.
Thepartsshallbestoredaccordingtoconstructionsymbolandmarkingssothatthesemaybe taken out
in order or erection.
Thepartsshallbeatleast150mmclearfromgroundonwoodenorsteelblocksforprotection against
direct contact with ground and to permit drainage of water.
[Link],theseshallbedoneinaspecial place
allotted which shall be adequately equipped.
Thepartsshallbecleanwhendeliveredforerection.

5.9.6 Erection& Tolerances

Erection in general shall be carried out as required and approved by the Project Manager.
Positioningandlevellingofthestructure,alignmentandplumbingofthestanchionandfixing every
member of the structure shall be in accordance with the relevant drawings and to the complete
satisfaction of the Project Manager.
Thefollowingchecksandinspectionshallbecarriedoutbeforeduringandaftererection. damage
during transportation
accuracyofalignmentofstructures
erectionaccordingtodrawingsandspecifications
progress and workmanship.
Minor
Incasetherebeanydeviationsregardingpositionsoffoundationsoranchor bolts, whichwould
leadtoerectiondeviations,[Link]
foundations, orientation of bolts holes etc. shall be carried out as part of the work, at no extra
cost.
Thevariouspartsofthesteelstructureshallbesoerectedsotoensurestabilityagainstinherent weight,
wind and erection stresses.
Thestructureshallbeanchoredandfinalerectionjointscompletedafterplanandelevation positions of
the structural members have been verified with corresponding drawings and approved by the
Project Manager.
Theboltedjointsshallbetightenedsothattheentiresurfaceof theboltheadsandnutsshallrest on the
member. For parts with sloping surfaces tapered washers shall be used.

5.10 Finalacceptanceandhandingoverthestructure

5.10.1 Atacceptance,thecontractorshallsubmitthefollowingdocuments:
Shop and erection drawings - either in tracings or reproducible.
4copiesofeachofthe following:
shopacceptancedocuments
qualitycertificateforstructurals,plates,etc.(electrodes,weldingwire,bolts,nuts,washersetc.) List of
certified welders who worked on erection of structures.
acceptanceandintermediatecontrolprocedureoferectionoperations.
5.10.2 ApprovalbytheProjectManageratanystageofworkdoesnotrelievethecontractorof any of
his required guarantees of the contract.

5.11 MethodofPayments
5.11.1 Paymentforsteelworkshallbemadeonbasisofadmissibleweightofthestructure
accepted, the weight being determined as described in such Clause 9.10.2 below:

Therateforsupply,fabricationanderection,shallincludecostofallhandlingandtransportation to
Owner's store/site o work where supply and fabrication only are involved, trimming,
straightening, edge preparation, preparation and getting reviewed of fabrication drawings, and
providing one or more coat of Zinc Phosphate primer as specified in the schedule of quantity.

In the case, Owner supplies materials the rate shall include cost of steel materials
takingdeliveryofthematerials,fromowner'sstoreallhandlingandrehandling,loadingandunloading,

96
transporttositeorwork,returningofsurplusmaterialstoowner'[Link] the cost
of all handling and transport, scaffolding, temporary supports, tools and tackles, touching up
primer coat, grouting etc.

5.11.2 Theactuallengthsinstalledshallbemeasuredandtheweightofstructuralmaterial/plate shall

be calculated wherever necessary on the basis of IS handbook. If sections are different from IS
section, then manufacturers handbook shall be adopted. No allowance in weights shall be
made for rolling tolerance.

5.11.3 Sectionsbuiltoutofplates,structuralshallbepaidontheactualweightincorporated except

for gussets which will be paid on the weight of the smallest rectangle enclosing the shape.
No deductions shall be made for skew cuts in rolled steel sections.

5.11.4 Welds,bolts,nuts,washers,[Link] shall

be deemed to include the same.

5.11.5 No other payment either for temporary works connected with this contract or for any
otheritemsuchaswelds,shims,[Link] have
been allowed for in the rate quoted for steel work.

5.12 GroutingofPockets

5.12.1 Groutingof pocketsandunderbaseplateswillbedone onlyafterthesteelworkhasbeen levelled

and plumbed and the bases of stranchions are supported by steel shims. The space below the
base plate and pockets shall be thoroughly cleaned.

5.12.2 Themortar usedforgroutingshallnotbeleanerthan1:2(1cement: 2sand)(grade300in case of

concrete) and shall be mixed to the minimum consistency required. It shall be poured under
suitable head and tamped until the space has been completely filled.

5.13 Tolerancesallowedintheerectionofplantbuilding

Themaximumtolerancesforlineandlevelofthesteelworkshallbe+3.00mmonanypartof
thestructure. The structureshall not be out of plumb morethan 3.5 mm on each 10 [Link] of
height and not more than 7.0 mm per 30 M. section.
Thesetolerancesshallapplytoallpartsofthestructureunlessthedrawingsissuedforerection
purposes state otherwise.

5.14. Materials
5.14.1. AllmaterialstobesuppliedbytheContractorshallconformtorelevantIndianStandards as
approved by the Engineer-in-charge.

5.14.2. Structural Steel materials required for the work shall be free from imperfections, mill
scales, slag intrusions, laminations, pittings, rusts etc. that may impair strength, durability and
appearance. All materials shall be of tested quality only. Test Certificates in respect of each
consignment shall be submitted to Engineer-in-charge before use in work. Whenever the
materialsarepermittedforprocurementfromidentifiedstocks,arandomsampleshallbetested at an
approved laboratory, as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.

5.14.3. Structural steel members shall be grde of E250/E350/E450conformingto IS: 2062.

Structural steel beam shall be built up sectionin E250/E350/E450grade conforming to IS: 2062.
UB/ UC (primary/secondary) sections shall be in E250/E350 grade; for ISMB/ISMC/ISA
sections, the steel shall have yield stress of 250 [Link]-60,TR-
60orequivalentof0.9mmthick (minimum)withyieldstressof350 MPa with minimum 275 gsm
galvanization of approved make. Shear studs shall have Ultimate stress of 450 MPa. Unless
otherwise specified all anchor bolts shall be of property class of 4.6 or aboveand shall conform
to IS: 1363 (1992), IS: 1364 (1992) and IS:1367, as applicable. Unless specified otherwise,
head of bolts shall be hexagonal. All nuts shall conform
[Link], on
drawings washerfor HSFG/High Strength bolts shallbe conformingto IS:6649(1985). Also plain
washers shall be conforming to IS:5369 (1975).

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Shearing, Cutting and Planning: Cutting shall be done automatically. Cutting by shearing
machine may be usedfor plates not exceeding 10 mm inthickness providedthat the plate edges
befullyenclosedinaweld.ForPlatesabove10mm,CNCplasmacuttingshallbeusedprovided a smooth
and regular surface free from cracks and notches is secured. Chipping of edges of plates,
wherever necessary, shall be done without damaging the parent metal.
Chipped edges shall be ground to a neat finish and sharp corners and hammered rough faces
[Link]/shearedplatesshallbeplained/[Link]
preparation for welding may be done by machine controlled flame cutting, with edge free from
burrsshould becleanand [Link] girdersshall beplanedso as to
butt in close contact throughout the finished joint. The edges shall be prepared, with an
automatically controlled flame cutting torch, correctly to the shape, size and dimensions of the
groove, prescribed in the design and fabrication drawings. In case of Ugroove joints, the edges
shall bepreparedwithanautomaticfalsecuttingtorchintwophases,followingabevel outwith a
gouging pass or by machining. The welding surfaces shall be smooth, uniform and free from
fins, tears, notches or any other defects, which may adversely affect welding, and shall be free.

PlateConstruction: Automaticmetalarcweldingorsubmergedarcweldingshallbeemployed for

fabrication of all members. Metal Inert gas welding may be done for short length where access
to the location of the weld does not permit metal arc welding subject to approval of Engineer-
in-charge.

Accuracy of Fit-Up: Parts to be fillet welded shall be brought into as close contact as
practicable,andthegapduetofaultyworkmanshiporincorrectfit-upshallnotexceed1.5mm. If
greater separation occurs at any position, the size of fillet weld shall be increased at such
positions by the amount of the gap.

Jigs and Manipulators: Jigs and manipulators shall be used, where practical, and shall be
designedtofacilitateweldingandtoensurethatallweldsareeasilyaccessibletotheoperators.

Ends ofButt WeldedJoints: Theendsof buttjointsshallbeweldedsoastoprovidefullthroat

[Link],cross-runsor otherapprovedmeans.

Weld Face and Reinforcement of Butt welds: The weld face shall, at all places, be deposited
projecting the surface of the parent metal. Where a flush surface is required, the surplus metal
shall be dressed off. Testing of Butt Welds: Butt-welded joints are to be UT tested by the
Contractor at his own cost in the presence of the engineer in charge or his authorized
representative, if desired by the engineer in charge. If such tests indicate the joints to be
defective, the cost of rectification of defective welds shall also be borne by the Contractor. The
agency for testing of welds shall be specified for approval by engineering-charge. Minimum
Leg Length & Throat Thickness in Fillet Welds: The minimum leg length of a fillet weld as
deposited shall be not less than the specified size as per codal provisions. In no case shall a
concave weld be deposited, unless specifically permitted. Where permitted, the leg length shall
be increased above that specified length, so that the resultant
throatthicknessisasgreataswouldhavebeenobtainedbythedepositionofaflat-facedweldof the
specified leg length.

Dislodging: Aftermakingeachrunof welding,allslagshallbethoroughlyremovedandthe surface

cleaned.

QualityofWelds: Theweldmetal,asdeposited(includingtackwelds),shallbefreefrom cracks,

slaginclusions,porosity,[Link] beproperly fused
with the parent metal without under cutting or overlapping at the toes of the weld. The surface
of the weld shall have a uniform consistent contour and regular appearance.

WeatherConditions: Weldingshallnotbedoneunderweatherconditions,whichmight adversely

affect the efficiency of welding.

QualificationandTestingofWelders: TheContractorshallsatisfytheEngineer-in-chargethat the

welders are suitable for the work for which they will be employed, and shall produce

98
evidencetotheeffectthatwelders,havesatisfactorilycompletedappropriatetests,asdescribed
inIS:817 Part I(1992).TheEngineer-in-chargemay,at hisown discretion,order periodictests of
the welders and/or of the welds produced by them. Such tests shall be at the expense of the
Contractor.
Supervision:TheContractorshallemploycompetentweldingsupervisorstoensurethatthe
standardof workmanshipandthequalityofthematerials complywiththerequirements laid down
in this document.

MachiningofButtsandBases: Splicesandbuttjointsofcompressionmembers,dependingon contact

for stress transmission, shall be accurately machined over the whole section. In column bases,
the ends of shafts together with the attached gussets, angles. channels etc., after bolting and/or
welding together as the case may be, shall be accurately machined so that the parts connected
butt over the entire surface of contact. Care shall be taken that connecting angles or channels
are fixed with such accuracy that they are not reduced in thickness by machining by more than
0.8mm.
Requirement of Welded Joints: Apart from the requirements of welding specified under the
abovesubclauses,sectionsabove,theContractorshallensurethefollowingrequirementsinthe welded
joints.
a. Strength-qualitywithparentmetal.
b. Absenceofdefects
c. Corrosionresistanceoftheweldshallnotbelessthanthatofparentmaterialinanaggressive
environment.

Welding of stud shear connectors: Unless otherwise provided the stud shear connectors shall
be fusion welded to the plate girder using stud welding machine as per the manufacturer's
instructions. No other type of welding shall be permitted. The stud and the surface to which
studs are welded shall be free from scale, moisture, rust and other foreign material. The stud
base shall not be painted, galvanised or cadmium plated prior to welding. Welding shall not be
carried out when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius or surface is wet or during periods of
[Link] free
from cracks and shall be capable of developing at least the nominal ultimate strength of studs.
The procedural trial for welding the stud shall be carried out when specified by the Engineer-in-
charge.

[Link]-1 standard
size, and the details shown therein shall be clear and legible. These drawings shall include but
shall not be limited to the following:

Assemblydrawings,givingexactsizesofthesectionstobeusedandidentificationmarksofthe various
sections members.
Dimensionaldrawingsofbaseplans,anchoragedetailofbearingboltslocationetc.
Complete quantity schedule of materials and detailed drawings of all sections.
Detailedshopdrawingsforproperco-ordinationwiththeconcretecomponentstowhichthe steel
members shall be connected, as required.
Anyotherdrawings orcalculationsthatmayberequiredforpropercompletionoftheworksand clarification of
the works or substituted parts thereof.
All'as-built'drawingsin4printsand1plotonGarwarefilmorequivalentandinPendrive

99
ApplicableCodesofPractice:
Thefollowingspecifications,standardsandcodesofpracticeareincludedaspartofthis Specification:

Sl. ISCODENO. DESCRIPCTION

No
01 IS:2062 Hot Rolled Medium and High Tensile Structural Steel
02 IS:800 CodeofPracticeforGeneralConstructioninSteel.
03 IS:808 DimensionsforHotRolledSteelBeam,Column, Channel
and Angle Sections.
04 IS:813 Part 1 & 2 SchemeofSymbolsforWelding
05 IS:814 CoveredElectrodesforManualMetalArcWelding of
Carbon&Carbon-ManganeseSteel.
07 IS:816 CodeofPracticeforUseofMetalArcWeldingfor General
Construction in Mild Steel.
08 IS:817 CodeofPracticeforTrainingandTestingofMetal Arc
Welders.
09 IS:822 InspectionofWelded Connection
11 IS:919 ISOSystemofLimits&Fits(Part1&Part2)
13 IS:1024 CodeofPracticeforuseofWeldinginBridgesand
StructuressubjecttoDynamicLoading
14 IS:1148 HotRolledRivetBars(upto40mm)forStructural
Purposes.
15 IS:1161 SteelTubesforStructuralPurposes
16 IS:1182 RecommendedPracticeforRadioGraphicExamination
ofFusionWeldedButtJointsinSteelPlates.
17 IS:1363 HexagonHeadBolts,ScrewsandNutsofProductgrade C
(Part 1 to Part 3)
18 IS:1364 1toHexagonHeadBolts,ScrewsandNutsofProduct Grades
A &B (Part 5)
19 IS:1367Part 1- 20 TechnicalSupplyConditionsforThreadedSteel Fasteners.

20 IS:1477(Part-1&2), 1971 CodeofPracticeforPaintingofStructural Steel.

21 IS:1852 Rolling&CuttingTolerancesforHot-RolledSteel Product.

22 IS:15911 StructuralSteel(OrdinaryQuality).
23 IS:2016 PlainWashers.
24 IS:2062 SteelforGeneralStructuralPurposes.
25 IS:2595 CodeofPracticeforRadioGraphicTesting.
26 IS:15977 Classification and Acceptance Tests for Bare Solid Wire
Electrodes and Wire Flux Combination for Submerged Arc
Welding of Structrual Steel - Specification
27 IS:3613 AcceptanceTestsforWireFluxCombinationsfor
SubmergedArcWelding
28 IS:3658 CodeofPracticeforLiquidPenetrantFlow Detection.
29 IS:3757 HighStrengthFrictionGrip Bolts
30 IS:4000 HighStrengthFrictionGripBoltsinSteelStructures- Code
of Practice
31 IS:4353 RecommendationsforSubmergedArcWeldingof Mild
SteelandLowAlloySteel.
32 IS:4923 HollowSteelSectionsforStructuralUse
33 IS:4943 AssessmentofButtandFilletFusionWeldsin Steel
Sheet,PlateandPipe.
34 IS:5334 CodeofPracticeforMagneticParticleFlowDetection of
Welds
35 IS:5369, 5370 GeneralRequirementsforPlainWashersandLock Washers
(1975)
36 IS:5372 TaperWashersforChannels
37 IS:6610 HeavyWashersforSteelStructures

100
38 IS:5374 TaperWashersforIBeams.
40 IS:6623 SpecificationforHighStrengthStructural nuts
41 IS:6649 Specificationsforhardeningandtemperingwashersfor high
strength structural nuts
42 IS:6755 DoubleCoilHelicalSpringWashers.
43 IS:7215 TolerancesforFabricationofSteel Structure.
44 IS:7205,7273 SafetyRequirementsforSteelConstruction
45 IS:7269, 7293 Handlingofmaterials&EquipmentsforSafeWorking
46 IS:7307(PartI) Approval tests for welding procedures Part 1 fusion welding
of steel
47 IS:7318(PartI) ApprovalTestforWeldersWhenWeldingProcedure
Approval is not required -fusion Welding of Steel.
50 IS:8910 GeneralrequirementsofSupplyofWeldableStructural
Steel.
51 IS:9595 RecommendationsforMetalArcWeldingofCarbon&
Carbon- Manganese Steels
52 IS:12843 TolerancesforErectionofStructuralSteelWorks
53 IRC:24 SectionVStandardSpecificationsandcodeofPractice for
Road Bridges: Steel Road Bridges
54 IRC:22-1986 StandardspecificationforroadbridgesSection VI
Compositeconstruction

101
102