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Unit 4

The document discusses the use of constant strain triangles in finite element modeling, focusing on the simulation of displacement and traction components. It outlines the methodology for modeling and analyzing the behavior of materials under various conditions using finite element analysis techniques. Key concepts include the representation of displacement, the formulation of element stiffness, and the application of boundary conditions in simulations.

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Midhun Kumar
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10 views54 pages

Unit 4

The document discusses the use of constant strain triangles in finite element modeling, focusing on the simulation of displacement and traction components. It outlines the methodology for modeling and analyzing the behavior of materials under various conditions using finite element analysis techniques. Key concepts include the representation of displacement, the formulation of element stiffness, and the application of boundary conditions in simulations.

Uploaded by

Midhun Kumar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
UNIT -W [MoD ‘PReaems USing ConsTANT STRAIN ‘TRIANGLES - , , ' 0 TENTRODUCTION + 7 © The 2D pe. Simulation , tre dtiplcemads traction Components @ dujosibrcted, fody fee veluey ere functing cB he postion traltcadad hy (2,4). the ditplacement Vote wl ’fs plvoy, 8 u= Cu vy! whee Gus the 4 ¥ Grpomagae U a Stages % sadny ore pen by oe Cox 8y ay) e= (ex ey tay” “the By mupessytieg, 2-> problem, cma. Prael Rig, the body Bre, TackZon verte & clomadat volume ang ven by Se Ue I oe (a ty) dete $e. tmth SRO) WICK yslerme Poe an ote ’ bets baby He Ow by nik ude e The. Sisal — lial cement gollattong oe Wen Pr | 4 remit Tae rer a [® x, +2) | ere) g Straty one ulted PB cae « Stoqyes Bas —+ FINITE ELEMENT MODELING + Qs. Ewe Element ME “The ap Tegn dvuided ato chase the, Soaight - $fed teianghs. tre potdh, cayvens ob The Aytangles “Fret OL celhd “wodes": % car Ab WBtned by Wee modes & Thtee Glaes Cs called. “am Chmowt!! Fete atingalection the node rurynbets axe initiated ot The raat, a clement rumbep are tscled : Ty the 2p pBoblen dixugeed. hese, each yoko & pamettid cto diyplae nthe ‘too dieecting xq Y. Thar, each ‘rola hes 2 vo , The Aiplacemar- cengonesdj dr rode J are taken 3 ren Qs, --- Xe Aivectiny Ry - y-. dbeoctiém - Tr wan Ascat tie. abe) diglamrmegt, ved of g= (Qa ~- SWI cohese “WB Fhe ho ds Da * — > us O33) % 3 Vo “ 2 (uy a Vaan : oy 5 Sh Hay emo are MEG] 5 Ma= Bs Mga [KM DoF SR CST & E- + Dézplacemag Surety long Ye disectior US MA 4 Ma ez Me US ye dink aos, y ‘ Ve MMe 4 Ae tar Me He us [wv] tmatiey Bm & Agghosemedte Re WiAy+ Naty + Wz %3 Ye Daa Mth + M5 Be vie. porengtte repetcion me My dt 4 My oe 3a qe De) Oe 8% — vy dt 4 ov yd m1 Uo on oy Ot > Shope fanetione The FEM wy the Greer sf ty Seplemat cally Clecloging hey Stevplaiong, FA He CST , “the SF are Tay ol The shmont- The “frie SF me Wy 0, @ Ns essing fe dy 1245 5F my te | at mode 1g Bowmly reduc 1 DD to 0 at Hodey ALE He wales GG SF ae Aas dene a lane fanbpte shaved nls © Ne Bz are rnopsixritod. by Simi ant = Pasig, vals Lok moda, ag 2 sree % “Ll cuogpig 0 ak the ovpostte edeps ee 2 cin porktuslear , mt hatis rupsovnl a plane ab & high’ ds 1 nodgy Le 42 ety, He poll & te A& az. Grxcatuertly SR evedy PLU Niaz, avs =| Wh my Kg one Tek net Powarly Zp, erly do obs tray” ote EP. The TP SA Oe Gonutn testy rropsegty by “the pat %, 7, 28 Meq 2 = 2 Mee yen these % 7 OL netinal cordinartis, % Hythe HD the % coBldirycley cause magped into Rae fy -coadendes § has caye cobired a3 Sunctins a > 4 Ty Hin BD ste xjY-coBdinaty ee mapped onto the 7% coadinels OF Om dekined Functions & & Re one SF com BL pally raptipded hyp oe Adal pein CH) in a Be dintcly at info 2 omar Ay Pee eee me! . 3 che GF wy Mle OR Pregl Pere d by nye Bl , Mes Be 7 Me Bs cae a A ces A= Arn & the Moment l Mqeatnig s} ot ONY Polk ingle te 5 => [SOPARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION > “The dtgglatamedty HAL ha thmag ae now canithey wigs te S$ 8 sia modal valusy ole The Unbowiy dgplatemert sold {e C Wyo &s Bee Ls Be a) ue MUA mAs + NSUS Va Mz Mey + ste Sate BED FT (HEME = RM aN, + Us - HSH RUS = RCBH=Us) + (Us-“Hs) AUT ae Ste 4 MG 4 Cl 4-71) UE = HM THY + HH — HH — TUL = % (ete) +7 Ceu—be) HE Btn @ Gen he eaptiopied ty a mason $8™ by cad a SS machi. pe Tmo Mo as 0 Ls By 6 Nr 0 a ad Ua NY — FAT sriargeler element» the (adits 4,4 @n abo ty Tvmy modal —coacdtaates wis tthe Same OF stat Co cinphitcly datelopmouit— complex. eleoverke he aopsejente-d mprramclsie Srupsegentation Thés appoach fey to & retatry The watt catty other we have ee May Nat + MS% te Ye Myr Node + ng Js Oe Sone Mae MeN) tg = BUT 4 Ws ~ WH — NS = Areytet Cong) 14% Y= 0 CH-Y)At Ga-ts) 148s slog he nitation Hyp = %—ry & Bis = Bde te coy Wate = Ag Gt My THs B= Use + the 14 Bs hes cametion rebels x-% 4. Coddinetag Jo TM ~ @adinadbay Eqn @ ex proger U GY ag Senchiorg os & 4 Fy oval ctiry the Strairy , porteal doscvatawy WARY do he ken Ore 60 + pam em O&O WV & %Y ome enctimg ob ST oe uz u(x), yan] ve v(xGm) | ‘Wing the. chan sud partial) cleat ives fs 4, Vale MU = OU M4 dU J& Od 3G ay O% Ss wm, MW at 9 MH BY IR hth @nhe Wily th maber mutation ou a pu o& |_| ok Ie oH = x oa on gu ON ay ae the Jacobian ob te whore the Qry Suase matte dented 8 eeangighmetion, + ae Sick lene a eta gm x Xe Ys a3 B23 ou ce Abo x _ (08 _— 2 ou oy F este bvor & The gacobiay BOE T= Ag daq~ Xas Se 3 ' Yas | e = deb Les 8 J a he blak 3} Fam abou Seating (94 tes Se a Tou ou det 4 Ss Sa ag fag by he terme 9 ue ona ow oe ey es da Se da ae a dob “he + ee 7 Ray ee ee oe Aya) + Mists) 9 4 5 oe = Mts Om \_ \e 2 ae We wea on oe Ret) % + Cate) nr 2 SA 5 OV = F-Ko Ou ou= Fu e on en BY \ ns e w ca A = he [Tet aes Gb) ae = Ap, Cet tater B89) x = Fie [42 Mar Ag tus | = ae ( aygtq — %%W — Aan — 3 ww) oe. a ters wh eos Ay [-%s tis + tus) 08 2 oy, [ melts ts) - m3 -s)\ gyn OH ov “yaks [ ths Ha — ts tue) * eae ‘bag Ca-%6) — te (ey y) Mya = 4 [-% Ca-%s) + *8 (ss) + O28 (tou) og ge dts — Ye (40%) J = dye U Ge Gem) ~05 tt Bs aa tty +O") on 3 debs ie cc acme ie oom ou ov Pog Tox ‘ thor B= Sain dl t oa > Soy FL CST Coment + ox cy | = PIB Tey matercal also where ([DJ= Ww. Crnluate yy by @ng ok Po & Sd Tacoblan mater Sortie Prkangaler slement chown th be a Ww) e 4954 9) R= M+ Mare + Ns Ay < Gt \ Gs) 35) Yo OY + Vata + M5 Us ays) x= nes) + ma Gd + 9804) ye wiCay yh os) + MD Buk m+ Pat nls =| ce a i WSF = AN + BE My Ms Loa May M8 B95 = beyy4 FNI4 Ci-wa- My) 4 Yas = AM RSM Tt (1-2-8) = osle PM O84 Nac Olt 4 N=? Tacshian, mall x, v2 3 a 3 das “as -6 3 735 (2. dtain Stack, digplotemode onthe @ & dalivmtne. ex ey Yay tay [2 use Ob) mm 5 Y= 0-004 MH 5 gx O00 5 Yy=Oroor (93) poor 2 Yee COST , ; BE de pte mts + OES Lo © * apd Be MW Ygy Mut Ms A a, 2 aK %, o Ya ° eae % a 0 Me Oo %s 6 7% “dot S a4 gv Rr Yas hs Yay FR OH oy GH Xs Bis [Link] med ex = Jos “a3 tbs = (iets — %sdhs)= [ cian) leas) — Coors yCir-ts)]} = [ ts) Gay — G5) aay] Yas = Ya—Ys = 3-9 <4 S Ay = WX = s-b=-l1 Wge W-Ys = 42-5 : nae Mey 2 SEH B= h-de = 2-3 =I ’ nye tee ONE dae -4 teed Yis= -5 ws= 4 Ore wt we = ae (D+ 00} ey f 2 1 -:004 au al ae 0-003 hy ie aaa - 0.002. ~o-002, 00S Soe -putsxet exe ey = = 13tx8* \ Vay = 4.52 rie = w wm iglaanage orme oF P= Le a8) thoy by. OFT . + thy TM Ai lecamene — Vet ay=[Zoeo} ost y vena, ea!) 0%) OF) a, ow ess? | nearnin ae ve 0035R | an ay NSUb > wt tat | eu) (ue) (Tha tring clang a att Godinady do pith (@s) CH) (49) find Tha pk) e =OHR 2 Me erenl con) ©. gen Pingel deme b es oF cordinde poidty (45) G9) 218) © Find fre fiat pe Ga or 2 TET fo) a engl tenn a 2 PGE) TH sendin ids 0) OSD god te SF? @). Red te “elansllan clement de & PCS) » Te coadinde poly (ue) Cas) (372). Find TRE of (2. The rydal Coadtuaty & rode! caplacemanle — gaa. qatrgeler ghrongt ae att, baling werlex © syitbicd fond. cigttiny whey, E=ayre olmet 2 Heed. Find the namnl Stroy & Shear Sts Gea Cet elrmeE rear plane Stirs ordelion « - lun, =O 2 %=0 5 wet/g.23 5 BR, O57) acl $ Hse ees, USH% 2 Que 2 Tycoas 7 Ue? cds cay os 1 & 0 ex sy |= EE |u io ey hy ° a Vxy ee 3 0) As Gis saclay melix = Ms “dns dat s= [(s¥5)- (as ua)] = [e-®) Cy-ts) [o-) Civtg) - (e060 —- awn) aml o Bt OO a x Yes 0 dst 4 ey [>| 0 te ° ts ONY ae dy er, US] ae 4 Qo 1 o -3 6 1 = \ 3 09 4 © ! oe ee le ee wos L Cus ay (24005 - %) J a 6354 1 ah ub 3 Gry aloosy] = OW? Dos Tle “fon Noano 0354 poe 3 oust Pale ae xiv Jos 1 © oO oe Hote 3 oa 8 15 Xto vow 6y = PIS xe of 904 xo, fon tay = > stilinay matic fl CST Element # “1 52DE Stari Cnegy -| peta Vv "rd a (eon) oa vata = [a @erTe _( Lowe 6% tdh _ T se =(44 Ky ike te 6-6 Jan te Tredooy thoes = te he. Ode ie> ire eae © aaghteent wabrie : aren tay fryeodtve melt. = WAK dime dat te body $e = (ate gy “foortgy = [ Cus1 fy) 246 SF We WY q Ny ts 403 AS Wz MU +My p Me VE on [Grv+ ma vs45) Het Cras Matt 5% )S9] da Y : Sy) te Fore Ce en prs t+ $e HA) hate A= Frac Hedorgalan. elem, ~4 lets] Se Tabla orn foran = +* 4 [Link] oo Tey won teAe ( Star S42 Us 4 Sy tu Peder Lye} 3 = dee [kt A 2 HITS 3 us fey a mw So fady foe Wd. 3 co aad = Hele [ety a 3 ©D die to Twaction GAA GA CST lemon =f utrda. Re =\ (ww TT) p. 4 { > (3) ted 3 Tt, 7 { (alict vray tak ‘ie > T; “fe (erty 4 wate) 7 Y Cota + mte)) Ha Kom HH ye H+ BAe ates Bry MT We BAe MH cy duu to wachion Bee ={{ee spats) (wire +H Tas) + (Bite 8) (wy, FTL Tye OT + MAT YE ea Ca os oA ss 5 (te att OTL wats Mey waa) (eauyy + Nye Ty, + nrg rtaty a 1 (Caray, ba | wf Cato tte jt 4 [bene (ratty, J) Jane Je 2). z Ie say at wtdl = de A wale he zg Moo “ tai the [eras TH) + the (tatet Tn. te [trmertara eines ) ez 3 ~ a : te [ mane » Ry, Tat > 2%.+% ) y t ae 4 1h . %3 Sie &) The tacobian mista 4 T= | ag ths Sok Gag | “dots |e Aig ats= (4a%3 — Is %s) 2 elenmsk tay aplateroyf, mate 1 the 0 Jy 0 da oO 5s | 6 %q o ts 0 Fy Ye, Bas Hig Ysy Zar Be a Theolontal prcrerty malobe A pg oy D2 [: 2) Uw ic « t I-44 1 Bile tay Ordyis yp. pare (4) (remy | 8 6 eae 4, Elimonk Stray te KG tase thane, t= Thtdeney A sloomyt A= Ama 4 5 Seay bay elameut = DBy 4 ody Bee wera $= bef (x Sy fe Sy te Su) (tr Me a By Be a + +7 Teadion “fh neta qe th Came y PWT Tatetae THT My) Tye oR 2 Te CR Tye SP) > Tae ~ Ste WO. Ftd “The Shaan displotmaxt matin the elonad —ghes bel nd 3 nem a : \ i v,) --- C9 1 Bem CG (4 By + - 9 - (iy ¥s)-- GD Fag des _ [: | ay dk TH (ety ~% 35g) =| toe -ee)= G x er 0 BO Die Ser o & oO MS 8 %y te Be Fy By A Se 2 4 ot 6 6 OF o o © o 3 Oo 3 oe 3 o 3 ° wf. FRO detongyln stoma sho th ® dobevming tha Stiebrg = the C= acne a BeOS ay The chanents « ffildn Tso + tn 8004 2 USE aitaby Strat dace ptt, & alyo cladetie. ee etsogs boos > WeB 00 Mm = OreE Mm = ty Pane. grat, andes compare. ha, 709ult- ayge -000e? ayy lane sermy oreles (3) Sat Rolo we cobdtaétey ‘ avy - = WD (84) z me BY) 3 tg ty OP wd dts= | w- Hw) = \avse) = 39 ce pee on es) ote eo _yprebese dot 5 tye 0 Ms OR ~ Gq lo-e ome F tye hs ts oy Ty Ae Bi ae aaa 28 6 8-3 oy Powel a ti] o-b eo 4 8 F poo { eae o-002 0-002 oe 0. 065 , penal = aq |oost 0-014 103g 2 axe 5 oz \ ° Perio 0 =e S=Dey = aayw P| oF o ee 03 1 8 | ay [eer 5 8 438, 0-014 = mogKtoh PSB RIS eae gs3nis? | F eats or 2497 errs 7 Pray « oF 03 0 2 Ste fag oF Oo te 2M) a ne 7 ° 0-08) OF 83 Se Dey = axe te ues 3 OF m a 34 a 0° 014 agen f ‘sn | -2:035 wren 3-54 = 9b — a WW. Fatie plate thou bene — calenltn CB peekion ake reiki) sky Bn TL pl tain one 843 ndygts & eltmératiy a eS nec eens te lom Ns cow) = aK ume AD 2 0-8 q cd, _Node ceadinals h (aw). Cod ft Cm ge) --- (2028) 2 Gg ts) --— (02) as we dt se (Mae — P88) = al tos Yas Be © \ So ty 0 Be cael % oo 3s Oo MF 3 Ce a ee , 0 6 an 0 =m 0 a ow 0 9 9 ® _ a» 4 §)= oranxt_|® ° % BD og 0 = ° aa 6 7% xP oe ' we 0 6 (&) CY _ oO O3y -» 0 30 Po Oo 3% ~ ers 1f.o6 0 #® 6 = © & o mo oe) em 8 0 8 8B Ding 0 0 10s = 1833.38 0 © a 6 ~2% © -q ~32 © o -% 0 (O C36 Role oa wo 8 wo Oe +@ 0 + 20 -b 109 Filly +4 80 a ae 0 8 =o 3s lo = 1933-32 o Ww ~8 6 1a —Ieo o me wo 18 <0 OO tao go luo ~US 1 UBIO As 340 Aw -4up Wee HO BD [oO eeuilisinn, cation Kao F = (92323 | 415 OO I \ z “howe = | sox en oxi 4S yo alae |» aby Bc by ebiminad Ar 4 ion appteaely jolene Tae 2 tlio , Boro Rralurn , Bras, & clang Zidtnne Orrtom » = 19223 (10% ) = sxe --- -O 3 1232, 33 (142 a) = HlKxy? ---O gue ara 040 equactiony woo FE qx 6-068% y= OBI eH atsiyg ent liwert- Ore DEY GQ= ars [ \ os oO B 6 a 08 # of 1 6 y o whe 6 o ° oo ose] |e 5 2 a woh 7 coma] We “ub & — |ot day yee —_— 3 cy cee i} c= axe ofa” as = “node adie ws 02 1 (ays) --- (oo) 2&4)... @D 3 Casts)... (8) Ass d= [s >. | © bets = (is tag - 3 Ys) © wd Be \ Yes 0 “Yay 0 Be 0 go 0 9 8 - } dak ep ero ese Gr een oo bo 8 eee ice eel oe oe tof Wo ty ave. Ciy vets Ee a Se S ec 1 ose ele J ler 1 e saaye]ee te ° . at 2) o ° 635 oof k= tae B whom p= Lxtexfo = duce an 60 ° kyo Bx auDOXL o 0 ve \ os 6 user 22% 07 fo 0 bo 10 5 - ® 6 8 O35 oo & o & © oo @ © © 0 éo (ol cee one comec. o fo wo g 6 © ~fo -24 0 fo 0 Se 0 O° ° Wes8{ o 0 —e on On ce once, G ay fe ~6e we 60 o ee o 6 Bt 4B Ge ye be aw © ~Woo tau Tub = lly = lS? |, myo tom “ao bh Wy 1680 Ag, =320 125 HNO Wwe & liysd (sto Uz F Bizgo Us + [AV ww) = Wurs8 (260% + (dbo AS ) =e rsx > Huss (yao Us + Bee Ge d= ~e 3 . og sclug the. aboue equations 9.95K10 ols asp Y= —h5%XE? 5 Ue SasmB> 2 Wo waIWEs nese Soe iy he Somat — gg = DAG eft? eee as = ea fos 0 Jt je 2 8 0 © Wot 1 oxi 0 0 88s o -& - fo © %"| b sax? 4a x 6%, oo 2.8) 5 iz = ae} Hot Sus (9. wrth, aD Loaded ple. thoy tn hip. Betiminn IME oa aby (qe ete omg: Sea “HI ple et et SOO! fody a my & rated cg tatty oh ented TEN, abo inch oe aox in? pst Ae? 1S Ss © gloment- aa : > nde wad mode tek ——A oe ‘woke cadint or 1 Bd) Ge) ao 2 (eds): BD Cay... 4 coe 09 Q byw GO ab [8 By are (48s 8 Be) = (oe) - &)) as Bas wg 0 Hy 0 Be O re - 1 pee aga|o ee we so o 8 Yo tes Aa Uy Xa Be aS - -_ : oss 0 co = X00 ows 1 8 8 rem Le 8 ter Ae pret =3 clenat @ 210 6 06 a O Beeson amon) g23 ee & » todos B= yb = bxO8 = 8 aao s4sco fro 2 UaHo a uk = (wists Ys %as) = (wen- wep} = ke Kyat 4 = ot [ 0983 -ous om \ Hous oustosss OF? z On Oto t2¢o-2 | 4 Ppelyies eyutlibriuny euuution kO= F , O83 ous Oe. au bo ss : vous o4s+to533 0 az, \ > } eo on ° ra} | = 1000 D> st( 0.83 % — O45 Uz q 02X04) 2 tows fr — - Jee = ptler ary ta) = — (woo -o Ge VUW3 KI Eh + Y= SASS trek 2 HE Huse LiE ™ thoh — Sy of clemerk © g\= doy = wm [1 5 200 0-2 8) YL raisxte® |! Vea [fr te His 2 os 0 Oo B 2 o citar] [p23 8 0 opasx? | 3 a-usixe> | 4 o a 48-3 ° ~U98+ tas soy, of elenot @ — Ca= DEY Bom fase 2 6 6 0 te)? is 0 2 0 304 © © i: aa emer aun pg 0 0 2 Jl? + ° ' oxbasai™ | 3 es nga] 4 33.4 44-4 > deta Hae Funcking fa CST Element. Pron A= 4 om Lo oe 1% ds —%Y = [tee 89 - (ass 2531) + Que - % J Baw ag = J Arptag = A / \m™ | mS 403 Ma Py 2 ye Ae. wg= Ag LZ BO ye L- \ ' , Total Meo jac 1 oe al \ me we 1% 83 Bo [ tem - Adres HH — aH) --O syaci\' * ® 21 we Be 1% 93 Pred [Gen %r) - (293-0) + Gao x pe LL bee th we Rs 4 38 BABI) aes |) * % oe a\t * 9 Vom wed [easy (ae) 4 (weed) -O fo 4 ( x¥5- HY ~ MYg 7 HY + AIJ- HH) ----@ = Ase \ a4 % zl. % Oe \ x9 tse} [(9-28)- C my 29) + (an. —»9) | Maa [a Wh AS4 AH Wh — LV] a) —%d © mye Le (043 — 239.- Bs 4 Fav AVE V9) fs Se A (yg — 7692 — WY sp AVF WI a) = A; BH) 4% (4-9) = > 92=¥s) AulSclleer dD pelle spell aati As ed) a2 (48-90 (a's) (dg — Xo A + 298) + HIV TH) Cody = 799 47s + 98) RT A) [rays — 2a Ride + Esty + Wd 01) yr) = x(a) 4 a st2) + 5 C9) aL b-bs) +70 (8-9) +6 Ge) p % (9-9) 4rd) +21 C28) 2, 038 = —— 2 (8-93) +42 (98-Yy) tag (9-H Sa: W. congeder cst element Glealete 6 ab ey tterrslebiy pit: ©, 9) & toa | 3 ua) Zz 3) 2 48) =4(Gen- (3) +(e] = Ve a - ak | 4 ‘| ~4y (wn _ (&s)4+ C120) ] : ,ovud a w= Py Woe Ae a Wee As Gh he model Gadivly & Oy Fein yuh FAA tetngela Biven alovon FH Talo - Gelacleche ae Value of RL Sancti, ob (3,4). eiucee adil, Gunyekeny Vala, \ Bw) [30 Uni, eo eb) aw s (31,13) as St: Ue The Sinckin Bla DT thnk GF VCR T CYA lagd on yt node. aay bERU)+ ¢(R)*= 180 AQ) + UBb+ Abe = (so -— O eared om a aypde (x8, HCaxa+ CONS M4 tuay a 34> be Be = Ah ---@® Bad on 8% pode, alas blaix8) + (ey = eS Was wsbh + Wbte = aS nC) Som 0,6 7B equating gn-SQ 5 b= 3m 2 CF “a wav serpy tugs =e K SV (a) se (4x4) wt@)*- . Ke bus = W) Delomine spodel dizglocmesds and clement Hegtg Sr tho cthirplite Shown ty Hyp AAUDe plane stops condftten. t=lom™ Eeatyioe yyy M=08 tos elomet (D tia Bis + ey) Le) sacoban mari, T= [2 Ye & (a gy (8%) | 4 (3¥s) (0, 60) “[ $00 “| dob T= (0 rC4600) — (600) CB) = 0+ 480000 = yavid — Slgain, digplacemont msbin CB) are OS Cem eo) Acted sO ese eo rds rhs he hs He A \ 600 0 G00 o -800 oO Oo oO oO © 0 =| -800 80 0 ft OOO —_— wateréal pooperty mpaloty (0) Ghana hoy Olin = —E_|! eae . a usyio! whee 1 03 0 ( 03") Cn 108 1 o 0 a 2 03 0 - anna |‘ O° o3 1 Oo 6 0 88s __ Rlonpat afilbrnort maheta , en tefe UDB fiz A,xéeo x600 = aud oy { a et 0 - 800 3| ' o3 0 = pocdtel 7 —woo | ABIX Ki ane Goo —b00 og 18 600 ° 6 6 085 oO 600 ce ° ° 800. 0 800 OO Sus 00 0 600 ey \ o to 0 0 RO a 48Xt0 Boo wo 0 6 80 oo ~600 180-286 f= 2 wo 0 6% Oo 8 O = -800 —81d a0 5 o & © o 0 8 foo ‘18° eo 0 600 BOBO oO o = Alo Be 3x6 ° Oo age ayo so 0 bus 13b ty 3 s = gy [eae viene —BeoKID ~ 168K -gauxie § —1Nyxi be 3 3 aang — See HKD and ox? 336010 Le on? gone a A vans? wane eK ° wore ene ° aun — eee? ° rs uns =O sun? Gore He ° O° eons Neh = ot beet oh aes \ $4 18384 td eek 2b fa Boy subs 8H 4 3 zuse | os Hise — 9 — oy —uys ——9— |g sole Hg 0 spe —o—| + gue —ttab———ausg——_0 01836] 8 | I | — Far cbmet © 2 @ 9) 9) — rcoblan Mabetx T= (al | (ar 9) (800,600) a. | “| 4 (% Ys) (0,60) &o 6 lat s= Gooyto)) — (400) Boo) = asxiol — stain displaamat mascx (8) get iy 29 ts o hh 8 adt] 6 —h, 6 3 0 -h “hs the A ~Yyo Ae Ye a Oe coe) Oa coo wrt | o -% oc 80 o © B00 Go «= 60s—sis — titra propery mabstx (-p) (lads say Gombe ) Dea E ‘ wm oO eS wove qs | ty 371 03 6 = MpAeAXi0 : os 1 O o 0 685 Elomont atthbnay mebstn , Ke = A2b- Bd B ° 7 Ka =oy ° 7 103 0 0 cee a o Be ° 0 6 0 0 Boo oe eas} ele © 800 G00 ack ~w 0 5 oO oO —600 ey © 8 =ake qm “#0 © Oo 0 88 ~wo 0 6 = Qu a ey 6 kp ¢ | ° au & Ale 0 6 8 o 4 ~wo “W800 o 8 male 2 2 3 aoe 0 ~muxin §—~18KIo O68 ay 0 Gris a -Gr0KW aoe’ 0 cad suc sad — KE -2Oae ~W6eIs 4eei8 <6 gaye — OW HOHE —— Lao 0-8 -stouP ww Bars 3 3 W68xib oc lane gente 4 s e a ae f= 8396 une ' age \ —9 a= 345-6 1586-8 — 4 — ieee nad Woe = U8 ~ BBY “A } | e escent 16a FUSS 1838-4 hey 0-8} = 86 —=3 45-4 — —6}— eee] serene — en eit eemast shtbnny mata K= Ke 3 5 6 5 2 | MokG -5344 ~g] 2 = lo = 533-4 tuo 946-8| | Yogee WURE iss —z lal dtiltemag vec @ = to Us. us Gilead oad vader F = [o and toxid J _ relying equction KQ= F gf Woe 527-6 — 403] [% 6 ie = | teed |t0x 8? -52466 ol-g FURR |] Ay > lasune -uos2 Fae | LH =D Wolb Yq B3AE Ug — UOSTUL =O 5 eD- 1KW S ra tyol=6 Us + WARE W = =) -534-6 Ut er ey cuoge yb HARE US + ese We = —s igs HHS mm Te aoe Fa TIM ene mer 0lb sels choi, abaus aoe eqtuction , we at ( 2 (QD he Wertig @ a CST clement con ghiern, by Ga) (a9) ad Cas) ADulormine S£ and Sksain— nodal diselacemost matrix, B- SA a — clomet HH} 5, BBY afl 603 © Epes OB GSO Oe OneE Cl eM = 0-770 os | 5 me oO ww | Va 08 aeyi'|-gn to © 60 8m 0 de Ay ea Me Vay = og [© quo > 0 «Yo | O ur go 8 ® o 0 & ° <2 -4lp 0 AO 16a © Vee = | ones 6 Mo De 43 6 o -60 «68 \\ a, = aF7Ki8 33 Gm a © \\ae e dye 600 0 — bon} | ae gb5xib? tu 6 mate aN -HHD_ “HD || 5g 0 (So -BHD “Qa 6° oly 8 =O ago = lo of 4.38x1 8 og ep bee rl + 3H DABS 40-8 n oss] ets al i @) -aebrmin Te modal diglacemat and clanent ssypas Sor the cthiy plate stun th by Bay Boe is snaglcted « Take t= toms E= axuFulmire 5 a= 2.0 "Agee pane dean Cd ifin HON 0mm, N00 me. (). Dertue Te Jaga funding fo a cst dlmek Wing, ot nad coddinete Sein. Neniby tha pivpostig db the shape Sundtinn - Wig tripe shape. Femdions Ghtlish Moai, - daclatrmon Twhhionghip tv cot elemont: (u), Shue the fore ay lom th HG Wh -teiargylen clones 67> Oma, Yor Aobamatton ce Grog ragully adh, Vols. ottained Samm elementary bean, ther, enw Gre j tok! ern = tom ons Bom (©) Congtdoy 0 nectargulan eam 08 thor, ty Hr ARene. plane Afsuyy Condition S=goegso mea + §03 y Us [o © ous ows ous 08 © olen. evalude Jacobion F, 6 and 6 at GOs Ned eo alse) (0. id he ayy inthe phe Guan by Wp twig me pelo nrbne clone om oon G=a05 GPa Az08 4 $ Soon) toto 4 pre Tactangular element og shown in Hy aBiring platy Aisayt andehy ESQ alma 2 AOS Displaument vad [oa (ous, 0-095) G-(5,0-08) 03) evalucte Sacobton mbt, Swain dheplacemat chtx and Qbioy thon 225 220 av fn apral Cy (eo) (00) Qx) Phe © + sa we, 22 [BJ 1 (@% %) (00) = ete 3 Gag a (4) 2D a 3 Cs ¥s) (a1) | | teat, dtgplcarred tabi \ Hz o ~3 0 Sm © ~ 1 8s ats : “hz 0 ty 0 “os Bes Hy Ys Xe Br, ~ fro 1 © 6 a one pxyerly mehr (50. plain tp: Catton) , 03 e pi ae aie |: ) 0 /| De 0 j= — ay Poy us [s ow | ear Lee — corrent steoy, p= PUT a 1 oN a ue axio” v8, | sfeee o O20 . te a = 1-03" ie oO my ae Ue 1 O83 0 ee 3 = (ot 87 Xl0 C o2 1 ° oo ODO Ve , o3sffo a RO [looasr ar BB |e. iT ood es 3 =) © 1-06 0 Orb a rsixis |-o3 © 03 a oa © ~085 04 O35 oF © oe 0-08 mT ous Oca 4 cue ope ous ¢ ete | eRe ot: ae = se 8008 0-54 202% + O16 = 208. 1918 a pac elomod (©) . (e * | fas Bu — lacobtay mbaix, J 1 4,7 &O 3 (424) (") uy (3%) © ae dts = 0- GH) = > ~! Yr shat, deglanmese atric , fe de 7 : Big 0 SF 5 det ms o 4g 6 Ie moa hs a3 -H3 ~he Oe \ fo o } Oo 4 9 = “a |o 2° 9 o 2 20 014 &-* na gogo. Sten tor) = axi® (: 7 2 | re Loo ose as — eamost ator), 02 = DEY % we oO \ = sxe all: a © 5 or m2 0 8 a DA 210) 2) po Lpe 30 -o-6 o 4 6 6 = [orsaxid : ee GO. —g og 6) --0G 112 et ot 0 0 ots 6 ~ 035 \ | o.0g, ° © ols 3 2\°" Tetexe = WANG | 0°05 = | rend O08 Beate Be Desi The elmo shilbnoy marin HY CST t 7 ) WH deviu to SF & cet & te yl o-adindle Sein? ey uo eit utd apg and XESS G9). FAche Aadare don. Fi tA SH Wy and Y aro ee y= Gea) 2 Hye (Gay 2 Cag) = CP ‘ Sol (oo He tel eb) Yo NA+ NA + Neg ee Ya Wid t Nada + Mss te age o8mye 5M 4308 Yo O31 UNa tans (fo). Fox the daedy apy th Ky. “Ate node dizglaamodts am glen at Aye o-0l mm > Us O00 mm > Wg =O Uy) soos ys Uys = Orns 2 yg =O trnlncte Sha elosront shay - Consider the. plana. doy conpition ke Ex Dogs M=OUR 2 talom sort te | Qoas) \ 5 (4,29) os TN. eal: - — For damon O — Tacobian main, Te |. "| GB) Cote) ae 23 Ew) oo) ao au (us) Co-95) (: «| dee y= O- LDU) = 150 — Stain, Atgelamme,t make , B= b, 0 ~d2 © Bn Yas |0 -w, 0 te 0 WMH hz ths wig Hg tr oe oe o -lb oO 150 oo ~o -s 0 o Ww ° _ voter weovory, mabe DC platre, Atangy conditton 1, KO mone \ ~~ ae ~ oo LA =e :| z ,o = DEY ay mw ad tals “5 0 0 06 0 O}/ | 4% ong i 0 +40 0 6 0 10} \% ~ y-eaey |p ox a 415 6 6 [0 | * Ae q “is a8 0 0 © &8){ ore) = NX |r to 0 0 ote || POS 6-004 wah SY 0 0 BE ON poe awe | 0 OAM = s|—o-tey anna Laure al ebb ae = | Isaue 0-063 ~MO Fox element © ¢ ac = Jacobian mabscx , ef | f@»=69 tas ths Gh yy = 005) 5 [? | -\5 (az 8g) = (2,2) a es clot T= gas-o = FAS Bs 0 dy 0 de 0 S4,6% + & He Bs hy By te On — Senin dgplamort mit g— an “15 0 5 6 oO oO Ms \o 0 0 +5 0 IS o Is 415 Is 15 © . — steal) roperby mabetx 2p Cane atsogs anecion ) 1 one 0 kee esc ee a 10 | PA pear) OB Te oo Ls Oo 6 36 Es eo! - rt Soy 10> DBY ool 6-001 ~ ° ie oO oO o cg ep ce oo 4 eo -| ogee =~ 05 1 o 50< 1-@29)” By 5 ot) BF Le ~e 48 IF is ojo ‘eo ts 0 15 WL 0 YETI ocos: “yoy is fleoot ] = be = Bes a5 eee’ sy Sy © ° gee ind Fro eevypy dy DL plate thot HW Waby one ctelngulan mombrdne ebmet. = ¥ a te Zh Foy element © : ~ 20m om ‘ Ms BB — Sacobia, mii, T= a C24) (599) -fo al 3 (Cs %) (0,20) so 0 dobs — O- (-r000) = 2000 een cee tec oe ae eae “Hg 0 Gn © dett | 0 G3 6 Hz 0 “Ah “Hz Me Mg Is Me Ie {je 6 48-20 8 = 200 | 0 -s0 0 6 oO 80 pO) 0 OO aCe alo — Mail poopunly dota > (alent Aten Conditin ) i ag rt og 0 & 3 ora a po | SHO Jog | 0 Irae Le 6 be eo | oo 1K! testo * a Pe=d, x 4oxse d opbt , k= teAle OS ea Clamp stitkney , = tooo Fe 30 6-0 og 0 ‘ k= Toxtocoxageaariex| | 5 “-@ -2 \]* J j\ 1 Fao wo 0-0 © Bel 4 6 5 \\e2 ) &| |Relo so 0 © © 50 © 6 4 0 0 OS. gp 10 0 NO SD WO sy 6 0 50 oO SO -20 es 8D G1 iS 0 6 Yo 6 WO 8 . “15-500 ~ = 565-18 * 0-30 0 0 © 50 \ ey fe ~Go -20 0 UO SO ~20 ° ° 4 mae -6 RS a (ate 650 ~ 800 ~ FOO 4G SO = 56318 650 AbYD ~ 60D ~28 [eo ~2360 to = lt ~Boo 600 —yD 280 ° 560 FD -a% ~u35 [60 80D 0D 50 ~650 50 2360 600 ~ 280 660 = MYO joooris® 0 oJ — Global Road vector, F = [e Some — — by pels equilibrium Cyuation ka = F The ‘rameininy rodtste ill he C tooo = a (me ° = = osss ™ DP SEA IBrIWeY = WORIC => % - = ala => KHIBY ast, = boxe > wW __ clomage Stays , = DEG 1 08 0 90 0 YO Oo ~20 a 3 = ASW loz 1 0 d|om oe ne 0 0 Os 050 so > 0 40 % “ge o Ages ‘ 3 wm 6 poo “6 c AesX0 s a NOey -—G -so 12 0 ~e SO o-s5s| nests as | uti? ays -F 0 OS a a a= @ spa clamen horn th My & SE a timp change We. Fahd te toad dus ty Temp change + Joke Ex VOGPAs MaO'Ys tedwms f= axes en Prone plane Stsay ndition, 7 4 (82) sd. (2. Detiominn the nodal displacements and clement tyes Sox th. thin plate Shown th ty. ABltrne plane ateoy Condition, PKA Baxi mmm Me o3 ta lom @. ta wodal coadinady dy a tertagulon cana ert Shaan tn Ho oF pox “e ingtde tee elepenk , the 2t- cordind & 3-3 and the shape suindkian pysoeg. Déborming Np Ws ond The yo coadinehe oy tha. point: 'P- wo 3 C3) ' Or) @). Pathe point 'p’ docs inyale tte tdansulin. elomoxt shown o> i mo hapa iltong Wy % ML AL OS GOT Aap, hd a w8D- =A The, ber cut Ahape Sancti. we L (42) “oo oh (D. — Delirntign “The debladtin af The polit dr toad apebtcatcen, © Weg 2 ome Avtar slomod- modal $8 the omtfouted sheds th &. 3 fee tom ad! ex ar mea, = res aoe x oss é ton 100 = 47S = [1263 xe \ 650 Giro | = 600 0 so 260 UNIT. FXISYMMETRIC. Sods — ? praise THe Loan” TIN TRODUC TION Ey nasal , all the Btouchusng << Machine compunerte OL 3 members & Ahsix’ poperttg aw amabyed iy FEM chor by \P 12D @) 3D Rehmiquss based on thety dinogstenall satis * Fos a wombar ji amgone dimension , Say Jenaty Very lege comparing 4 cthoy Stmensions tke, tata, c nceknays , chy amabyis cam be “beled 03 1D problm, + Analyses ob boy, toys and beams ete, SivnClanly fhe engone. dindrsinn Say hick && Vesy Small Company to length tut ag th he cape ds Plat, thty Gn be amalyeed Wing 2D techie. Pt The Some time, Fo% Lome Componayty min af eathinmdste att @y seth cb raaltong even hinugh Thais all he a> om Comparatisely lang, hty may be anal WHS @D ichmiguag dur to Thule ental Sym meh. Some ds Such axhymmelnic sleds one vel eylindors tyohal Pushing dfecy cc he + ty thoge aalfds The ptoportior dike ttaagey debarmations tb suai sunny dy te body cr rating one chil Finite elomat thodelng $05. finyymmdtcc cid» Foy On Oxigummastic. dali, the a> ugly debined lay ithe Dualiing aria cy he Adtted Glo -triingdlla slemadty Gy Aandclleal elanerty a8 thowy oy 45. =A Castel dn "Trngh each dlemece ty como, reptsoihd by the sua ty 92 plane, Bo ad pobleny , the digplacemad, ¢ heyyy ore etrlucked Ming 6 Y Coadindes Gyheye ag Akpymmdic. pons, Ine oboe valu ar called uti, 2% % coandtnaby "Fy Gye de 3D elomant 5 See Tha Thetnagy G mnaglicble the debrw, poral to thidiuys is talon of 310 < the choy diphansfy a04V ane Congtdeted 03 Ae Sting cb GY Cooddtnaileg Strydlanly ay he ce cb Oxtyymmebte Sid, styee Tra grormelty. a atid % Surboce Aoacling- ore not the Junction ob Aho Ciscamparntial disackion 6, the deeumfesomttel digdlacmant & Faken 98 THe & loavsy The LGW diydlacemen af the Hndliogs db 2 % % only. uzs(a2 yyeo 2 w= gle) Aligymmdstc Fosmulekin + congider the dlemestl velone shown ty be d=ndeda dz = nrdeda The pe Gm be weit, by the fovn T= 4 a i ,= x i { o'en dade -{ aT$ndn do—| [ah prdide- Dut ° MA . oO “A my ve hese 4 dae = Elemental farbece ome rrudea Pe = Pert toad (tine Lead Fitprfy — Pound a Cece ), Pll vaniohls ey tie Aiteqaly om mp do. + We an (4 [etensa—[atinan— forest) _ ame a ‘n Je whese us [u wy" $= [KAT t= [bh "yt _ ta Gn athe the Tullimship blo Staing € ore] diselacemet, ue af ez [ere by Sol” 7 oe ey ~Delamdiny dh elem) lime + The aoog ves 3 comsegpari . o= [tr % hy oe | “The Ska} —stioin naling 4 3llty iy te rgd fom O="DE chase “be (eta) ste > can be sot, by nelly The agence tesng Som the SD matin 4 o Ss ECA) eR Galea | 4 a (wh a ° Ao ara) » A La TA 0 | fae The 2D raga dibtred by cia, revving, orca (B divided sto -tiavpulhy dlemats 03 shown ty by. Each chime és completly nepiasonfid by “Tre arta th he ne Plane, fm Tadley yk ty a hing—atnped add radon cblahed by radii, Ara ctalanyle bak ti, 2-aa%s . Why he Hig Sf 835 By Wa & Nz cae dobine U=NY a L ft % + hese “U' ey debined Ny 0 MO be O N=} om 0 wo Ne = Ge LH % Me WW Uw | Te 42 dota wa % 2 =D sme bE Totangalation Ue GH Ys + CI-eAYUS We H+ Aut OGL) UE By Vlg Popramehree. ngage steckton ; R= HAF Nat Cee) Ag Za Ruerars CeO tha chain rule o& clilkerrtistion gives Ou Oa “me fT Ly ou \t Ht % dp», Ps) ca TY] de 4 m3 Sis ov 3% . a Ms “eee Sang rata ong, k % : ee eonlkes pede hae Wed “The tnthion ee 5 dabfnition Fy the aq =e] v\ aa a defy ea nie -| | = | Se J |

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