Fraction

Operations
5A Adding and
Subtracting Fractions
5-1 Least Common
Multiple
es
LAB Model Fraction Addition Painting Tim
and Subtraction Time (hr)
Paint
5-2 Adding and Subtracting Object 3

Oil-based 10
with Unlike Denominators 2)
Wall (100 ft 2

5-3 Adding and Subtracting Latex 5
2)
Mixed Numbers Wall (100 ft 3

LAB Model Subtraction with Latex 4
ft)
Regrouping Chair rail (100 3

Stain 5
5-4 Regrouping to Subtract ft)
Chair rail (100 1

Mixed Numbers Oil-based 2
5-5 Solving Fraction Door 3

Equations: Addition and Oil-based 4
Subtraction Window
5B Multiplying and
Dividing Fractions
5-6 Multiplying Fractions by
Whole Numbers
LAB Model Fraction
Multiplication
5-7 Multiplying Fractions
5-8 Multiplying Mixed
Numbers Painter
LAB Model Fraction Division Have you ever wondered how
5-9 Dividing Fractions and painters estimate how much to charge
Mixed Numbers
for a job? Professional painters might
5-10 Solving Fraction
Equations: Multiplication paint houses, schools, office buildings,
and Division sports stadiums, or even music halls.
To estimate how much to charge, many
painters use a table that lists the average
time it should take to prepare and paint
certain objects. The table shows some
painting jobs and the amount of time
KEYWORD: MR7 Ch5 they take to complete.

224 Chapter 5
 Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the list to complete each sentence. denominator
1. The first five ? of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30. The factors
? of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. improper fraction
2. Fractions with the same denominator are called like fractions
? .
multiples
3. A fraction is in ? when the GCF of the numerator
and the denominator is 1. numerator

4. The fraction 193 is a(n) ? because the ? is proper fraction

greater than the ? . simplest form
unlike fractions
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need for
this chapter.
Simplify Fractions
Write each fraction in simplest form.
6 5 14 8
5. 10 6. 15 7. 8 8. 12
10 12 33 15
9.  
100
10.  
144
11.  
121
12. 1
7

Write Mixed Numbers as Fractions

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction.
1 3 4 7
13. 1 14. 24 15. 25 16. 19
8
1 2 4 11
17. 3 18. 53 19. 47 20. 31
5 2

Add and Subtract Like Fractions

Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
5 1 3 5 9 3 5 2
21. 8  8 22. 7  7 23. 10  1
0
24. 9  9
1 1 7 5 3 4 4 1
25. 2  2 26. 12  1
2
27. 5  5 28. 15  1
5

Multiplication Facts
Multiply.
29. 8  11 30. 7  8 31. 4  12 32. 12  7
33. 10  13 34. 9  7 35. 6  8 36. 11  12

Fraction Operations 225

 Key
Vocabulary/Vocabulario
Previously, you
least common mínimo común
• modeled addition and denominator (LCD) denominador (MCD)
subtraction of fractions with
least common mínimo común
like denominators.
multiple (LCM) múltiplo (MCM)
• estimated sums and differences
reciprocals recíproco
of whole numbers.
• wrote equivalent fractions.
Vocabulary Connections
To become familiar with some of the
vocabulary terms in the chapter, consider the
following. You may refer to the chapter, the
glossary, or a dictionary if you like.
Study Guide: Preview

You will study

1. The word reciprocal means “inversely
• modeling addition and related or opposite.” What do you
subtraction situations involving think the reciprocal of a fraction will
fractions. look like?
• estimating sums and differences 2. When people have something in common,
of fractions. they have something that they share.
• adding, subtracting, What do you think two numbers with a
multiplying, and dividing common multiple share? What do you
fractions and mixed numbers think the least common multiple of
with unlike denominators. two numbers is?

• solving equations with 3. Fractions with the same denominator have

fractions. a common denominator. What do you
think the least common denominator
of two fractions is?

You can use the skills

learned in this chapter
• to solve measurement
problems that involve
fractions and mixed numbers.
• to estimate sums and
differences between distances
that involve fractions.

226 Chapter 5
Study Strategy: Make Flash Cards
Create flash cards to help you learn a sequence of steps, vocabulary, math
symbols, formulas, or mathematical rules. Study your flash cards often.
Use these suggestions to make flash cards.
• Label each card with the lesson number so you can look back at your
textbook when studying.
• Write the name of the formula, term, or rule on one side of the card,
and the meaning or an example on the other side of the card.
• Write definitions using your own words.

Life Science Application

Reading and Writing Math

From
Lesson Sophie plants a young oak tree in her backyard. The distance
4-8 around the trunk grows at a rate of ᎏ18ᎏ inch per month. Use pictures
to model how much this distance will increase in two months,
then write your answer in simplest form.
1 1
ᎏᎏ ⴙ ᎏᎏ
8 8
1 1 2
ᎏᎏ ⴙ ᎏᎏ ⴝ ᎏᎏ Add the numerators. Keep the same denominator.
8 8 8
1
ⴝ ᎏ4ᎏ Write your answer in simplest form.

The distance around the trunk will increase by ᎏ14ᎏ inch.

Lesson 4-8 1
— 1
+ —
8 8
Sample Pages 202–205
Flash Keep the denominators. 1 1
Card
—
8
+ —
8
= —
8
Adding and Subtracting Add the numerators. 1
—
8
+ 8 = 82
1
— —

Fractions with Write in simplest form. 1

—
4
Like Denominators

Front Back
Try This

1. Use Lesson 4-6 to make flash cards for the rules for writing
mixed numbers as improper fractions.

Fraction Operations 227

 5-1 Least Common Multiple

Learn to find the least After games in Lydia’s soccer

common multiple (LCM) league, one player’s family
of a group of numbers. brings snacks for both teams
to share. This week Lydia’s
Vocabulary family will provide juice
least common boxes and granola bars for
multiple (LCM) 24 players.
You can make a model to help
you find the least number of
Georgia Performance
Standards juice and granola packs Lydia’s
M6N1.c Determine the least family should buy. Use colored
common multiple (LCM) for a counters, drawings, or pictures
set of numbers. Also, M6P1.b, to illustrate the problem.
M6P5.c.

EXAMPLE 1 Consumer Application

Juice comes in packs of 6, and granola bars in packs of 8. If there
are 24 players, what is the least number of packs needed so that
A multiple of a each player has a drink and granola bar and there are none left
number is the product
of the number and
over?
any nonzero whole Draw juice boxes in groups of 6. Draw granola bars in groups of 8.
number. Stop when you have drawn the same number of each.

There are 24 juice boxes and 24 granola bars.

Lydia’s family should buy 4 packs of juice and 3 packs of granola bars.

The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers is the

least common multiple (LCM) . In Example 1, the LCM of 6 and 8 is 24.

228 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 EXAMPLE 2 Using Multiples to Find the LCM
Find the least common multiple (LCM).
Method 1: Use a number line.
6 and 9
Use a number line to skip count by 6 and 9.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

The least common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 9 is 18.

Method 2: Use a list.
3, 5, and 6
3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, . . . List multiples of
5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, . . . 3, 5, and 6.
6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, . . . Find the smallest
number that is in all
LCM: 30 the lists.

Method 3: Use prime factorization.

8 and 12
The prime 8222
factorization of a 12  2  2  3 Write the prime factorization of each number.
number is the number
written as a product
Line up the common factors.
of its prime factors. 2223 To find the LCM, multiply one
2  2  2  3  24 number from each column.
LCM: 24
12, 10, and 15
12  22  3 Write the prime factorization of each
10  2  5 number in exponential form.
15  35
To find the LCM, multiply each prime factor
2 35
2
once with the greatest exponent used in any
22  3  5  60 of the prime factorizations.
LCM: 60

GPS M6P2.c, M6P3.b

Think and Discuss
1. Explain why you cannot find a greatest common multiple for a
group of numbers.
2. Tell whether the LCM of a set of numbers can ever be smaller than
any of the numbers in the set.

5-1 Least Common Multiple 229

5-1 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-1
M6P1.c, M6P3.a, M6P5.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 1. Pencils are sold in packs of 12, and erasers in packs of 9. Mr. Joplin
wants to give each of 36 students a pencil and an eraser. What is the
least number of packs he should buy so there are none left over?

See Example 2 Find the least common multiple (LCM).

2. 3 and 5 3. 4 and 9 4. 2, 3, and 6 5. 2, 4, and 5
6. 4 and 12 7. 6 and 16 8. 4, 6, and 8 9. 2, 5, and 8
10. 6 and 10 11. 21 and 63 12. 3, 5, and 9 13. 5, 6, and 25

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 14. String-cheese sticks are sold in packs of 10, and celery sticks in packs of
15. Ms. Sobrino wants to give each of 30 students one string-cheese
stick and one celery stick. What is the least number of packs she should
buy so there are none left over?

See Example 2 Find the least common multiple (LCM).

15. 2 and 8 16. 3 and 7 17. 4 and 10 18. 3 and 9
19. 3, 6, and 9 20. 4, 8, and 10 21. 4, 6, and 12 22. 4, 6, and 7
23. 3, 8, and 12 24. 3, 7, and 10 25. 2, 6, and 11 26. 2, 3, 6, and 9
27. 2, 4, 5, and 6 28. 10 and 11 29. 4, 5, and 7 30. 2, 3, 6, and 8

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice 31. What is the LCM of 6 and 12? 32. What is the LCM of 5 and 11?
See page 722.
Extra Practice p. 722
33. The diagram at right is a Venn diagram. Multiples of 4 Multiples of 6
The numbers in the red circle are multiples
of 4. The numbers in the blue circle are a c
multiples of 6. The numbers in the purple 6
24
section are multiples of both 4 and 6. 4
d b
Find the missing numbers in the Venn diagram.
a. a two-digit multiple of 4 that is not a multiple of 6
b. a two-digit multiple of 6 that is not a multiple of 4
c. the LCM of 4 and 6
d. a three-digit common multiple of 4 and 6
Find a pair of numbers that has the given characteristics.
34. The LCM of the two numbers is 26. One number is even and one is odd.
35. The LCM of the two numbers is 48. The sum of the numbers is 28.
36. The LCM of the two numbers is 60. The difference of the two numbers is 3.

230 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 37. During its grand opening weekend, a
Career
restaurant gave every eighth customer
a free appetizer, every twelfth customer a
free beverage, and every fifteenth
customer a free dish of frozen yogurt.
a. Which customer was the first to
receive all three free items?
b. Which customer was the first to receive
a free appetizer and frozen yogurt?
Paula Deen runs the c. If the restaurant served 500 customers
award-winning Lady
& Sons Restaurant that weekend, how many of those customers received all three free items?
in Savannah. She
38. Choose a Strategy Sophia gave 12 of her semi-precious-rock collection to
also has a cooking
show on the Food her son. She gave 12 of what she had left to her grandson. Then she gave
Network and is the 1 of what she had left to her great-grandson. She kept 10 rocks for herself.
2
author of several How many rocks did she have in the beginning?
cookbooks.
A 40 B 80 C 100 D 160
39. Write About It Explain the steps you can use to find the LCM of two
numbers. Choose two numbers to show an example of your method.
40. Challenge Find the LCM of each pair of numbers.
a. 4 and 6 b. 8 and 9 c. 5 and 7 d. 8 and 10
When is the LCM of two numbers equal to the product of the two numbers?

41. Multiple Choice Cheese cubes are sold in packs of 60. Crackers are sold in
packs of 12. To make 60 snacks of 2 cheese cubes and 1 cracker, what is the least
number of packs of each type needed?
A 2 cheese, 1 cracker C 2 cheese, 2 cracker
B 2 cheese, 5 cracker D 5 cheese, 2 cracker
42. Multiple Choice What is the least common multiple of 5 and 8?
F 40 G 20 H 80 J 60

Multiply. (Lesson 3-6)

43. 0.3  0.1 44. 0.16  0.5 45. 1.2  0.2 46. 0.7  9

Compare. Write , , or . (Lesson 4-7)

2 2 10 100 2 5
47. 9 
13
48. 1
1

110
49. 57 37

Add or subtract. (Lesson 4-8)

5 11 3 2 2 1
50. 6  6 51. 7  47 52. 63  33

5-1 Least Common Multiple 231

 Model Fraction Addition
5-2 and Subtraction
Use with Lesson 5-2 and 5-3
Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.d, M6P5.a, M6P5.b KEYWORD: MR7 Lab5

When fractions have different denominators, you need to find a common

denominator before you can add or subtract them. Write equivalent
fractions with the same denominator and then perform the operation.

Activity 1
1 1
1 Find 8  4.
Use fraction bars to represent both fractions.
1 1
8 4
Find one size of fraction bars to model both fractions.
1

8
 18 and 14 is equivalent to 28.
1
1 1 1 Find the total number of 8 fraction bars.
8 8 8

1 2 3
    8
8 8

2 1
2 Find 3  2.
Use fraction bars to represent both fractions.
1 1 1
3 3 2
Find one size of fraction bars to model both fractions.
1 2 1 3
 is equivalent to  and  is equivalent to .
3 6 2 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Find the total number of 6 fraction bars.

2 2 3

6
 
6
 
6
7 1
  1
6 6

Think and Discuss

1 1 2 1
1. Explain what the denominators of 6, 4, 3, and 2 have in common?
(Hint: Think of common multiples.)

Try This
Model each addition expression with fraction bars, draw the model, and find the sum.
1 1 3 1 1 2 3 1
1. 4  2 2. 8  4 3. 2  5 4. 4  6
1 1 7 3 2 1 5 1
5. 3  6 6. 8  4 7. 3  4 8. 8  4

232 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Activity 2
1 1
1 Find 3  6.
Use fraction bars to represent both fractions.
1 11
3 6 Find one size of fraction bars to model both fractions.

1 2 1
1
6
1
6
1
6
 is equivalent to  and 
3 6 6
 16.

1 1 1 2
Take away 6 from 6.
6 6

2 1 1

6
 6  6

1 1
2 Find 2  3.
Use fraction bars to represent both fractions.
1 1
2 3
Find one size of fraction bars to model both fractions.

1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2
 is equivalent to  and  is equivalent to .
6 6 6 6 6 2 6 3 6

1 1 1 2 3
6 6 6
Take away 6 from 6.

3 2 1

6
 6  6

Think and Discuss

1. What size fraction bar would you use to model 12  14? Is there another
size fraction bar you could use? Explain.
2. What size fraction bar would you use to model 45  12? Explain.

Try This
Model each subtraction expression with fraction bars, draw the
model, and find the difference.
3 1 1 1 1 2 5 1
1. 4  3 2. 3  4 3. 2  5 4. 6  3
1 5 7 3 1 1 1 1
5. 2  12 6. 8  4 7. 4  8 8. 4  6

5-2 Hands-On Lab 233

 5-2 Adding and Subtracting
with Unlike Denominators
Learn to add and ARCTIC OCEAN

subtract fractions with

unlike denominators. NORTH EUROPE ASIA
AMERICA
ATLANTIC PACIFIC
Vocabulary OCEAN
AFRICA
OCEAN

PACIFIC
least common OCEAN
denominator (LCD) SOUTH N INDIAN
AMERICA OCEAN

AUSTRALIA

Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.d Add and subtract ANTARCTICA
fractions and mixed numbers
with unlike denominators. Also,
M6N1.g, M6P1.c, M6P4.c.
The Pacific Ocean covers 13 of Earth’s surface. The Atlantic Ocean
covers 15 of Earth’s surface. To find the fraction of Earth’s surface that is
covered by both oceans, you can add 13 and 15, which are unlike
Fractions that fractions.
represent the same
To add or subtract unlike fractions, first rewrite them as equivalent
value are equivalent.
fractions with a common denominator.

EXAMPLE 1 Social Studies Application

What fraction of Earth’s surface is covered by the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans? Add 13 and 15.
1 1
1
 Find a common 3 5
3
1 denominator for 3 and 5.
 5 ?
Write equivalent
1 5 fractions with 15 as the
  1
3 15 common denominator. 1
3 5
1 3
 5 
15 Add the numerators. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 Keep the common 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

15 denominator.
The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans cover 185 of Earth’s surface.

You can use any common denominator or the least common

denominator to add and subtract unlike fractions. The least common
denominator (LCD) is the least common multiple of the denominators.

234 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

EXAMPLE 2 Adding and Subtracting Unlike Fractions
Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
Method 1: Multiply the denominators.
9 7
  
10 8
9 7
  
10 8
Multiply the denominators. 10  8  80
72 70
   Write equivalent fractions with a common denominator.
80 80
2
 Subtract.
80
1
 Write the answer in simplest form.
40

Method 2: Use the LCD.

9 7
   Multiples of 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, . . .
10 8
9 7
   Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, . . . The LCD is 40.
10 8
36 35
   Write equivalent fractions with a common denominator.
40 40
1
 Subtract.
40

Method 3: Use mental math.

5 1
  
12 6
5 1
   Think: 12 is a multiple of 6, so the LCD is 12.
12 6
5 2
    Rewrite 61 with a denominator of 12.
12 12
7
 Add.
12
1 2
  
3 9
1 2
   Think: 9 is a multiple of 3, so the LCD is 9.
3 9
3 2
   Rewrite 1
3 with a denominator of 9.
9 9
1
 Subtract.
9

GPS M6P2.c, M6P3.b

Think and Discuss
1. Explain an advantage of using the least common denominator
(LCD) when adding unlike fractions.
2. Tell when the least common denominator (LCD) of two fractions
is the product of their denominators.
3. Explain how you can use mental math to subtract 112 from 34.

5-2 Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators 235

5-2 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-2
M6P3.c, M6P4.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 1. A trailer hauling wood weighs 23 ton. The trailer weighs 14 ton without the
wood. What is the weight of the wood?

See Example 2 Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.

1 1 7 2 2 2 1 3
2. 3  9 3. 10  5 4. 3  5 5. 2  7

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 6. Social Studies Approximately 15 of the world’s population lives in China. The
people of India make up about 16 of the world’s population. What fraction of
the world’s people live in either China or India?
7. Cedric is making an Italian dish using a recipe that calls for 23 cup of grated
mozarella cheese. If Cedric has grated 12 cup of mozarella cheese, how much
more does he need to grate?

See Example 2 Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.

3 1 1 5 5 3 1 1
8. 4  2 9. 6  1
2
10. 6  4 11. 5  4
7 1 1 4 8 2 5 1
12. 10  8 13. 3  5 14. 9  3 15. 8  2

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Find each sum or difference. Write your answer in simplest form.
See page 722. 3 1 4 1 5 1 1 2
Extra Practice p. 722 16. 10  2 17. 5  3 18. 8  6 19. 6  9
2 2 7 1 7 2 2 2
20. 7  5 21. 12  4 22. 8  3 23. 11  3

Evaluate each expression for b  12. Write your answer in simplest form.
1 8 2 7
24. b  3 25. 9  b 26. b  11 27. 10  b
2 5
28. 7  b 29. b  b 30. b  b 31. b  8

Evaluate. Write each answer in simplest form.

1 1 1 9 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2
32. 3  9  3 33. 10  1
0
 5 34. 2  4  8 35. 7  1
4
 28
5 2 7 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5
36. 6  3  12 37. 3  4  6 38. 9  6  3 39. 2  4  8

40. Bailey spent 23 of his monthly allowance at the movies and 15 of it on baseball
cards. What fraction of Bailey’s allowance is left?
41. Multi-Step Betty is making punch for a party. She needs a total of 190
gallon of water to add to fruit juice. In one container she has 13 gallon water,
and in another she has 25 gallon. How much more water does she need?

236 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Life Science
The red lorikeet, galah cockatoo, and green-cheeked Amazon
are three very colorful birds. The African grey parrot is known
for its ability to mimic sounds it hears. In fact, one African grey
named Prudle had a vocabulary of almost 1,000 words.
42. Which bird weighs more, the green-cheeked Amazon
or the red lorikeet?
43. What is the difference in weights between the green-cheeked
Amazon and the red lorikeet? Red lorikeet,
3 2
44. Does the red lorikeet weigh more or less than 12 lb? Explain.  lb, 11 in.
8 5

45. What’s the Error? A student found the difference

in weight between the African grey parrot and the galah
cockatoo to be 1 lb. Explain the error. Then find the correct
difference between the weights of these birds.
Galah cockatoo,
46. Write About It Explain how you find the 3 9
 lb, 13 in.
4 10
difference in weight between the galah cockatoo and
green-cheeked Amazon.
47. Challenge Find the average weight of the birds.

Green-cheeked African grey

Amazon, 35 lb, 1315 in. parrot, 78 lb, 13 in.

48. Multiple Choice One apple weighs 14 lb and another apple weighs 136 lb. Find
the difference in their weights.
1 1 1 7
A  lb B  lb C  lb D  lb
16 6 4 16
49. Short Response Wanda walked 274 mile more than Lori. Lori walked 56 mile
less than Jack. Wanda walked 38 mile. How many miles did Jack walk? Give your
answer in simplest form. Explain how you solved the problem.

Divide. (Lesson 3-7)

50. 1.40  2 51. 3.3  3 52. 0.85  5 53. 0.375  3
Estimate each sum or difference to compare. Write < or >. (Lesson 4-9)
4 2 1 1 7 3 1 8
54. 5  3 1 55. 63  29 4 56. 81
0
 17 8 57. 55  9 6

5-2 Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators 237

 5-3 Adding and Subtracting
Mixed Numbers
Learn to add and Chameleons can change color at any
subtract mixed numbers time to camouflage themselves. They
with unlike live high in trees and are seldom seen
denominators.
on the ground.
A Parsons chameleon, which is the
Georgia Performance largest kind of chameleon, can extend
Standards its tongue 112 times the length of its
M6N1.d Add and substract body. This allows the chameleon to
fractions and mixed numbers
with unlike denominators. Also,
capture food it otherwise would not
M6N1.g, M6P1.b. be able to reach.
To add or subtract mixed numbers with The chameleon is the only animal capable of
moving each eye independently of the other.
unlike denominators, you must first A chameleon can turn its eyes about 360°.
find a common denominator for the
fractions.

EXAMPLE 1 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers

Find each sum or difference. Write the answer in simplest form.
3 1
24  16
3
24
18
22 Multiply the denominators. 4  6  24
4
Write equivalent fractions with a
1 4
 16  12
4 common denominator of 24.
  Add the fractions and then the whole
22 11
32
4
 31
2 numbers, and simplify.

5 2
46  29
5 15 The LCD of 6 and 9 is 18.
46 41
8
2 4 Write equivalent fractions with a
 29  21
8 common denominator of 18.
  Subtract the fractions and then the whole
11
21
8 numbers.

2 3
23  14
2 8 The LCD of 3 and 4 is 12.
23 21
2 Write equivalent fractions with a
3 9
 14  11
2
common denominator of 12.
 Add the fractions and then the whole
17 5
31
2
 412 17
numbers, and simplify. 3
5
  3 1
12 12

238 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Find each sum or difference. Write the answer in simplest form.
2 3
85  6
10

2 4 Think: 10 is a multiple of 5, so 10 is the LCD.
85 81
0 Write equivalent fractions with a common
3 3
 610  61
0
denominator of 10.
  Subtract the fractions and then the whole
1
210 numbers.

EXAMPLE 2 Life Science Application

The length of a Parsons chameleon’s body is 2312 inches. The
chameleon can extend its tongue 3514 inches. What is the total
length of its body and its tongue?
Add 2312 and 3514.
1 2
232 234 Find a common denominator. Write equivalent
1 1 fractions with the LCD, 4, as the denominator.
You can use mental  354  354
math to find an LCD.
Think: 4 is a multiple
 
3
of 2 and 4.
584 Add the fractions and then the whole numbers.

The total length of the chameleon’s body and tongue is 5834 inches.

GPS M6P3.b, M6P3.c

Think and Discuss
1. Tell what mistake was made when subtracting 212 from 535 gave the
following result: 5 35  212  323. Then find the correct answer.
2. Explain why you first find equivalent fractions when adding 115
and 112.
3. Tell how you know that 512  314 is more than 2.

5-3 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers 239

5-3 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-3
M6P3.a, M6P4.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Find each sum or difference. Write the answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 3 5 3 6 1
1. 71
2
 33 2. 26  28 3. 86  24 4. 67  12

See Example 2 5. Life Science A sea turtle traveled 734 hours in two days. It traveled 312 hours
on the first day. How many hours did it travel on the second day?

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Find each sum or difference. Write the answer in simplest form.
9 2 1 5 9 1 3 1
6. 31
0
 15 7. 26  41
2
8. 51
1
 53 9. 94  32
3 2 2 1 3 5 1 1
10. 61
0
 35 11. 10 3  21
2
12. 144  6 12 13. 191
0
 102

See Example 2 14. School The drama club rehearsed 134 hours Friday and 316 hours Saturday.
How many total hours did the students rehearse?

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
See page 722. 5 2 1 1 9 3 5 2
Extra Practice p. 722 15. 156  183 16. 176  124 17. 2310  209 18. 327  135
11 5 2 2 5 5 9 1
19. 281
2
 89 20. 1211  203 21. 36 8  2412 22. 4811  24
23. Measurement Kyle’s backpack weighs 14270 lb. Kirsten’s backpack
weighs 1214 lb.
a. How much do the backpacks weigh together?
b. How much more does Kyle’s backpack weigh than Kirsten’s backpack?
c. Kyle takes his 314 lb math book out of his backpack. How much does
his backpack weigh now?

Add or subtract. Write each answer as a fraction in simplest form.

2 4 4 1
24. 0.3  5 25. 5  0.9 26. 55  3.2 27. 144  9.5
4 3 1 3
28. 6.3  5 29. 234  10.5 30. 18.9  62 31. 21.8  35
32. A wheelbarrow can hold 5212 lb. Five rocks that weigh 9 58 lb, 1216 lb, 914 lb,
1118 lb, and 1012 lb are to be loaded into the wheelbarrow. Can the
wheelbarrow hold all five rocks? Explain.
33. The route Jo usually takes to work is 425 mi. After heavy rains, when that
road is flooded, she must take a different route that is 4190 mi. How much
longer is Jo’s alternate route?
34. Multi-Step Mr. Hansley used 123 c of flour to make muffins and 412 c to
make bread. If he has 356 c left, how much flour did Mr. Hansley have before
making the muffins and bread?

240 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Evaluate each expression for n = 213. Write your answer in simplest form.
2
35. 23  n 2 
36. 5  13  n 37. n  14
1
38. 5  n
Life Science
6  39  n  
7 4 1 3
39. n  59 40. 41. 23  n 42. 3  24  n
43. Life Science Elephants can communicate through low-frequency
infrasonic rumbles. Such sounds can travel from 18 km to 912 km. Find the
difference between these two distances.

Use the drawing for Exercises 44–47.

44. Sarah is a landscape architect 1 PATH 1 1
designing a garden. Based on her 7 4 yd 7 4 yd 8 4 yd
drawing, how much longer is the
south side of the building than
Research shows the west side?
that elephants hear 1
YARD 12 6 yd
through their feet. 45. Sarah needs to determine how
The feet act as ROOF
drums, sending many azalea bushes she can plant
vibrations through along both sides of the path. What
the bones to the is the sum of the lengths of the two N
2 W E
elephant’s ears. sides of the path? 19 3 yd
S
46. How wide is the path?
47. What’s the Question? The answer is 6332 yd. What is the question?
48. Write About It Explain how you would use the sum of 25 and 13 to find the
sum of 1025 and 613.
49. Challenge Find each missing numerator.
x 2 7 3 x 4
a. 39  49  79 b. 11
0
 92  105

50. Multiple Choice Which expression does NOT have a sum of 6130?
1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3
A 12
0
 54 B 35  31
0
C 35  35 D 42
0
 220
51. Multiple Choice A bumblebee bat is 115 inches in length. A thread snake is 414
inches in length. How much longer is a thread snake than a bumblebee bat?
1 1 1 1
F 34 inches G 35 inches H 31
0
inches J 32
0
inches

Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number. (Lesson 4-4)

52. 0.35 53. 1.5 54. 0.7 55. 1.4

Evaluate each expression for x = 25. Write your answer in simplest form. (Lesson 5-2)
3 5 7 2
56. x  1
0
57. x  1
2
58. 8  x 59. 3  x

5-3 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers 241

 Model Subtraction with
5-4 Regrouping
Use with Lesson 5-4
Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.d, M6P5.a, M6P5.b KEYWORD: MR7 Lab5

Sometimes you need to regroup a mixed number before you can subtract.
To regroup a mixed number, divide one or more of the whole numbers into
fractional parts.

Activity
1 2
1 Find 13  3.

1 Use fraction bars to model the first mixed

1 1
3 number, 13 .

2
The model does not show 3 that can be
1
1 1 1 1 removed. You need to regroup 13.
3 3 3 3
3
1 is equivalent to 3.

1 1 1 1 2 4
3 3 3 3 Now you can subtract 3 from 3.

1 2 4 2 2
13  3 ➞ 3  3  3

1 5
2 Find 16  12.

Use fraction bars to model the first mixed

1 1 1
6 number, 16.
5 1
You need to remove 
12
, so model 1 using
6
1
 fraction bars.
12
5
1 1 The model does not show 
12
 that can be
1 1
12 12 removed. You need to regroup 16.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
1 is equivalent to 
12
.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 14
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Now you can subtract 
12
 from .
12

1 5 14 5 9 3
16  1
2
➞ 1
2
 12  1
2
, or 4

242 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 1 1
3 Find 13  2.
Use fraction bars to model the first mixed
1 1
1 3 number, 13.
1 1
You need to remove 2. Model 13 using one
1 1
size fraction bar that can model 13 and 2.

1
1 1 The model does not show 2 that can be
1 1
6 6 removed. You need to regroup 13.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
1 is equivalent to 6.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Now you can subtract 2 from 6.

1 1 8 3 5
13  2 ➝ 6  6  6

Think and Discuss

1. Tell whether you need to regroup before you subtract 338  118.
2. Tell whether you need to regroup before you subtract 435  1170.

Try This
Give the subtraction expression that is modeled.

1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

1 1 1 1 1 1
2. 5 65 5 5 5 5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3. 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 1
4. 1 4 4 4 4 4

Model each subtraction expression with fraction bars, draw the model,
and find the difference.
3 1 1 3 2 5 1 3
5. 14  18 6. 12  4 7. 16  6 8. 16  4
3 1 1 2 1 5 1 1
9. 28  12 10. 33  13 11. 44  26 12. 36  14

5-4 Hands-On Lab 243

 5-4 Regrouping to Subtract
Mixed Numbers
Learn to regroup mixed Jimmy and his family planted a
numbers to subtract. tree when it was 134 ft tall. Now
the tree is 214 ft tall. How much
has the tree grown since it was
Georgia Performance planted?
Standards
M6N1.d Subtract fractions and The difference in the heights
mixed numbers with unlike can be represented by the
denominators. Also, M6N1.g,
expression 214  134.
M6P1.b, M6P5.b.
You will need to regroup
214 because the fraction
in 134 is greater than 14.
Divide one whole of 214 into
fourths.

1 5
1 24 14
1 1 4
1 5 3 3
Regroup 24 as 14.  14  14
1
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
 
2 1
  
4 2

1 1 1 1 1 The tree has grown 12 ft since it

1 4 4 4 4 4 was planted.

EXAMPLE 1 Regrouping Mixed Numbers

Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
5 7
61
2
 21
2
5 17 5 5 12 5
6 5  Regroup 6  as 5  1  5    .
12 12 12 12 12 12
7 7 Subtract the fractions and then the whole
 2 1
2
 212
 10 5
numbers.
31
2
 36 Write the answer in simplest form.
2 5
73  26
4 10 6 is a multiple of 3, so 6 is a common
76 66
denominator.
5 5 4 4 6 4
 26  26 Regroup 7 6 as 6  16  6  6  6.
 5 Subtract the fractions and then the whole
46 numbers.

244 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 2
84  53
3 15
81
2
712 The LCM of 4 and 3 is 12.
3 3 12 3
8 8 Regroup 812 as 7  1  7    .
 51
2
 51
2
12 12 12
Subtract the fractions and then the whole numbers.
7
21
2
3
8  54
4
8 74
Write 8 as a mixed number with a denominator
3 3 4
 54  54 of 4. Regroup 8 as 7  4.
Subtract the fractions and then the whole numbers.
1
24

EXAMPLE 2 Measurement Application

Dave is re-covering an old couch and cushions. He determines that
he needs 17 yards of fabric for the job.
Dave has 123 yards of fabric. How many more yards does he need?
3 Write 17 as a mixed number with a denominator
17 16 3
3
2 2 of 3. Regroup 17 as 16  3.
 13  13
Subtract the fractions and then the whole numbers.
 1
153

Dave needs another 1513 yards of material.

If Dave uses 956 yards of fabric to cover the couch frame, how
much of the 17 yards will he have left?
6 Write 17 as a mixed number with a denominator
17 166
6
of 6. Regroup 17 as 16  6.
5 5
 96  96
 1
76 Subtract the fractions and then the whole numbers.

1
Dave will have 76 yards of material left.

GPS M6P1.d, M6P3.b

Think and Discuss
1. Explain why you regroup 2 as 188 instead of 133 when you find
2  138.
2. Give an example of a subtraction expression in which you
would need to regroup the first mixed number to subtract.

5-4 Regrouping to Subtract Mixed Numbers 245

5-4 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-4
M6P3.a, M6P3.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 3 2 7 2 2 1 11
1. 22  14 2. 89  29 3. 36  13 4. 74  41
2
See Example 2 5. Mr. Jones purchased a 4-pound bag of flour. He used 125 pounds of flour to
make bread. How many pounds of flour are left?

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
3 10 2 3 3 3 1 5
6. 61
1
 31
1
7. 95  55 8. 41
0
 35 9. 102  28
1 3 5 5 2 3 1
10. 114  98 11. 79  26 12. 6  23 13. 51
0
 32

See Example 2 14. Measurement A standard piece of notebook paper has a length of
11 inches and a width of 812 inches. What is the difference between these
two measures?
15. Chad opened a 10-pound bag of birdseed to refill his feeders. He used
313 pounds to fill them. How many pounds of birdseed were left?

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Find each difference. Write the answer in simplest form.
Extra Practice p. 722 4 1 2 3 1 2
See page 722. 16. 8  67 17. 139  113 18. 104  6 2 19. 13  411
2 3 5 1 1 3 1 4
20. 155  124 21. 179  63 22. 18 4  148 23. 206  79

24. Economics A single share of stock in a company cost $2325 on Monday.

By Tuesday, the cost of a share in the company had fallen to $1915. By how
much did the price of a share fall?
25. Jasmine is 6212 inches tall. Her brother, Antoine, is 6934 inches tall. What is
the difference, in inches, in their heights?

Simplify each expression. Write the answer in simplest form.

2 1 1 5 2 4 7 1 1
26. 43  53  78 27. 129  63  19 28. 78  48  14
4 8 10 1 8 1 2 1 5
29. 71
1
 211  1
1
30. 83  59  82 31. 57  21
4
 814

32. Multi-Step Octavio used a brand new 6-hour tape to record some
television shows. He recorded a movie that is 112 hours long and a cooking
show that is 114 hours long. How much time is left on the tape?

246 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Evaluate each expression for a  623, b  812, and c  134. Write the answer in
simplest form.
33. a  c 34. b  c 35. b  a 36. 10  b
37. b  (a  c) 38. c  (b  a) 39. (a  b)  c 40. (10  c)  a

Use the table for Exercises 41–44.

41. Gustavo is working at a gift wrap center.
He has 2 yd2 of wrapping paper to wrap
a small box. How much wrapping paper Gustavo‘s Gift Wrap Table
will be left after he wraps the gift?
Gift Size Paper Needed (yd2)
42. Gustavo must now wrap two extra-large 11
Small
boxes. If he has 6 yd2 of wrapping paper, 12

how much more wrapping paper will he Medium 1 59

need to wrap the two gifts?
Large 2 23
43. To wrap a large box, Gustavo used
3 yd2 less wrapping paper than the
4
X-large 3 19
amount listed in the table. How many
square yards did he use to wrap the gift?
44. What’s the Error? Gustavo calculated the difference between the amount
needed to wrap an extra-large box and the amount needed to wrap a
medium box to be 249 yd2. Explain his error and find the correct answer.
45. Write About It Explain why you write equivalent fractions before you
regroup them. Explain why you do not regroup them first.
46. Challenge Fill in the box with a mixed number that makes the
inequality true.
1 3
12  8  10 
2 4

47. Multiple Choice Find the difference of 5  49.

5 1 5 1
A 59 B 59 C 49 D 49
48. Gridded Response Tami worked 4 hours on Saturday at the city pool. She
spent 134 hours cleaning the pool and the remaining time working as a lifeguard.
How many hours did Tami spend working as a lifeguard?

Find the missing numbers that make the fractions equivalent. (Lesson 4-5)
1 8 x 3 3 7 7 d
49. 2  a 50. 5  15 51. z  21 52. 8  56

Estimate. (Lesson 4-9)

7 2 1 3 9 1 8 1 3
53. 68  31
5
 72
0
54. 24  81
0
 39 55. 121
5
 26  75

5-4 Regrouping to Subtract Mixed Numbers 247

 5-5 Solving Fraction Equations:
Addition and Subtraction
Learn to solve Sugarcane is the main source of
equations by adding and the sugar we use to sweeten our
subtracting fractions. foods. It grows in tropical areas,
such as Costa Rica and Haiti.

Georgia Performance In one year, the average person

Standards in Costa Rica consumes 2414 lb
M6N1.g Solve problems less sugar than the average
involving fractions. Also, person in the United States
M6N1.d, M6A3, M6P4.c.
consumes. This painting depicts the landscape of Haiti, a tropical area
where sugarcane grows.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Equations by Adding and Subtracting

Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.
2
x  63  11
2
x  63  11
2 2 2
 63  63 Subtract 6 3 from both sides to undo the
  addition.
3 2 3
x  103  63 Regroup 11 as 10 3.
1
x  43 Subtract.

1 1
24  x  32
1 1
24  x  32
1 1 1
 32  32 Add 32 to both sides to undo the subtraction.

1 2 1 2
24  34  x Find a common denominator. 32  34
3
54  x Add.

3 7
55  m  10
3 7
55  m  10
7 7 7

10

10
Subtract   from both sides to undo the
10
addition.
6 7 3 6
51
0
 1
0
m Find a common denominator. 55  5
10

16 7 6 10 6
41
0
 1
0
m Regroup 5  as 4  
10
  .
10 10
9
41
0
m Subtract.

248 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.
1 3
w  2  24
1 3
w  2  24
1 1 1
2 2 Add 2 to both sides to undo the subtraction.

3 1
w  24  2
3 2 1 2
w  24  4 Find a common denominator. 2  4
5
w  24 Add.
1 5 1
w  34 2  2  14
4

EXAMPLE 2 Social Studies Application

On average, a person in Costa Rica
consumes 13214 lb of sugar per year.
If the average person in Costa Rica
consumes 2414 lb less than the average
person in the U.S., what is the average
sugar consumption per year by a person
in the U.S.?
1 1
Costa Rica u  244  1324 Let u represent the
average amount of sugar consumed in the U.S.
1 1 1
244 244 Add 24 4 to both sides to undo the subtraction.

2 1
u  1564  1562 Simplify.

Check
1 1
u  244  1324
1 1 ? 1 1
1562  244  1324 Substitute 156 2 for u.
2 1 ? 1
1564  244  1324 Find a common denominator.
1 ? 1 1
1324  1324 ✔ 156 2 is the solution.

On average, a person in the U.S. consumes 156 12 lb of sugar per year.

GPS M6P1.d
Think and Discuss
1. Explain how regrouping a mixed number when subtracting is
similar to regrouping when subtracting whole numbers.
2. Give an example of an addition equation with a solution that is
a fraction between 3 and 4.

5-5 Solving Fraction Equations: Addition and Subtraction 249

5-5 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-5
M6P1.b, M6P3.a
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.
1 1 1 3 1
1. x  22  7 2. 33  x  59 3. 94  x  48
1 3 2 1 7 1
4. x  15  51
0
5. 35  x  72 6. 81
0
 x  44

See Example 2 7. A tailor increased the length of a robe by 214 inches. The new length of the robe
is 60 inches. What was the original length?

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.
3 1 3 1 3
8. x  44  11
2
9. x  58  9 10. 32  11
0
x
2 1 3 1 7
11. 43  x  6 12. 64  x  98 13. x  39  5

See Example 2 14. Robert is taking a movie-making class in school. He edited his short video and
cut 325 minutes. The new length of the video is 12110 minutes. How long was his
video before he cut it?
15. An extension for a table increased its length by 212 feet. The new length of the
table is 834 feet. What was the original length?

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Find the solution to each equation. Check your answers.
See page 722. 2 2 7 2 5
Extra Practice p. 722 16. y  84  10 17. p  15  31
0
18. 63  n  76
3 3 1 1 23 5
19. 55  s  21
0
20. k  84  13 21. 2
4
 c  8

22. The difference between Cristina’s and Erin’s heights is 12 foot. Erin’s height is
414 feet, and she is shorter than Cristina. How tall is Cristina?
23. Measurement Lori used 258 ounces of shampoo to wash her dog. When
she was finished, the bottle contained 1338 ounces of shampoo. How many
ounces of shampoo were in the bottle before Lori washed her dog?
24. Sports Jack decreased his best time in the 400-meter race by 1130 seconds.
His new best time is 5235 seconds. What was Jack’s old time in the 400-meter
race?
25. Crafts Juan makes bracelets to sell at 11 in.
his mother’s gift shop. He alternates 16
between green and blue beads.
What is the length of the
green bead? 5 in.
16

250 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Find the solution to each equation. Check your answers.
3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
26. m  4  68  14 27. 39  13  p  52 28. q  44  16  12
1 1 1 2 1 1 7 1
29. a  54  22  136 30. 117  w  32  17 31. 9  58  x  18

32. Music A string quartet is Antonio Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons

performing Antonio Vivaldi’s
The Four Seasons. The concert is “Spring”
scheduled to last 45 minutes.
“Summer”
a. After playing “Spring,”
“Summer,” and “Autumn,” how “Autumn”
much time will be left in the
concert? “Winter”
b. Is the concert long enough
= 1 minute
to play the four movements
and another piece that is
612 minutes long? Explain.
33. Write a Problem Use the pictograph to write a subtraction problem with
two mixed numbers.
34. Choose a Strategy How can you draw a line that is 5 inches long using
only one sheet of 812 in.  11 in. notebook paper?
35. Write About It Explain how you know whether to add a number to or
subtract a number from both sides of an equation in order to solve the
equation.
36. Challenge Use the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 to write a subtraction problem
with two mixed numbers that have a difference of 42103.

37. Multiple Choice Solve 412  x  616 for x.

1 2 1 2
A x  14 B x  13 C x  24 D x  23
38. Multiple Choice Ambra’s hair was 723 inches long. After she got her hair cut,
the length of her hair was 545 inches. How many inches of hair were cut?
13 2 2 13
F 11
5
G 25 H 23 J 21
5

Find the least common multiple (LCM). (Lesson 5-1)

39. 4 and 12 40. 7, 14, and 21 41. 6, 9, and 24

Evaluate. Write each answer as a fraction in simplest form. (Lesson 5-3)

3 3 1 1
42. 2.5  58 43. 3.1  24 44. 155  8.2 45. 66  1.4

5-5 Solving Fraction Equations: Addition and Subtraction 251

 Quiz for Lessons 5-1 Through 5-5
5-1 Least Common Multiple
1. Markers are sold in packs of 8, and crayons are sold in packs of 16. If there are
32 students in Mrs. Reading’s art class, what is the least number of packs
needed so that each student can have one marker and one crayon and none
will be left over?
2. Cans of soup are sold in packs of 24, and packets of crackers are sold in groups
of 4. If there are 120 people to be fed and each will get one can of soup and one
packet of crackers, what is the least number of packs needed to feed everyone
such that no crackers or soup are left over?
Find the least common multiple (LCM).
3. 4 and 6 4. 2 and 15 5. 3, 5, and 9 6. 4, 6, and 10
Ready to Go On?

5-2 Adding and Subtracting with Unlike Denominators

Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
5 3 7 1 8 1 1 1
7. 7  14 8. 8  24 9. 9  10 10. 6  2

11. Alexia needs to add 23 cup of sugar for the recipe she is making. She has
added 12 cup already. How much more sugar does she need to add?

5-3 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers

Find each sum or difference. Write each answer in simplest form.
9 1 5 4 8 1 4 1
12. 21
3
 126 13. 91
0
 115 14. 79  11
8
15. 25  11
0

5-4 Regrouping to Subtract Mixed Numbers

Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 7 3 4 1 2
16. 21
3
 126 17. 73  59 18. 31
0
 15 19. 102  53

20. Mary Ann buys 425 pounds of bananas. She uses 112 pounds making
banana bread. How many pounds of bananas does she have left?

5-5 Solving Fraction Equations: Addition and Subtraction

Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.
5 1 7 1 9 3 7
21. t  28  9 22. 56  x  8 23. g  4  210 24. a  5  11
0
25. Bryn bought 518 yards of material. She used 379 yards to make a dress.
How much material does she have left?

252 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Solve
Choose the operation: multiplication or division
Read the whole problem before you try to solve it. Determine what
action is taking place in the problem. Then decide whether you
need to multiply or divide in order to solve the problem.
If you are asked to combine equal groups, you need to multiply.
If you are asked to share something equally or to separate
something into equal groups, you need to divide.

Action Operation

Combining equal groups Multiplication

Sharing things equally or Division

separating into equal groups

Read each problem, and determine the action taking place. Choose
an operation to solve the problem. Then solve, and write the answer
in simplest form.

1 Jason picked 30 cups of raspberries. He 4 Clay wants to double a recipe for

put them in giant freezer bags with blueberry muffins that calls for 1 cup of
5 cups in each bag. How many bags does blueberries. How many blueberries will
he have? he need?

2 When the cranberry flowers start to open

in June, cranberry growers usually bring
in about 212 beehives per acre of
cranberries to pollinate the flowers. A
grower has 36 acres of cranberries. About
how many beehives does she need?

3 A recipe that makes 3 cranberry banana

loaves calls for 4 cups of cranberries.
Linh wants to make only 1 loaf. How
many cups of cranberries does she need?

Focus on Problem Solving 253

 5-6 Multiplying Fractions by
Whole Numbers
Learn to multiply Recall that multiplication by a whole number can be represented as
fractions by whole repeated addition. For example, 4  5  5  5  5  5. You can
numbers. multiply a whole number by a fraction using the same method.

Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.g Solve problems
involving fractions. Also,   
M6N1.e, M6A3, M6P1.b.

There is another way to multiply with fractions. Remember that a

whole number can be written as an improper fraction with 1 in the
denominator. So 3  31.

      
3 1 3 1 3 Multiply numerators.
1 4 14 4 Multiply denominators.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
Method 1: Use repeated addition.
1
5  8
1 1 1 1 1 1
5  8  8  8  8  8  8 1
Write 5  8 as addition. Add the
5 numerators.
 8

1
3  9
1 1 1 1
3  9  9  9  9 1
Write 3  9 as addition. Add the numerators.
3
 9
1
 3 Write your answer in simplest form.

Method 2: Multiply.
7
4  8
4 7 28
     Multiply.
1 8 8
7 1
 2 or 32 Write your answer in simplest form.

254 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 EXAMPLE 2 Evaluating Fraction Expressions
Evaluate 6x for each value of x. Write each answer in simplest
form.
1 2
x  8 x  3
6x Write the 6x Write the
expression. expression.
1 2
6  8 Substitute 1
8 for x. 6  3 Substitute 2
3 for x.
6 1 6 6 2 12
     Multiply.      Multiply.
1 8 8 1 3 3
3 4
 4 Write your answer in  1
simplest form. 4

Sometimes the denominator of an improper fraction will divide into

the numerator without a remainder, as in Example 2B. When this
12

3 means 12  3. happens, the improper fraction is equivalent to a whole number, not
a mixed number.
12
  4
3

EXAMPLE 3 Social Studies Application

Any proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution must be
ratified, or approved, by 34 of the states. When the 13th
Amendment abolishing slavery was proposed in 1865, there were
36 states. How many states needed to ratify this amendment in
order for it to pass?
To find 34 of 36, multiply.
3 3 36
  36    
4 4 1
108
 4
Divide 108 by 4 and write your answer
 27 in simplest form.

For the 13th Amendment to pass, 27 states had to ratify it.

GPS M6P2.c, M6P5.c

Think and Discuss
1
1. Describe a model you could use to show the product of 4  5.
2. Choose the expression that is correctly multiplied.
2  37  67 2  37  164
5
3. Explain how you know without actually multiplying that 8  16 is
greater than 8.

5-6 Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers 255

5-6 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-6
M6P3.a, M6P4.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 4
1. 8  9 2. 2  5 3. 12  4 4. 7  9
1 2 3 1
5. 3  7 6. 4  11 7. 8  4 8. 18  3

See Example 2 Evaluate 12x for each value of x. Write each answer in simplest form.
2 1 3 5
9. x  3 10. x  2 11. x  4 12. x  6

See Example 3 13. The school Community Service Club has 45 members. Of these 45 members,
3 are boys. How many boys are members of the Community Service Club?
5

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 2
14. 4  10 15. 6  8 16. 3  12 17. 2  5
10 3 2 1
18. 6  1
1
19. 2  11 20. 15  15 21. 20  2

See Example 2 Evaluate 8x for each value of x. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 3 1 1
22. x  2 23. x  4 24. x  8 25. x  4
2 5 7 4
26. x  5 27. x  7 28. x  8 29. x  9

See Example 3 30. School Kiesha spent 120 minutes completing her homework last night. Of
those minutes, 16 were spent on Spanish. How many minutes did Kiesha
spend on her Spanish homework?

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Evaluate each expression. Write each answer in simplest form.
See page 722. 7 1 5
Extra Practice p. 722 31. 12b for b  1
2
32. 20m for m  2
0
33. 33z for z  11
2 1 3
34. 3 y for y  18 35. 4 x for x  20 36. 5 a for a  30
4 3 9
37. 5c for c  12 38. 14x for x  8 39. 10n for n  50

Compare. Write , , or .
1 1 2 8 2
40. 9  16 
2
41. 15  5 5 42. 13 4  13
2 2 4 11 3
43. 3  9 
3
44. 6  15 
24
45. 5 12  4
1 1 3 3 5 2
46. 3  7 3  5 47. 7  4 6  7 48. 2  6 6  5

49. Denise spent $55 shopping. Of that $55, she spent 35 on a pair of shoes. How
much money did Denise spend on the pair of shoes?

256 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Life Science
The General Sherman, a giant sequoia tree in California’s
Sequoia National Park, is one of the largest trees in the
world at 275 ft tall.
California also has some of the nation’s tallest grand firs,
ponderosa pines, and sugar pines. The table shows how
the heights of these trees compare with the height of the
General Sherman. For example, the grand fir is 2235 the
height of the General Sherman.
50. Find the heights of the trees in the table. Write your
answers in simplest form.
51. The world’s tallest bluegum eucalyptus tree is 35 the
height of the General Sherman tree. How tall is this
bluegum eucalyptus?
52. What’s the Question? Joshua trees can grow to
be 40 ft tall. The answer is 585. What is the question?
53. Write About It Find 15 the height of the Tree Heights Compared with
General Sherman. Then divide the height of the the General Sherman
General Sherman by 5. What do you notice? Why Tallest Grand Fir 23

does this make sense? 25
Tallest Ponderosa Pine 41

54. Challenge The world’s tallest incense cedar 50
tree is 152 ft tall. What is 15 of 12 of 14 of 152? Tallest Sugar Pine 21

25
Source: The Top 10 of Everything 2000

55. Multiple Choice A recipe uses 13 cup of sugar. Daniela doubled the recipe.
How much sugar did she use?
1 1 2 3
A  cup B  cup C  cup D  cup
4 3 3 4
56. Extended Response Mario bought 51 pound of turkey. Rose bought four times
as much turkey as Mario. And Celia bought 2 times as much as Rose. How many
pounds of turkey did Rose buy? How many pounds did Celia buy? How much
more did Celia buy than Mario? Show your work.

Write each phrase as a numerical or algebraic expression. (Lesson 2-2)

57. w less than 75 58. the product of n and 16 59. the quotient of p and 7

Subtract. Write each answer in simplest form. (Lesson 5-4)

2 5 4 6 7 1 5 1
60. 53  46 61. 127  37 62. 91
2
 23 63. 118  54

5-6 Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers 257

 Model Fraction
5-7 Multiplication
Use with Lessons 5-7 and 5-8

KEYWORD: MR7 Lab5

You can use grids to help you understand fraction multiplication.
Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.e, M6N1.g, M6P5.b
Activity 1
1 Think of 12  13 as 12 of 13.
Shade 13 of a square. Divide the square into halves.

Look at 12 of the part you shaded.

What fraction of the whole is this? 1 of 13 is 16.
2

2 Think of 23  12 as 23 of 12.

Shade 12 of a square. Divide the square into thirds. 2
3 of 12 is 26, or 13.

Think and Discuss

1. Tell whether the product is greater than or less than the fractions you
started with.

Try This
Write the multiplication expression modeled on each grid.
1. 2. 3.

258 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Use a grid to model each multiplication expression.
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3
4. 3  2 5. 3  3 6. 4  3 7. 3  4

You can also use grids to model multiplication of mixed numbers.

Activity 2
Think of 12  212 as 12 of 212.

Shade 212 squares. Divide the squares into halves.

Look at 12 of the part you shaded.

What fraction of the model is this?

1 of 212 is 54, or 114.

2

Think and Discuss

1. Describe how modeling multiplication of mixed numbers is like modeling
multiplication of fractions.

Try This
Write the multiplication expression modeled on each grid.
1. 2.

3.

Use a grid to model each multiplication expression.

1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3
4. 3  12 5. 3  23 6. 4  23 7. 3  14
3 1 1 1 2 3 1 1
8. 4  13 9. 2  33 10. 3  14 11. 4  22

5-7 Hands-On Lab 259

 5-7 Multiplying Fractions

Learn to multiply On average, people spend 13 of

fractions. their lives asleep. About 14 of the
time they sleep, they dream. What
fraction of a lifetime does a person
Georgia Performance typically spend dreaming?
Standards
M6N1.e Multiply fractions. Also, One way to find 14 of 13 is to
M6N1.g, M6A3, M6P5.c. make a model.
Find 14 of 13.

Your brain keeps working even when you’re asleep.

It makes sure that you keep breathing and that
1 1 1
  12
4 3
your heart keeps beating.

You can also multiply fractions without making a model.

1 1 11 Multiply the numerators.
    
4 3 43 Multiply the denominators.
1
 12 The answer is in simplest form.

A person typically spends 112 of his or her lifetime dreaming.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying Fractions

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 3
  
3 5
1 3 13
     Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
3 5 35
3
 15 The GCF of 3 and 15 is 3.
1
 5 The answer is in simplest form.

6 2
  
7 3
2

6 2 2 2

7      

3 7 1
Use the GCF to simplify the fractions before
1 multiplying. The GCF of 6 and 3 is 3.
22
 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
71
4
 7 The answer is in simplest form.

260 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
3 2
  
8 9
    
3 2 3 2
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
8 9 89
6
 7
2
The GCF of 6 and 72 is 6.
1
 1
2
The answer is in simplest form.

EXAMPLE 2 Evaluating Fraction Expressions

Evaluate the expression a  1
3 for each value of a. Write the answer
in simplest form.
5 1
a  8 a  3
5 1
   Substitute 85 for a.
8 3
51
 Multiply.
83
5
 The answer is in simplest form.
24

9 1
You can look for a a  10 a  3
common factor in a
9 1
numerator and a     Substitute 9
10 for a.
denominator to 10 3
determine whether 3
9 1
you can simplify 
10  

3
Use the GCF to simplify.
before multiplying. 1
31
 Multiply.
10  1
3
 The answer is in simplest form.
10

3 1
a  4 a  3
3 1
   Substitute 3
4 for a.
4 3
31
 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
43
3
 The GCF of 3 and 12 is 3.
12
1
 The answer is in simplest form.
4

GPS M6P1.c, M6P2.c

Think and Discuss
1. Determine whether the product of two proper fractions is greater
than or less than each factor.
2. Name the missing denominator in the equation 1  23  221.
3. Tell how to find the product of 241  160 in two different ways.

5-7 Multiplying Fractions 261

5-7 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-7
M6P3.a, M6P4.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 2 1 4 3 5 3
1. 2  3 2. 5  4 3. 7  4 4. 6  5

1
See Example 2 Evaluate the expression b  5 for each value of b. Write the answer in
simplest form.
2 5 1 3
5. b  3 6. b  8 7. b  4 8. b  5

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 2 1 1 5 2 1 6
9. 3  7 10. 3  5 11. 6  3 12. 3  7
3 5 7 3 1 10 3 3
13. 10  6 14. 9  5 15. 2  1
1
16. 5  4

1
See Example 2 Evaluate the expression x  6 for each value of x. Write the answer in
simplest form.
4 6 3 5
17. x  5 18. x  7 19. x  4 20. x  6
8 9 5 3
21. x  9 22. x  10 23. x  8 24. x  8

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Find each product. Simplify the answer.
See page 723. 3 4 5 9 2 2 5 2 1
Extra Practice p. 723 25. 5  9 26. 12  10 27. 5  7  8 28. 7  8
6 9 4 2 1 2 9 1 3
29. 7  1
0
30. 9  3 31. 2  5  1
1
32. 12  7

33. A walnut muffin recipe calls for 34 cup walnuts. Mrs. Hooper wants to make
1
 of the recipe. What fraction of a cup of walnuts will she need?
3

34. Jim spent 56 of an hour doing chores. He spent 25 of that time washing dishes.
What fraction of an hour did he spend washing dishes?

Compare. Write , , or .
2 1 1 3 3 3 1 9 5 2 1 2
35. 3  4   
3 4
36. 5  4    
2 10
37. 6  3   
3 3
5 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 10 16
38. 8  4   
9 7
39. 5  10   
5 5
40. 2  5   
20 20
41. A multiplying number machine uses a rule to
change one fraction into another fraction. The
machine changed 12 into 18, 15 into 210, and 57 into 258 .
a. What is the rule?
b. Into what fraction will the machine change 13?

262 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 42. Alex exercised for 34 hour. He lifted weights for 15 of that time. What fraction
of an hour did he spend lifting weights?
Life Science 43. Life Science A bat can eat half its weight in insects in one night. If a bat
weighing 34 lb eats half its weight in insects, how much do the insects weigh?
44. Multi-Step The number of American bison has steadily declined throughout
the years. Once, 20 million bison roamed the United States. Now, there are
only 810 of that number of bison. Of those, only 8
125 roam in the wild. The

number of American bison currently roaming in the wild is what fraction of
20 million? How many bison is that?

There are about 45. The seating plan shows Oak School’s
1,000 species of theater. The front section has 34 of S TA G E
bats in the world. the seats, and the rear section has 14 of
Bats make up
about 14 of the the seats. The school has reserved 12 of the
world’s mammals. seats in the front section for students.
What fraction of the seating is reserved F R ON T
3
for students? 4 S E C T I ON

KEYWORD: MR7 Bats 46. Write a Problem Use the seating plan
to write a problem in which you need to
multiply two fractions. Then solve the 1 REAR
4 S E C T I ON
problem.
47. Write About It Explain how you can
use the GCF before multiplying so that
the product of two fractions is in simplest form.
48. Challenge Evaluate the expression. Then simplify your answer.
(2 + 6) 1
    6
5 4

49. Multiple Choice Which shows the product of 45 and 35 in simplest form?
2 1 3 12
A 15 B 13 C 
5
D 
25
50. Multiple Choice Julie spent 13 of her birthday money on new clothes. She
spent 130 of that money on shoes. What fraction of her birthday money did Julie
spend on shoes?
1 1 2 3
F  G  H  J 
30 10 15 13

Solve each equation. (Lesson 2-7)

51. 15n  45 52. 7t  147 53. 6a  78 54. 12b  216

Find each sum or difference. (Lesson 5-2)

1 1 11 5 2 6 1 3 1
55. 9  3 56. 1
2
 6 57. 7  21 58. 5  10  1
5

5-7 Multiplying Fractions 263

 5-8 Multiplying
Mixed Numbers
Learn to multiply Janice and Carlos are making
mixed numbers. homemade pasta from a recipe that
calls for 112 cups of flour. They want
to make 13 of the recipe.
Georgia Performance
Standards You can find 13 of 112, or multiply
1 1
M6N1.e Multiply fractions and  by 1, to find how much flour
3 2
mixed numbers. Also, M6N1.g. Janice and Carlos need.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1
  1
3 2
1 3 1 1 3
To write a mixed    Write 12 as an improper fraction. 12  2
3 2
number as an
13
improper fraction,   Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
32
start with the
3
denominator, 
6
multiply by the whole
1
number, and add the  Write the answer in simplest form.
2
numerator. Use the
same denominator. 1 2
15  3
1 151
15    6 6 2 1 1 6
5 5    Write 15 as an improper fraction. 15  5
5 3
62
 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
53
12

15
4
 Write the answer in simplest form.
5
3 1
  2
4 3
3 7 1 1 7
   Write 23 as an improper fraction. 23  3
4 3
1
 7
3
 Use the GCF to simplify before multiplying.

4 3
1
17

41
7 3
  1 You can write the answer as a mixed number.
4 4

264 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

EXAMPLE 2 Multiplying Mixed Numbers
Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form.
1 1
22  13
5 4 Write the mixed numbers as improper
   1 5 1 4
2 3 fractions. 22  2 13  3
54
 Multiply numerators.
23
20 Multiply denominators.

6
2 Write the improper fraction as a mixed
36
number.
1
33 Simplify.

1 1
14  13
5 4 Write the mixed numbers as improper
   1 5 1 4
4 3 fractions. 14  4 13  3
1

5 4
 Use the GCF to simplify before multiplying.
 3
4
1
51
 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
13
5

3
2
13 Write the answer as a mixed number.

2
5  31
1
2
5  31
1

 
2
5  3  11

 
2
(5  3)  5  11 Use the Distributive Property.

(5  3)  1  11
5 2

10
15  1
1
Multiply.
10
151
1
Add.

GPS M6P2.c, M6P3.b

Think and Discuss
1. Tell how you multiply a mixed number by a mixed number.
2. Explain two ways you would multiply a mixed number by a
whole number.
3. Tell how multiplying mixed numbers is similar to multiplying
fractions.

5-8 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 265

5-8 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-8
M6P1.b, M6P3.a
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 2 2 1 3 5
1. 14  3 2. 23  4 3. 7  16
1 6 2 3 6 2
4. 13  7 5. 3  11
0 17
6. 21 

See Example 2 Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form.
5 1 2 1 3
7. 16  18 8. 25  112 9. 4  57
3 5 3 1 1 1
10. 24  16 11. 28  55 12. 102  14

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 3 4 1 1 2 1 3
13. 14  4 14. 7  14 15. 16  5 16. 26  7
5 9 2 3 3 5 3 2
17. 9  11
0
18. 29  5 07
19. 11  20. 4  15

See Example 2 Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form.
1 5 2 3 7 1
21. 13  17 22. 13  210 23. 4  38 24. 6  23
7 2 5 1 2 5 3
25. 5  410 26. 23  38 27. 12  25 28. 36  24

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Write each product in simplest form.
See page 723. 2 2 1 7 5 8 3
Extra Practice p. 723 29. 13  9 30. 33  1
0
31. 2  8 1  10
32. 21 
3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2
33. 8  9 2 5
34. 21 1 0 6
35. 31 4 36. 24  19
4 2 5 9 2 7 1 2 5
37. 2  5  13 38. 36  1
0 3
4 39. 18  23  4 40. 17  3  28

41. Multi-Step Jared used 152 bags of soil for his garden. He is digging another
garden that will need 51 as much soil as the original. How much will he use total?
42. Milo is making 112 batches of muffins. If one batch calls for 134 cups flour, how
much flour will he need?
43. Critical Thinking Is the product of two mixed numbers always greater
than 1? Explain.

Evaluate each expression.

1 2 5 5 3 1
44. 2  c for c  45 45. 17  x for x  6 46. 14  b for b  17
5 5 3 1
47. 19  n for n  18 48. 29  t for t  4 49. 34  p for p  2
4 2 5 3 1
50. 5  m for m  23 51. 6y for y  38 52. 25  c for c  15

266 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Computer Science
In a survey, 240 people were asked how many hours
per week they spend using the Internet. The circle
graph shows which fractions of the people use the
Internet for which amounts of time.

Use the graph for Exercises 54–58.

53. How many people in all were surveyed?
54. Find the number of people who said they use the
Internet for 12 hours to 24 hours a week. Using the Internet
More than 36 hr 12 hr to 24 hr
55. Toni’s grandfather uses the Internet for 112 hours
each day.
1
a. How many hours does he use the Internet in 1 3
one week? (Write the answer as a mixed number.) 4
b. If Toni’s grandfather were included in the survey, in which 3
time section of the circle graph would his data be? 8

56. Choose a Strategy Which set of tallies could Less than 12 hr 25 hr to 36 hr

1
represent the number of people who use the Internet for
24
fewer than 12 hours a week?
A llll llll B llll llll ll C llll llll llll llll D llll llll llll llll llll
57. Write About It Explain how you can find the number of people
surveyed who use the Internet for more than 36 hours a week.
58. Challenge Five-sixths of the people who use the Internet for
25 hours to 36 hours said they use it for 30 hours each week. Find
the number of people who use the Internet for 30 hours each week. KEYWORD: MR7 Internet

59. Multiple Choice A chef uses 214 cups of water for a recipe. The chef doubled
the recipe. How much water did the chef use?
A 4 cups B 414 cups C 412 cups D 434 cups
60. Gridded Response Keith ate 13 pound of grapes last week. Jamal ate five times
as many grapes as Keith last week. How many pounds of grapes did Jamal eat?

Write each number in scientific notation. (Lesson 3-4)

61. 540 62. 1,400 63. 54,000 64. 508,000,000

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form. (Lesson 5-6)

1 1 2 5
65. 5  1
0
66. 21  3 67. 7  14 68. 12  2

5-8 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 267

 Model Fraction Division
5-9
Use with Lesson 5-9
Georgia Performance
Standards
M6N1.e, M6N1.g, M6P5.b KEYWORD: MR7 Lab5
You can use grids to help you understand division of fractions.

Activity 1
Find 412  3.
1 1
Think of 42  3 as dividing 42 into
3 equal groups.
1
Shade 42 squares.

Divide the shaded parts into

3 equal groups.

Look at one of the shaded groups.

What fraction is this?

412  3  112

Think and Discuss

1. Explain how you know the number of groups into which you must divide
the squares.

Try This
Write the division expression modeled on each grid.
1.
1

Draw a model for each division expression. Then find the value of the
expression.
1 3 2 1
2. 93  4 3. 34  5 4. 43  2 5. 45  3

Activity 2
1 Find 223  23.

2
Shade 23 squares.

268 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Divide the shaded squares and shaded thirds
2
into equal groups of 3.
2 2
There are 4 groups of 3 in 23.

223  23  4

3 3
2 To find 3  4, think, “How many groups of 4 are
in 3?”

Shade 3 squares. Then divide the squares into

3
fourths because the denominator of 4 is 4.

Divide the shaded squares into equal groups

3
of 4.
3
There are 4 groups of 4 in 3.

3  34  4

Think and Discuss

1. Explain what prediction you can make about the value of 6  34 if you
know that 3  34 is 4.

Try This
Write the division expression modeled by each grid.

1.

1

2.

1

Draw a model for each division expression. Then find the value of the
expression.
1 3 3 1 2 2 2
3. 4  13 4. 34  4 5. 53  3 6. 63  13

5-9 Hands-On Lab 269

 5-9 Dividing Fractions and
Mixed Numbers
Learn to divide Curtis is making sushi rolls. First, he will
fractions and mixed place a sheet of seaweed, called nori, on
numbers. the sushi rolling mat. Then, he will use
the mat to roll up rice, cucumber,
Vocabulary avocado, and crabmeat. Finally, he will
reciprocal slice the roll into smaller pieces.
Curtis has 2 cups of rice and will use
1 cup for each sushi roll. How many
3
Georgia Performance sushi rolls can he make?
Standards
M6N1.e Divide fractions and Think: How many 31 pieces equal 2 wholes?
mixed numbers. Also, M6N1.g,
M6P5.c. There are six 13 pieces in 2 wholes.
Curtis can make 6 sushi rolls.
Reciprocals can help you divide by 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
fractions. Two numbers are reciprocals 3 3 3 3 3 3
if their product is 1.

EXAMPLE 1 Finding Reciprocals

Find the reciprocal.
1

5
1 1
  1 Think: 5 of what number is 1?
5
1 1 5
  5  1  of  is 1.
5 5 1
1
The reciprocal of 5 is 5.

3

4
3 3
  1 Think: 4 of what number is 1?
4
3 4 12 3 4
       1  of  is 1.
4 3 12 4 3
3 4
The reciprocal of 4 is 3.

1
23
7 1 7
  1 Write 23 as 3.
3
7 3 21 7 3
      1  of  is 1.
3 7 21 3 7
7 3
The reciprocal of 3 is 7.

270 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Look at the relationship between the fractions 34 and 43. If you switch
the numerator and denominator of a fraction, you will find its
reciprocal. Dividing by a number is the same as multiplying by its
reciprocal.
1
24  4  6 24  4  6

EXAMPLE 2 Using Reciprocals to Divide Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.
4
  5
5
4 4 1
  5     Rewrite as multiplication using the reciprocal
5 5 5 1
of 5, 5.
41
 Multiply by the reciprocal.
55
4
 25 The answer is in simplest form.

3 1
  
4 2
3 1 3 2
       Rewrite as multiplication using the reciprocal
4 2 4 1 1 2
of 2, 1.
1
32

 Simplify before multiplying.
1
4
2
3
 2 Multiply.
1
 12 You can write the answer as a mixed number.

2 1
23  16
2 1 8 7
23  16  3  6 Write the mixed numbers as improper
2 8 1 7
fractions. 23 = 3 and 16 = 6
8 6
 3  7 Rewrite as multiplication.
2
86

 Simplify before multiplying.
37

1
16
 7 Multiply.
2
 27 You can write the answer as a mixed number.

GPS M6P1.d, M6P3.b

Think and Discuss
1. Explain how you can use mental math to find the value of n in the
equation 58  n  1.
2. Explain how to find the reciprocal of 3161 .

5-9 Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers 271

5-9 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-9
M6P3.a, M6P3.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Find the reciprocal.
2 5 1 3 3
1. 7 2. 9 3. 9 4. 11 5. 25

See Example 2 Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

5 1 1 5 5 3
6. 6  3 7. 27  14 8. 12  5 9. 18  4
2 1 3 2 4 1 7
10. 3  6 11. 10  13 12. 7  17 13. 4  8

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Find the reciprocal.
7 1 3 11 5
14. 8 15. 10 16. 8 17. 1
2
18. 28
8 5 6 2 1
19. 11 20. 6 21. 7 22. 9 23. 54

See Example 2 Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

7 3 3 8 3
24. 8  4 25. 28  14 26. 9  12 27. 9  4
5 5 9 4 5 1 2
28. 36  19 29. 10  3 30. 25  17 31. 35  17
5 1 1 1 7 5 1
32. 8  2 33. 12  24 34. 12  28 35. 8  5

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Multiply or divide. Write each answer in simplest form.
See page 723. 3 1 4 6 3 5
Extra Practice p. 723 36. 24  25 37. 45  27 38. 8  1
2
7 1 9 1
39. 6  9 40. 37  5 41. 14  6

42. At Lina’s restaurant, one serving of chili is 121 cups. The chef makes 48 cups of
chili each night. How many servings of chili are in 48 cups?
43. Rhula bought 12 lb of raisins. She packed them into freezer bags so that
each bag weighs 34 lb. How many freezer bags did she pack?

Decide whether the fractions in each pair are reciprocals. If not, write the
reciprocal of each fraction.
1 3 16 7 21 5 12
44. 2, 2 45. 8, 6 46. 9, 2
7
47. 6, 1
0
1 2 2 4 3 1 5
48. 12, 3 49. 5, 2
5
50. 7, 23 51. 5, 1

52. Lisa had some wood that was 1212 feet long. She cut it into 5 pieces that are
equal in length. How long is each piece of wood?
53. Critical Thinking How can you recognize the reciprocal of a fraction?

272 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Multiply or divide. Write each answer in simplest form.
11 9 1 3 2 1 3 2
2  10
54. 1   1
4
55. 24  13 5 56. 12  4  5
3 5
1
57. 4  7  2  2

58. 43  6  5
3
 1

59. 55  35  23
2 1

Life Science The bar graph shows the lengths of some species of snakes
found in the United States. Use the bar graph for Exercises 60–62.

Lengths of Snakes

Eastern 20
1
garter snake 3
Snakes

Diamondback 2
29 3
water snake
2
Western 22 3
ribbon snake
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Length (in.)

60. Is the length of the eastern garter snake greater than or less than 12 yd? Explain.
61. What is the average length of all the snakes?
62. Jim measured the length of a rough green snake. It was 2713 in. long. What
would the average length of the snakes be if Jim’s measure of a rough green
snake were added?
63. What’s the Error? A student said the reciprocal of 623 is 632. Explain the
error. Then write the correct reciprocal.
64. Write About It Explain how to divide fractions to find 34  213.
(6  3) 1
65. Challenge Evaluate the expression 4  8  5.

66. Multiple Choice A piece of wood was 12 feet long. Gene cut the wood into
pieces 23 foot long. How many pieces did Gene have?
A 4 B 8 C 16 D 18
67. Multiple Choice Which product is NOT equal to 1?
2 3 1 1 9 2 13
F    G 8  8 H     J   
3 2 9 3 13 2

Find the number of decimal places in each product. Then multiply. (Lesson 3-5)
68. 2.4  1.8 69. 19  0.5 70. 7.04  2.3 71. 0.4  0.1

Find each product. (Lesson 5-8)

2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
72. 23  8 73. 4  32 74. 14  15 75. 25  23

5-9 Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers 273

 5-10 Solving Fraction Equations:
Multiplication and Division
Learn to solve Josef is building a fish pond
equations by multiplying for koi in his backyard. He
and dividing fractions. makes the width of the pond
2 of the length. The width of
3
the pond is 14 feet. You can
Georgia Performance use the equation 23  14 to
Standards
M6N1.g Solve problems
find the length of the pond.
involving fractions. Also,
M6N1.e, M6A3, M6P1.c, M6P1.d.
Small koi in a backyard pond usually grow 2 to 4 inches per year.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Equations by Multiplying and Dividing

Solve each equation. Write the answer in simplest form.
2
  14
3
2
   14
3
2 2 2 2
     14   Divide both sides of the equation by 3.
3 3 3
2 3 3 3 2
Dividing by a      14   Multiply by 2, the reciprocal of 3.
number is the same 3 2 2
3
as multiplying by its   14  2
reciprocal.
14  3
 
12
42
  2, or 21

1
2x  3
1
2x  3
2x 1 1 1
       Multiply both sides by the reciprocal of 2.
1 2 3 2
11
x 
32
1
x  6 The answer is in simplest form.

5x
  4
6
5x
  4
6
5x 5 4 5 5
       Divide both sides by 6.
6 6 1 6
5x 6 4 6 5
       Multiply by the reciprocal of 6.
6 5 1 5
24 4
x  5, or 45

274 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 EXAMPLE 2 PROBLEM SOLVING APPLICATION
Dexter makes dog biscuits for the animal shelter. He makes 34 of a
recipe and uses 15 cups of powdered milk. How many cups of
powdered milk are in the recipe?

1 Understand the Problem

1.
The answer will be the number of cups of
powdered milk in the recipe.
List the important information:
Life Science • He makes 34 of the recipe.
• He uses 15 cups of powdered milk.

1.
2 Make a Plan
You can write and solve an equation. Let x represent the number of
cups in the recipe.
He uses 15 cups, which is three-fourths of the amount in the recipe.
15  34 x

1.3 Solve

The thanof110Georgia
University
No more of a 15  34 x
College of should
dog’s diet Veterinary consist 4 3 4 4 3
Medicine runsbiscuits.
of treats and a program 15  3  4x  3 Multiply both sides by 3, the reciprocal of 4.
called Dog Doctors. 5
Veterinary students bring 
15 4
Bernese Mountain dogs 
1   x

3
Simplify. Then multiply.
to schools across 1
Georgia to educate 20  x
students about pet care.
There are 20 cups of powdered milk in the recipe.

1.
4 Look Back
Check 15  34 x
?
15  34(20) Substitute 20 for x.
15

? 60
15  
4
Multiply and simplify.
1
?
15  15 ✔ 20 is the solution.

GPS M6P1.d, M6P2.c

Think and Discuss
1. Explain whether 23 x  4 is the same as 23  4x.
2. Tell how you know which numbers to divide by in the following
equations: 23 x  4 and 45  8x.

5-10 Solving Fraction Equations: Multiplication and Division 275

5-10 Exercises Georgia Performance
Standards
KEYWORD: MR7 5-10
M6P3.a, M6P4.c
KEYWORD: MR7 Parent

GUIDED PRACTICE
See Example 1 Solve each equation. Write the answer in simplest form.
3 3 2x 9
1. 4z  12 2. 4n  5 3. 3  5 4. 2c  10

See Example 2 5. School In PE class, 38 of the students want to play volleyball. If 9 students
want to play volleyball, how many students are in the class?

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
See Example 1 Solve each equation. Write the answer in simplest form.
2 1 3r 4
6. 3t  7 7. 3x  3 8. 5  9 9. 8t  5
4 y 6 7
10. 5a  1 11. 4  5 12. 2b  7 13. 9j  10

See Example 2 14. Jason uses 2 cans of paint to paint 12 of his room. How many cans of paint
will he use to paint the whole room?

15. Cassandra baby-sits for 45 of an hour and earns $8. What is her hourly rate?

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Extra Practice Solve each equation. Write the answer in simplest form.
See page 723. 3 3y 7 4
Extra Practice p. 723 16. m  8  4 17. 5  6 18. 4z  1
0
19. t  5  20
3 3 1 1 2 2 3
20. 5a  5 21. 6b  23 22. 5c  3  3 23. 4x  7
1 w 2n 1 1 4 3
24. 2  4 25. 8  3 26. 4  2  4d 27. 2y  5  5

Write each equation. Then solve, and check the solution.

28. A number n is divided by 4 and the quotient is 12.

29. A number n is multiplied by 112 and the product is 9.

30. A recipe for a loaf of bread calls for 34 cup of oatmeal.
a. How much oatmeal do you need if you make half the recipe?
b. How much oatmeal do you need if you double the recipe?
31. Entertainment Connie rode the roller coaster at the amusement park.
After 3 minutes, the ride was 34 complete. How long did the entire ride take?

32. Zac moved 15 of the things from his old bedroom to his new dorm room in
3212 minutes. How long will it take in minutes for him to move all of his
things to his new dorm room?
33. A dress pattern requires 318 yards of fabric. Jody wants to make matching
dresses for the girls in her sewing club so she purchased 3438 yards of fabric.
How many dresses can Jody make using this pattern?

276 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 34. Multi-Step Alder cut 3 pieces of fabric from a roll. Each piece of fabric she
cut is 112 yd long. She has 2 yards of fabric left on the roll. How much fabric
was on the roll before she cut it?
Life Science
35. Life Science Sasha’s book report is about animals in Madagascar. She
writes 10 pages, which represents 13 of her report, about lemurs. How many
more pages does Sasha have to write to complete her book report?
1 7
36. Critical Thinking How can you tell, without solving the equation 2x  48,
7
The northwest that x is greater that 48?
corner of Madagas-
car is home to Use the circle graph for Exercises 37 and 38. Favorite Bagels
black lemurs. These
primates live in 37. The circle graph shows the results of a
1
groups of 7–10, survey of people who were asked to choose 4
Sesame 1
Plain
and they have an their favorite kind of bagel. 2
average life span of
20–25 years. Much a. One hundred people chose plain bagels
of their habitat is as their favorite kind of bagel. How
being destroyed by many people were surveyed in all?
human agricultural
activity. b. One-fifth of the people who chose
sesame bagels also chose plain cream
cheese as their favorite spread. How
many people chose plain cream cheese? 1
Poppy
(Hint: Use the answer to part a to help 8
1
you solve this problem.) Raisin
8

38. What’s the Question? If the answer is

25 people, what is the question?
3
39. Write About It Explain how to solve 5x  4.
11
40. Challenge Solve 234n  1
2

3
41. Multiple Choice Solve 10x  9.
A x  15 B x  30 C x  60 D x  90
3
42. Multiple Choice Which of the following is a solution to 4x  4?
3 3 1
F x  1
6
G x  4 H x3 J x  53
4
43. Gridded Response What value of y is a solution to 5y  28?

Find the GCF of each set of numbers. (Lesson 4-3)

44. 6 and 15 45. 18 and 56 46. 12, 16, and 32 47. 24, 63, and 81

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. (Lesson 5-9)

2 1 9 3 3 1 1 1
48. 3  3 49. 10  4 50. 28  4 51. 14  23

5-10 Solving Fraction Equations: Multiplication and Division 277

 Quiz for Lessons 5-6 Through 5-10
5-6 Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers
1. Multiply 4  23. Write your answer in simplest form.

2. Michelle ordered 5 lb of fruit for a family picnic. Of that fruit, 13 was
watermelon. How much of the fruit was watermelon?

3. Philip has 35 comic books. Of those comics, 120 take place in space. How many
of Philip’s comic books take place in space?

5-7 Multiplying Fractions

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
2 3 3 2 7 4
4. 7  4 5. 5  3 6. 12  5

Evaluate the expression t  18 for each value of t. Write the answer in
Ready to Go On?

simplest form.
4 4 2
7. t  9 8. t  5 9. t  3

5-8 Multiplying Mixed Numbers

Multiply. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 2 7 2
10. 4  23 11. 16  3 12. 8  23

Find each product. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 1 2 1 2
13. 24  16 14. 13  25 15. 3  47

5-9 Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Find the reciprocal.
2 5 3
16. 7 17. 12 18. 5

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

3 3 1 1 1
19. 5  4 20. 11
0
 34 21. 15  23

5-10 Solving Fraction Equations: Multiplication and Division

Solve each equation.
2y 3 2x
22. 3  10 23. 6p  4 24. 3  9

25. Michael has a black cat and a gray kitten. The black cat weighs 12 pounds.
The gray kitten weighs 35 the weight of the black cat. How much does the
gray kitten weigh?

278 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Something’s Fishy! Maria and Victor are
setting up a 20-gallon aquarium. They want
to choose fish for the aquarium using the rule
“1 inch of fish per gallon of water.” This means
that the total length of the fish in their tank
should be no more than 20 inches.

1. Maria considers getting one of each fish shown Common Aquarium Fish
in the table. Estimate the total length of the fish.
Name Length (in.)
Could she add more fish? Explain.
2. Victor would like to have a neon tetra and a Zebra danio
guppy in the tank. What is the total length of the 21

2
two fish?

Multi-Step Test Prep

3. What is the total length of the remaining fish
Neon tetra
that Victor could add to the tank? Explain.
11

4
4. Is there enough room left for Victor to add 4
clown barbs to the tank? Why or why not?
5. Maria and Victor decide to fill the tank with Clown barb
neon tetras only. Write and solve an equation to
4176

find out how many neon tetras they can put in
the tank.
Platy
13

4

Guppy

23

8

Multi-Step Test Prep 279

 Fraction Riddles
1 What is the value of one-half of two-thirds of
three-fourths of four-fifths of five-sixths of
six-sevenths of seven-eighths of eight-ninths of
nine-tenths of one thousand?
2 What is the next fraction in the sequence below?
1 1 1 1
, , , , . . .
12 6 4 3
3 I am a three-digit number. My hundreds digit is
one-third of my tens digit. My tens digit is one-third
of my ones digit. What number am I?
4 A splorg costs three-fourths of a dollar plus
three-fourths of a splorg. How much does a splorg
cost?
5 How many cubic inches of dirt are in a hole that
measures 13 feet by 14 feet by 12 feet?

Fraction
Fraction Bingo
Bingo
The object is to be the first player to cover five
squares in a row horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally.
One person is the caller. On each of the
caller’s cards, there is an expression
containing fractions. When the caller draws
a card, he or she reads the expression
aloud for the players.
The players must find the value of
the expression. If a square on the
player’s card has that value or a
fraction equivalent to that value, KEYWORD: MR7 Games
they cover the square.
The first player to cover five squares in a
row is the winner. Take turns being the caller.
A variation can be played in which the winner A complete copy of the rules and
is the first person to cover all their squares. game pieces are available online.

280 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 Materials
• file folder
• scissors
• white paper
• hole punch
• chenille stem
• surveyor’s
flagging tape
• tape

A
PROJECT Flipping over
Fractions
Make a flip-flop book to take notes and work
sample problems related to fraction
operations.
Directions
1 Cut the folder in half from the fold to the edge.
B
Then cut out a flip-flop shape, with the “toe” of
the flip-flop along the folded edge. Figure A

2 Cut about ten flip-flop shapes out of the white

paper. They should be slightly smaller than the
flip-flop you cut out of the file folder.

3 Put the white flip-flops inside the file-folder

flip-flop. Punch a hole at the top through all C
the layers. Also punch holes at the sides of the
flip-flip cover. These side holes should go
through only the cover. Figure B

4 Insert the chenille stem into the hole at the top,

make a loop, and trim. Insert the surveyor’s
flagging tape through the loop, and insert the ends
into the holes at the sides of the flip-flop. Tape the
surveyor’s flagging tape to the back of the cover to
hold it in place. Figure C

Taking Note of the Math

Write the chapter number and title on the
flip-flop. Then use the inside pages to work
problems from the chapter. Choose
problems that will help you remember
the most important concepts.

It’s in the Bag! 281

 Vocabulary
least common denominator (LCD) . . . . 234 reciprocals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
least common multiple (LCM) . . . . . . . . 228

Complete the sentences below with vocabulary words from the list above.

1. Two numbers are ? if their product is 1.

2. The ? is the smallest number that is a common multiple of two or

more denominators.

5-1 Least Common Multiple (pp. 228–231) GPS M6N1.c

EXAMPLE EXERCISES
Study Guide: Review

■ Find the least common multiple (LCM) Find the least common multiple (LCM).
of 4, 6, and 8. 3. 3, 5, and 10 4. 6, 8, and 16
4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, . . . 5. 3, 9, and 27 6. 4, 12, and 30
6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, . . .
7. 25 and 45 8. 12, 22, and 30
8: 8, 16, 24, 32, . . .
LCM: 24

5-2 Adding and Subtracting with Unlike Denominators (pp. 234–237)

EXAMPLE EXERCISES GPS M6N1.d

7 2
■ 
9
 3 Add or subtract. Write each answer in
7 2 simplest form.
   Write equivalent fractions. Add. 1 5 1 7
9 3 9. 5  8 10. 6  1
7 6 13 4 2
      1 13 4 7 2
9 9 9 9 11. 1  5 12. 8  3
5

5-3 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers (pp. 238–241)

GPS M6N1.d
EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Find the difference. Write the answer in Find each sum or difference. Write the
simplest form. answer in simplest form.
5 1 3 2 5 1
58  36 13. 11
0
 35 14. 49  12
15 4
52  32 Write equivalent fractions. 15. Angela had 170 gallon of paint. She used
4 4
11 1 gallon for a project. How much paint
3
22
4
Subtract.
did she have left?

282 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 5-4 Regrouping to Subtract Mixed Numbers (pp. 244–247)
GPS M6N1.d
EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Subtract. Subtract. Write each answer in

7 9 simplest form.
41
0
 210
2 5 1 7
17 9 7 16. 79  39 17. 35  11
31
0
 210 Regroup 4
10
. Subtract. 0
7 11 3 3
8
11 18. 81
2
 21
2
19. 58  24
0
6 13 7
4
15 20. 117  41
4
21. 10  88

22. Georgette needs 8 feet of ribbon to

decorate gifts. She has 314 feet of ribbon.
How many more feet of ribbon does
Georgette need?

5-5 Solving Fraction Equations: Addition and Subtraction (pp. 248–251)

EXAMPLE EXERCISES GPS M6N1.g

Study Guide: Review

5
■ Solve n  27  8. Solve each equation. Write the solution in
5 5 5 simplest form.
n  27  27  8  27
3 2 11 5
5 23. x  124  175 24. t  61
2
 216
n  8  27
2 3 2 2
7 5 25. 33  m  14 26. 53  p  29
n  77  27
2 4 2 7
2 27. y  13  35 28. 45  j  710
n  57
29. Jon poured 112 oz of lemon juice onto a
salad. He has 512 oz lemon juice left in
the bottle. How many ounces of lemon
juice were in the bottle before Jon
poured some on the salad?

5-6 Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers (pp. 254–257)

GPS M6N1.g
EXAMPLE EXERCISES
3
■ Multiply 3  5. Write your answer in Multiply. Write each answer in simplest
simplest form. form.
1 3 6
3 3 3 3 9
3  5  5  5  5  5 or 15
4 30. 5  7 31. 2  8 32. 3  7
5 1 3
33. 4  8 34. 6  2 35. 2  5
36. There are 105 members of the high
school band. Of these members, 15 play
percussion instruments. How many
members play percussion?

Study Guide: Review 283

 5-7 Multiplying Fractions (pp. 260–263) GPS M6N1.e

EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Multiply. Write the answer in Multiply. Write each answer in

simplest form. simplest form.
3 1 5 2 5 3 4 1
   Multiply. Then simplify. 37. 6  5 38. 7  4 39. 5  8
4 3
31 3 1 7 2 1 5 1 6
  1  4 40. 10  5 41. 9  9 42. 4  7
43 2
43. Andrew’s hockey team won 45 of their
games. Andrew scored in 23 of the games
his team won. In what fraction of his
team’s games did Andrew score?

5-8 Multiplying Mixed Numbers (pp. 264–267) GPS M6N1.e

EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Multiply. Write the answer in Multiply. Write each answer in simplest

simplest form. form.
2 2 2 5 10 2 2 1 3 2 1 3
  1         44. 5  24 45. 4  13 46. 33  5
Study Guide: Review

5 3 5 3 15 3

5-9 Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers (pp. 270–273) GPS M6N1.e

EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Divide. Write the answer in Divide. Write each answer in

simplest form. simplest form.
3 31 3 1 4 3 1 2
  6    2  8 47. 7  3 48. 10  2 49. 13  25
4 46 4

50. Beverly needs to measure 223 cups of

bread crumbs. She has a 13 cup
measuring scoop. How many times
must she fill the 13 cup measuring scoop
to get 223 cups of bread crumbs?

5-10 Solving Fraction Equations: Multiplication and Division

(pp. 274–277)
GPS M6N1.g
EXAMPLE EXERCISES

■ Solve the equation. Solve each equation.

4 1 3b 1
n  12 51. 4a  2 52. 4  12
5
4 4 4
n    12   Divide both sides by 4. 2m
53. 7  5 54. 6g  5
4
5 5 5 5
4 5 5
n    12   Multiply by the reciprocal. 5
55. 6r  9
s 1
56. 8  6 4
5 4 4
60 8j
n  4  15 57. 6p  3
2
58. 9  18
5

284 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

Find the least common multiple (LCM).
1. 10 and 15 2. 4, 6, and 18 3. 9, 10, and 12 4. 6, 15, and 20

Add or subtract. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 4 7 3 2 3 1 5
5. 49  29 6. 11
0
 34 7. 3  8 8. 23  6
2 1 5 3 3 5 2
9. 4  27 10. 12  6 11. 8  4 12. 6  5

13. On Saturday, Cecelia ran 373 miles. On Sunday, she ran 465 miles. How much
farther did Cecelia run on Sunday than on Saturday?
14. Michael studied social studies for 34 of an hour, Spanish for 112 hours, and math
for 114 hours. How many hours did Michael spend studying all three subjects?
15. Quincy needs 613 feet of rope to tie down the things he is hauling in his truck. He
finds a 9 foot long rope in his garage. How much extra rope does Quincy have?

Find the reciprocal.

Chapter Test
3 7 5 1
16. 5 17. 11 18. 9 19. 8

Multiply or divide. Write the answer in simplest form.

3 4 3 6 1 2 7
20. 7  9 21. 18  1
1
22. 24  23 23. 8  2
1 5 4 1 1 1 3 2
24. 33  11
2
25. 5  13 26. 38  14 27. 8  3

Evaluate the expression n  14 for each value of n. Write the answer in
simplest form.
7 2 8 4
28. n  8 29. n  5 30. n  9 31. n  11

32. Twenty-four students tried out for the cheerleading squad. Only 56 of the
students will be chosen. How many students will be chosen for the squad?

33. A recipe for granola bars require 112 cups of flour. How much flour is needed to
make a triple batch of granola bars?

Solve each equation. Write the solution in simplest form.

9 1 5 1
34. 3r  1
0
35. n  36  12 36. 56  x  34
2 4 3 1
37. 5t  9 38. 5m  7 39. y  155  23

40. Jessica purchased a bag of cat food. She feeds her cat 1 cup of cat food each
day. After 7 days, she has fed her cat 23 of the food in the bag. How many cups
of food were in the bag of cat food when Jessica bought it?

Chapter 5 Test 285

 Gridded Response: Write Gridded Responses
When responding to a test item that has an answer grid, you must fill
out the grid correctly, or the item will be marked as incorrect.

Gridded Response: Simplify the expression (8  3)  5  (6  3).

9
(8  3)  5  (6  3)
24  5  3 Perform operations within parentheses.
24  15 Multiply.
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 9 Subtract.
2 2 2 2 2 The expression simplifies to 9.
3 3 3 3 3
• Use a pencil to write your answer in the answer boxes at the top of
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
the grid.
6 6 6 6 6 • The answer can be entered starting in the far left column, or in the
Test Tackler

7 7 7 7 7 far right column, but not in the middle.

8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 • Write only one digit in each box. Do not leave a blank box in the
middle of an answer.
• Shade the correct bubble below your written digit.

Gridded Response: Evaluate 214  114  334.

2 9 / 4 1 1 3
24  14  34
5
64 Add the fractions and then add the whole numbers.
0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 29
1 1 1 1 1 64  6  14  74 or 7.25 or 4 Simplify.
2 2 2 2 2 • You cannot fill in mixed numbers. You must fill in the answer as an
3 3 3 3 3
improper fraction or a decimal.
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 • Use a pencil to write your answer in the answer boxes at the top of
6 6 6 6 6 the grid.
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 • Write only one digit or symbol in each box. On some grids, the
9 9 9 9 9 fraction bar and the decimal point have a special box. If so, write
your fraction or decimal around it correctly. Do not leave a blank
box in the middle of an answer.
• Shade the correct bubble below your written digit.

286 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 When filling out a grid be sure to use a Sample C
pencil and completely fill in the bubbles A student correctly
directly below each digit or symbol you
5 5 / 8
simplified the
wrote.
expression
0 0 0 0 0 678  138  258. Then
Read each sample and then answer the the student filled in
1 1 1 1 1
questions that follow. 2 2 2 2 2 the grid as shown.
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
Sample A
4 / 2 5 A student divided two 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
fractions and got 245 as
7 7 7 7 7
a result. Then the 8 8 8 8 8
0 0 0 0 0 student filled in the 9 9 9 9 9
1 1 1 1 1 grid as shown.
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 5. What answer does the grid show?
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 6. Explain why you cannot grid a mixed
6 6 6 6 6 number.
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 7. Write the answer 558 in two forms that
9 9 9 9 9 could be entered in the grid correctly.

Test Tackler
1. What error did the student make when Sample D
filling in the grid? 1 .2 5 A student wrote the
standard form of the
2. Explain how to fill in the answer decimal one and
correctly. twenty-five
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 hundredths and then
2 2 2 2 2 filled in the grid as
Sample B 3 3 3 3 3 shown.
2 . 9 A student solved the
4 4 4 4 4
equation x  2.1  5, 5 5 5 5 5
and found that x  2.9. 6 6 6 6 6
0 0 0 0 0 This answer is displayed 7 7 7 7 7
1 1 1 1 1 in the grid below. 8 8 8 8 8
2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 8. What error did the student make
6 6 6 6 6 when filling in the grid?
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 9. Explain how to fill in the answer
9 9 9 9 9 correctly.

3. What error did the student make

when filling in the grid?
4. Explain how to fill in the answer
correctly.

Test Tackler 287

 KEYWORD: MR7 Testprep

Cumulative Assessment, Chapters 1–5

Multiple Choice
1. Which number is less than 34? 5. A recipe calls for 14 cup of sugar and
2 5 2 cup of flour. How much more flour
A  C  3
3 6 than sugar is needed for this recipe?
4 9
B  D   1 1
5 10 A  cup C  cup
7 2
5 3
B  cup D  cup
12 4

2. Mr. Ledden’s briefcase has a mass of

9.4 kilograms on Earth. How much 6. Maggie needs 1538 yards of blue rope,
would his briefcase weigh on Jupiter? 2413 yards of white rope, and 834 yards
of red rope. About how many yards of
Gravitational Pull of Planets
rope does she need in all?
(Compared with Earth)
F 38 yards H 48 yards
Planet Gravitational Pull
G 45 yards J 55 yards
CRCT Prep

Mercury 0.38
Venus 0.91
Mars 0.38 7. Let d represent the number of dogs
that Max walks in 1 day. Which
Jupiter 2.54
expression shows the number of dogs
Saturn 0.93 Max walks in 7 days?
Neptune 1.2
A 7d C 7d
d
F 8.554 kg H 11.94 kg B d7 D 
7
G 11.28 kg J 23.876 kg
8. Charlie eats 58 of a pizza. One-fifth of
the pizza he eats is covered with
3. Brandon’s family is planning a trip from mushrooms. How much of Charlie’s
Dallas to San Antonio. Dallas is about pizza is covered with mushrooms?
272 miles from San Antonio. If Brandon’s 1 1
F  pizza H  pizza
8 5
dad drives an average of 60 miles per 5 1
G  pizza J 38 pizza
hour, about how long will the trip take? 13

A 3 hours C 6 hours
B 5 hours D 7 hours 9. Which of the following sets of decimals
is ordered from least to greatest?
A 3.8, 3.89, 3.08, 3.9
4. What is the value of 54? B 3.89, 3.8, 3.9, 3.08
F 9 H 625 C 3.08, 3.89, 3.8, 3.9
G 20 J 1,000 D 3.08, 3.8, 3.89, 3.9

288 Chapter 5 Fraction Operations

 STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
10. Samantha gets to choose a number for Short Response
her soccer jersey. She picks a number 16. Jane is building a tank for her pet
that is divisible by 3, 5, and 9, but not snake. The tank’s minimum length
by 2, 4, or 6. Which of the following should equal two-thirds of the snake’s
can be Samantha’s jersey number? length, and the tank’s width should be
F 15 H 30 equal to half the snake’s length. Jane’s
G 27 J 45 snake is 212 feet long. Calculate and
explain how to find the dimensions of
11. A theater has 145 rows of seats. There the tank.
are 12 seats in each row. The sixth 17. Lucy has 56 yard of ribbon to wrap gifts
grade class from Brookpark Middle for her friends. The bow on each gift
School has 168 students and 15 requires 16 yard of ribbon. Write an
chaperones that are attending a play equation to determine how many b
next week. How many rows will they bows Lucy can make. Solve and
need to reserve for the upcoming play? interpret your answer.
A 14 rows C 16 rows
B 15 rows D 17 rows Extended Response
18. Garrett attends a summer day camp for
6 hours each day. The circle graph
Underline key words given in the test below shows what fraction of each day
question so you know for certain what he spends doing different activities.
the question is asking.

CRCT Prep
Camp Activities
Reading
12. What is the least common denominator Lunch 1 Swimming
for the following fractions: 45, 34, and 110? 1 12
8 1
Playground
F 20 H 50 games 3
1
G 40 J 100 8
Sports 1 1
13. During a walk-a-thon, Brian walks 314 activities 6 6 Crafts
kilometers, and Stacey walks 278
kilometers. How many more kilometers
does Brian walk than Stacy? a. How long does Garrett spend doing
3 1 each activity? Write the activities in
A  C 1
8 8 order from longest to shortest.
7 7
B  D 
8 4 b. Sports activities and playground
14. What is the reciprocal of 617? games are all held on the camp
7 7 fields. What fraction of the day does
F  H 
43 6 Garrett spend on the fields? Write
6
G  J 6 your answer in simplest form.
7
c. Lunch and crafts are held in the
15. Natalie lives 16 mile from school. Peter
cafeteria. How many hours does
lives 130 mile from school. How many
Garrett spend in the cafeteria
miles further does Peter live from the
during a 5-day week at day camp?
school than Natalie?
Write your answer in simplest form,
1 2
A  C  and show the work necessary to
20 15
1 6 determine the correct answer.
B  D 
30 60
CRCT Prep 289