Aplicalon a Partual

UNIT-2 Dwumtial Eaualum

Wawe Egnuatierm-
2u c2 02u
Imp

m
R0 u CC, + C22) (C3 +Cut)

co
Rp u= (C5ePr + Cç ePz) ( Cqe CPt + Cge-cpt )

R-p2 (C9 Jmpz+ Cio nim pz)(G1 4e cpt+ Gnsincht

a.
u=

ity
Beumdary cemvdiben ad
(E) ulo,t) =D Remam nammu
im all Gunluen
ne
C)ulit) =0J
zo

) =o at t O t U- fl at t =
oChamg
t at
Accedimg
y

ul-o) = g(<) to
ud

Auntie
t
.s
w
w
w
 One Dimensienal Heat Elow quatuon

u - c2 )2u
at
Tm
O |R= -P2 = CeC"P*e (C2 Aepr + Ca nim pz)
R = p2 u= CyePet (C5 ef* + C p - )
R D u Ca (Cot x (a)

Beumdau Cemolion
)u(o.t) =0 Remam 6ame

co
in all qun
) ul.t) -
o.

a.
ulrio) = { l ) chamge accerdung
to u t o m
ity
ad
we Dmumisnal Heat Elos taaliem
ne

L= c29++92u -
at y
zo

At ntiady tati, u des met

ahamat wth t
U.e
u-o
y
ud

Hence qualon 1 bece e

t

y2
.s

Jhis s callud LaPlacs iyaten Ih 2-D

w

Imp
|R =p
w

u= [1 Aepz +C2 in px] [Ca ePd +

CyeP
R-P2 u- [ Cg eP+ CucP]lCa ces py + Cg
w

Ro Sinp1]|
u:
[Cq+ Cio)[Cn+Ci2
Beumday Condilion

ulo y) = D

) ulA9)= O
u(zo) = o e l«)
w)ul i ) - 0 8*(«)
 NIT 1-
For 93,
N E (3
nn
8)Moment Aboutt the ouigin.
V fini = NN 1.

m
co
V L

a.
9)Relahon b/w ur k t ' .

ity
ad
ne

s -34' +24
zo

t h'- tu + 6un'i - 3 t
y
ud

)Relaton Hw V and Hr.

t
.s
w

V +7
w
w
) lOment Jenenating funuton alout ouwgin

Mul4) e L e dn

4 ) Jt=o

m
V -

co
a.
) kasul tarson' Ccchblcient spewnos.
=A m-Made
ity
ad
$.D
ne

Raul Peapson's Caebicdent 8keonem

zo

3 CA m.- medi'ar)
y

SD
ud

an- made o
t

SD
.s

Mian made
w
w

istilbuhon tmmadi'tal
w

i 4 Skr 7o Man made o

Mean- Made o
mcan mode
l'stn'uton hentvely keued.
 Mean Medt zo.

san- mode 2 0
MCane mode .

A1stibution f negahiuely skeued

13 Moment Coehbiuent of skewnen =

m
V

co
gamme Co{ficevt

a.
-

ity
14) Measure kuttoMs ad k- - 2
ne

73 Leptokwrti.
zo

3mesokeuwtiC.
y

Pr23 platykute
ud

Cwve FHng
t
.s

FiHng a Shralght Line.

w

Naumal q - y na+ bin

w
w

1) Caebbluet of Correlatlon
ny 2x-7) (y-7)
 nE ny -EnL

11 Rank Conelato
m(n-D
8)
n a tbEn r- =
buy 9-3)

m
b (n-n)

co
yn (n- n)
Regece wion
cocbd nt byw

a.
ity
Ro) nglu B/w RAns o Rguumon
ad
tan 0 =
ne

1) 9hen = 0, 0=7/2 He 2 inu o Kegueion ae " o cauh okhen

zo

f hem t +1 , tan0 0, 6o that 0=o ar7T.

=
y

Kon ce the lines qy Hagexlon co?nude and thexe l's peuheet

ud

Comeaion b/uw he vauates n ky.

t
.s
w
w
w
 UNIT
9 Mcthomattal (oR clatal) chin'ton Pabaliliy
feu PCE) Favaurable ns: o cases m
Exhausti ve mo: 0} Caes

UnlawQwable no a ca Pm =1-
ErhausHve no oj canes m

= 1-P

m
t 1

PCE) =m

co
m ntm

a.
) BAVES Theorem

ity
r(G/A)= fE) P(A/E)
PE;) P(R/e)
ad
tE/A) = r(E) PtA/ G,)
ne

PE)P)+ P(¬-) r )
zo

3) Bfnomial Pababil eshi bud'on.

mean-?
y

vaiance ="P
ud

4)
4) Recwoun te Faumula
t
.s

P(T+1)=nY Pr)
w
w

5) VorSSOM DIStibudion
mean=
w

=r)= e (T=0,12,3,*--). vaiamce A

6) Moumal bistm'button
 )BasPc fropesttes of he Noumal Lstibutton.
ftm)

f FCa? dn = .

h he leumal disn'vuh on ym mah'tal alvaut iB muom.

R he mear, mode

m
, and median hts disn' letio tasnte.

co
mecm=

Yayamce = s

a.
ity
ad
ne
y zo
t ud
.s
w
w
w
HHng oj an Exponondi as Cunve y =aeb*.

og lo31o+bn log1o .

Ytx
Y eaey. P= LCgje , b= bJ0gio ¬, Y=
EY= nA + B£X
Y =
AEY +Bsx
G
anilog A

m
drnd b=_

co
PiHing he Cuve y=a«.
kogu y= Legia + blogie

a.
Y A+6X

ity
-Log y A leg. B=b, X = Anno
ad
ne
Y = A EX +62x

d antily A b= 6.
zo

Fitng h e Cwwve y 2ab".

y

eg y= laga + r Logb.
ud

At6xJ
t
.s

= Atgy, A Lega, 6-hag , x=n

w

E Y= n A
+62
w

2xY = A EX + B£x2
w

a
Ontlm A) b= anhleg B).
A"ng h e tuw 2* =ax +bx +C.

22r a 2 u ' + bi» +c£n.

2 q2u*+ báx + mc
fiHing Dhe uuwe fvY =k
7 Vk v V
rv

leg V icg k. - Y lag

Y= Bx

m
co
y b+ an.

a.
ty b+an 7 b +

ity
whee ad 1=L
na +b£x amd xY a En +b En2
ne

an+b/n
zo

a x +bx
y
ud

2 ny a £n +bs n*
Eny= aEn + beu*
t
.s

any =
ag +nb 2 /n na +
bsy
w
w

Ey=ma +b E cE
w

Co/ .

Sy= Co
£ +C1 En .
CHI- SOUA RE (**) TEST

0i4 Ei N N (tal
hungueny) kdegue Y bucedom
(4-4)(m-1)
Mate- 1) if x*=o, the olbsevwnd k heonch'tal ue ntl e,
agucc exautly

m
ify 7* 7 o, they do nat agce
exaty
xatiy .

co
n he case e Binomial disrbut'on d.f = n-).

a.
m he ca l'aisS On
o di'tni buuton df= m-
2

ity
9n he case o Noumal di'sti' luuti'on d4 =
n-3.
ad
F-star't= Vani'ance b/w the s amples
ne

Vanuance luciHln he samples

zo

onova Table
Mian
y

Sawwt ef vaiahon Sum

Squines udo 6uane
ud

Blw Samples SS -I
t

F=msC
.s

horthun Sainples SSE n-k sE

msE SsE
w

h- R
w
w
ConstnuttHonConhel Chants Fou Uauialdes 12

man Mnin
, + +

R+Rz

m
co
Fow -haut

a.
Cendral ' n t = , When +alenante. Limit aue et gie

ity
A hen tolurance. i s ae 7

Ll + UeL)
ad
LCL is loue tonte! imit and Ull is uppe ohol u'mut
ne

lCL (Fo Kthat) = i -AaR

zo

UL = T +ALR
y

Fou R chaxt
ud

CL = A
whene Ps&Dy depend on
t

[Link] z e and cwe heu nd.

.s

uCL DR uom elousing taul

w
w

toleuone innit
o tompute uppea * lowven totes
w

uwe h a
ou he values n ,
LTL A- SR

UTL +3R

Puo ces Capall+q|6=6R

 Contral Chasts Par tilbuie
Follouing chant: (13
rhant
) p hat

ti) C ebant
Me of ddeelive avehitle tund n anq inspeelicn
Total o aulde, aduatly fupeded

m
Conhol umits (3 c Umits) on p- chaut

co
M ean value q bradion deboutiue i p 2 so

a.
CLP
ity
ad
ne

LCLr =7-3 P-3/r7)

zo

Control Umis tou np hant.

y

cLnp whoe P= Entr

ud

En
p + 3np np +3p (l-)
t
.s

LCLp P-3 CI-P)

w

Contral mit toC dhau

w

a) Diysetan u twa dahsc k dahacHve

w

An it cm i called defertiie ff # dails to conbom to te

speuHaions în ans e cha teu'sthCs. Eah havateuist
hat doe not meet the &peuf# ations is o debeet. Pn item
is deheutiwe ifitLontains w Luaxt ne deheit. Te np
hawu 4pplies fo tho no: o dolsdiues fn subgLeups
Const ize uehile C laut aPpl'es s the nunben o
dobaes fn o subgnaup o Cons ize.
 aut
t'mik
4
C
Calculaton Condral on

Thus 3c bmih on achaut dne UCle = +3T

artd Cendallne

TNe deheuh fn all sanples

m
Taral No samples,

co
a.
ity
ad
ne
y zo
t ud
.s
w
w
w
 lartial Ditfeeutial Epuahons

m
2 d

co
S =

Jncy

a.
4

toTmetion Parial Differatol Equahon

ity
ad
. y he eliminatig ef arbioy comsdous
ne

ay-2,0.6)= o
zo

whern o, b are arbifnry cowkouts. n ahd y are

indepencleut ranables and is dependert vnable.

y

z a
ud

FMgPg) =o
By the elimina'o oarbitay anetos
t
.s

Let , u be two knouon ucioss y. z

w

cohhected by he delaton
w
w

The solwtou f (n.y, z,a, b) = O a t orde

parhal dittereuial equaion, which tohains hwo
arbitrar."conttands j called a comph
COmp'

or (oaplete inrtg tak. 13/19

J in obove solurhen, we
puf b: dla) we
get
 p2bla) = o. Thxis calleol
hegeneral
Selu-hon o Cne ne gral. (1e
oluelin ehoinced
h e conple te iategr
yig
is calleol
pariculav valuesle he arbidray cealHand
pavieular seleieh or pathewlad itgnl
a

The
uugue seluti'otn oa paxtial differtaha
equah'od conpoding to

m
Must Pysica pacblem
Mult safisfy cerJärn olher Cehctious at he

co
bouhelazy o ihe egion K. hese ae khovh as
he boundary cenditions .

a.
3 hese coditieess

ity
hey are khooh a h e
ae givendor he time t=o.
inial cehdih ous.
ad
Lntad lomo gentou Tadi ol Dffereehial Equ
ne

pai al dieeehal equcriou is

Kaidto be
zo

ineai 1 i
int depee in he dereroeut
vanable and i
paztial derivatives anc als
y

y ae
hot muliplieel
oge-her.
ud

agrages bquatiou-
t
.s

+Ba R
w
w
w

Tai's is calleel Lagravge's auriay egiatious od

Bubaidioy equetios
 Kules fov ihcig C-FE (1a
when the A.E dirsinct eos
(ase I- has

Cast I- hen Ahe A.E has equal vods

m
Rales Hor inding P1.

co
FC0. D) dlansby)

a.
=

ity
P1
*1 ) Jotudududu. de
ad
Case oouikure
ne

*T (ansby); F{[Link]=o
y zo

irlaoug)
ud

where FCa,) #o
t
.s

When d,la,) is eHhe fom or ehional a

w

iutgral gekroic unehón audaud y

w

In h case, P.1. i obtained by expancing F[D.D')

w

in
an infrwite 3eies oalceuclig pouwe DD orD
O 94 i aho be noteol Hhat the ditfe onte
awwe P . inmatefal because (t
can be incoporatiol in the arbitruy dunchous
occur in CF he giv eg aiol.
 CHARPITs METHOD
de dz

P'arial Dijfveehial Equatiows of Hhe Sreond aeler

m
parial erewhial equation o he sceoucl

co
orcler ohen intludes at Lealt one oHhe

a.
parhial
parhal
oreder
clerivat ives t, s,4 bub o he higher
hone

ity
Homegeneous
wit inea Parhal DitJeeaial Equahons
ad
witk cousfant coeticienls

Fgy)
ne
y zo

oCo.)a = Fy)
ud

u)
Thehe Conplenth7aay unc-kion (cF) which Is
4he
t

Cop lelesol a he e9u D. D')2 o. H mu

.s

Confain h abitray u where n the oade

w

the ditfer ehak eg uafion.

w

i)
keparticwlar integrl CP-1) ohieh is partital.
w

so/uh'bn (ee fromarbi-ony consdaurts) f dlno)2=Fo%

he C.S
.7Noh Honwoyet eru ienr ta-hil Dlerneial
19
)
d(.n')
ase . y) d do, ) 4o
P

m
co
Coe Zen F(ug) : sia lani hy) ot os l onAby)

a.
P:T ttony1n(onay)or cas(awby3

ity
ad
t'.o.)
Jorns (ans by)3
ne

n(mik
f ,u
zo

Case oheu F(",y)= n"y" where m Cne beiug

Pposiive infeges
y

=[dlo»b)J "Caya)
ud

d(p.D),ed
aler vponding L4 D.D')
t

kic tqn be
.s

fn acudine poue) k De n dh) o

w

oben m< h) or b orD a he caje may be.

w

a ncparufe
a towslanb i paesent in lD.D'hen
w

ahoul
ahould in laking the term
be [Link]
34 to be hofed fiat if p.Z7
oudidefhe baackel, t
oblainndby evpanding ¢D,0)
f'h two or more
in 9T i l l be
difentways,Len diete
IimMafenl.
 CoCheral Methol to Ad The P-T

7
c -madn
- y)
=

4 (n, c- mn)dn
where FC D, D) Can be acfonheol in qeueral
Methoels for inclig out (E

m
We rmolve d (b.0') into Liutar actor he for
D-mD-a.

co
a.
(-D-a)(b- m,b-) (D-n,D-4,)z = O

ity
Sn the Case of Kepeateol factors, e g» lb -m-a)z= o ad
hare
e 7
e lyt ma)a ne"A (yamn s (Yn)
ne

when F[D,D) cau hot be actonizec into nea ratfon

(b-D)2 =
zo

Dz 2 = Ahe
y
ud

D
t

D2 2 - AR+ky
.s

y
w

Ah&y-AL = O
w

A (h-kJ =o
w

h
7= A e k y

EAeKny
Case- then Fn,) = e"".v, here Vi a luechi'n
n andy (21
P:T : Ln.V=e eon hio,'eb)
(D.D
Equah oss Recducible to parhal diternwial epuotious
ik cos Jant cocfieiénds

m
- y é so hot Jan, Y:Jy
. 0 X = LJz

co
dX Jn

a.
ity
= (p-1)ndz = (o-1)D2
Ja
ad
=(D-2) = (0-2)(p-1)Dz
n
ne

(B-)a, =(o-)(orbz.
JoyD
zo

DDz
y
t ud
.s
w
w
w

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