Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No.
: 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
University of Engineering and
Technology
UET Lahore
LAB 05 REPORT
Course Name:
Analog & Digital Communication
Submitted by:
M Salman Aslam
Registration No:
2022-EE-123
Submitted to:
Sir Imran Javed
Section : B
1
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
Experiment No. 5
Experiment Title: Envelope Detection
Objective
Demodulation of AM signals using envelope detection.
Technical Background:
An envelope detector is a simple circuit used to extract the original modulating signal from an
amplitude-modulated (AM) [Link] mainly consists of a diode and an RC (resistor-
capacitor) filter. The diode rectifies the AM signal, allowing only one polarity—typically the
positive half—to pass, resulting in a series of positive pulses. The RC filter then smooths these
pulses by filtering out the high-frequency carrier components. The capacitor charges and
discharges based on the variations in the signal's envelope, while the resistor helps shape the
output waveform to closely follow the original modulation. This method is effective when the
modulation frequency is significantly lower than the carrier frequency.
Task-1
Description of Task-1:
Generate the AM signal as done in the previous experiment. This time make sure that the
modulation index of the AM signal is less than one. Place a diode followed by a RC circuit to
recover the envelop of the AM signal. Design the values of time constant RC so that the
demodulated signal closely follows the envelope of AM signal.
Calculations:
1
f C=
2 π √ LC
C=0.0 1 μF
L=10 mH
1
f C=
2 π √ 0.0 1× 10(− 6) × 10 ×10( −3)
f C =15.9k Hz ≈1 6kHz
f m=f C /100=159Hz≈ 160Hz
1
f c> >f
2 πRC m
1
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
1 1
16 kHz > ( −6 )
>160 16 kHz > ( − 8)
> 160
2 π ×0.0 1 ×10 × R 6.2×10 × R
1 1
160= −8
16,000= −8
6. 2 ×10 R 6. 2 ×10 R
1 1
R= −8
R= −8
6. 2 ×10 × 160 6. 2 ×10 × 16000
R=100.8 k Ω R=1 k Ω
R=20kΩ
Results and Discussions:
We have used 10mH inductor and 0.01 ×10( −6 )F capacitor also we have calculated the values of resistor
which are of range 1k-100k and we have choose 20kΩ resistor.
Task-2
Description of Task-2
Implement the circuit on breadboard and observe the output. Take snapshots of your message
signal, AM signal and the demodulated signal.
Circuit & Design:
2
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
Task-3
Description of Task-3
explain the output waveform, the methodology and the circuit.
Results and Discussions:
3
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
In this task the output waveform of an AM demodulator’s RC circuit represents the original
modulating signal after the carrier has been removed. This demodulation process is carried out
using an envelope detector, which consists of a diode and an RC filter. The diode rectifies the
AM signal, allowing only the positive half to pass, producing a pulsed DC signal. The RC circuit
then smooths out these pulses by filtering out high-frequency carrier components, leaving behind
only the lower-frequency audio signal. As a result, the final waveform is a clean reproduction of
the original modulating signal.
Conclusion
In conclusion this experiment successfully demonstrated how an envelope detector can be used
to demodulate an AM signal. By selecting an appropriate RC time constant, the detector was able
to extract the original modulating signal from the AM carrier. The diode played a key role in
rectifying the signal, while the RC filter smoothed out the variations, producing an output that
closely followed the original signal’s envelope. This method works effectively for AM signals
with a modulation index below one, emphasizing the importance of properly choosing circuit
components for accurate signal recovery. The results confirmed that envelope detection is a
simple yet reliable approach for AM demodulation.
4
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
5
Name: M Salman Aslam Roll No. : 2022-EE-123
EE-322L ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNCATION
Rubrics for Experiment No.4:
Performance Exceeds expectation Meets expectation Does not meet Marks
(0.25)/(0.25)/(0.25) (-)/(0.125)/(0.125) expectation (0)/(0)/(0)
R1: Timely The submission is on ------ Late submission
submission time
Marks: 0-0.25
R2: Report All relevant All the relevant Most of the relevant
completeness calculations, calculations, graphs, results,
Marks: 0-0.25 specifications, code, specifications, code, calculations,
graphs, and results are graphs and results are specifications, and code
provided with proper provided but with little are missing, as well as
explanation. explanation and their proper explanation
justification. and justification is also
missing.
R3: Error-free The submitted Some parts of the The submitted
write-up assignment is submitted assignment assignment is mostly
Marks: 0-0.25 without any contain formatting plagiarized and contain
plagiarism and errors and plagiarized formatting errors.
formatting errors. material.
Performance Exceeds Meets expectation Does not meet Marks
expectation (2)/(1) (1.5)/(0.5) expectation (0)/(0)
R1: Realization of The circuit is The circuit is patched Incapable to patch the
Experiment’s patched correctly, neatly and correctly, circuit correctly and
Hardware on and safely, with neat but not in a workable neatly on breadboard
Breadboard. Marks: connections on the form
0-2 breadboard
R2: Knowledge of Has theoretical Has partial theoretical Has no background
theoretical aspects knowledge required knowledge about the knowledge about the
Marks: 0-2 for the experiment experiment experiment
R3: Conducting All the required The required tasks are Unable to implement
Hardware tasks are correctly partially implemented all the tasks even with
Experiment. Marks: implemented guidance
0-1
R4: Demonstrate Correct results are Results are provided Results are provided
proper results with provided with with minor errors with major errors
justification. Marks: required and/or with little and/or with no
0-2 justification justification justification