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AG3601 Engineering Geology Overview

The document outlines the syllabus for the AG3601 Engineering Geology course, detailing various units covering topics such as Physical Geology, Mineralogy, Structural Geology, Geoprospecting, and Geological Considerations and Hazards. Each unit includes questions for 2 marks and 16 marks, focusing on definitions, classifications, properties, and applications of geological concepts. It emphasizes the importance of geological knowledge in civil engineering applications, including construction and environmental considerations.

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S Arun
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46 views12 pages

AG3601 Engineering Geology Overview

The document outlines the syllabus for the AG3601 Engineering Geology course, detailing various units covering topics such as Physical Geology, Mineralogy, Structural Geology, Geoprospecting, and Geological Considerations and Hazards. Each unit includes questions for 2 marks and 16 marks, focusing on definitions, classifications, properties, and applications of geological concepts. It emphasizes the importance of geological knowledge in civil engineering applications, including construction and environmental considerations.

Uploaded by

S Arun
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AG3601 - ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

2 MARKS AND 16 MARKS


UNIT-I
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
2 MARKS

Page 1 of 12
16 MARKS

Page 2 of 12
UNIT-II
MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
2 MARKS
1. Define mineralogy.
2. Define various varieties of quartz group minerals.
3. Identify the physical properties of mica.
4. Define mineral.
5. Identify the different physical properties of minerals
6. Discuss the physical properties and uses of quartz, augite.
7. What is mohr’s scale of hardness?
8. Discuss the physical properties and uses of hornblende, biotite.
9. List out the clay group minerals and their important properties.
10. Differentiate between muscovite and biotite?
11. Define ore minerals.
12. Show the isometric system of crystals.
13. Define tetragonal system of crystals.
14. Determine orthorhombic system of crystals.
15. Describe about triclinic system of crystals.
16. How will you assess the monoclinic system of crystals.
17. Write about feldspar group.
18. Define lusture.
19. Discuss about form, streak.
20. Write about hardness and specific gravity.
21. Write short notes on cleavage in amphibole and pyroxenes?
22. Give salient features and mention important properties of Felspar group.

23. Describe about Fracture and its types?


24. Differentiate the term Axis of symmetry and twining axis.
25. Illustrate the term interfacial angle?

16 MARKS

Page 3 of 12
1. List the various physical properties of minerals and describe each property with
examples.
2. Tell about the physical properties of Quartz group of minerals. Explain it

3. What are the physical properties of Feldspar and Pyroxene group of


minerals? Describe it.
4. What are the composition properties of
(i) Orthoclase feldspar (6)
(ii) Microcline feldspar (7)
5. Write a detailed note on the chemical composition, physical properties, origin, occurrence,
engineering behaviour and uses of clay minerals.
6. Classify between mica and feldspar group of minerals.
7. Interpret the Mineral and Rock and Describe the physical properties of minerals with
examples
8. Identify the Pyroxene group of minerals and explain it briefly.

9. (i) Give a detailed account of Special Properties of Minerals (7)


(ii) Give in detail about Plagioclase Feldspar (6)
10. Distinguish the properties and importance of
(i) Augite (7)
(ii) Hornblende. (6)
11. Explain about the properties of
(i) Muscovite (7)
(ii) Gypsum. (6)
12. Explain the physical properties of Mica group of minerals with examples.

13. Explain the composition properties of


(i) Biotite (7)
(ii) Calcite (6)
14. Elaborate the detail about crystallographic system.

15. Explain the various processes of formation of ore minerals.

16. Inspect how coal and petroleum originate. Give detail account of their occurrence in India.

Page 4 of 12
17. What are the Engineering Properties of clay.

18. Illustrate the applications of various minerals.

UNIT-III
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ROCK MECHANICS
2 MARKS
1. Define petrology and mention its classification.
2. Identify the importance of texture and structure of a building stone.
3. Distinguish between monomineralic rock and polymineralic rock with example.

4. Compare the relative strengths of shale, sandstone and quartzite.


5. Explain about contact metamorphism.
6. What do you mean by granulation in metamorphic petrology?
7. Describe a brief note on stratification.
8. What is meant by RMR? What is its significance?
9. Identify the various physical properties of minerals.
10. Tell about the significance of determining RQD in engineering constructions.

11. Explain the structure of igneous rocks and its textures.

12. Classify rocks with examples.

13. Explain briefly the term metamorphic facies and mineral paragenesis.

14. Discuss about crushing strength of a rock.

15. What do you mean by diagnenessis?

16. Compare the strength of schidst and quartzite.

17. Write briefly about attrition test.

18. Define Lopoliths and dykes.

19. Discuss some distinguishing prime physical properties of the metamorphic rocks.

20. Difference between concordant bodies and discordant bodies.

Page 5 of 12
21. Illustrate the term Texture and its types?

22. What are the Clastic rocks?

23. List out the structures of Metamorphic rocks.

24. Give short notes about Slate.

25. Give examples for Igneous rocks.

16 MARKS
1. What are the engineering properties of rocks to be tested for constructions of dams and
tunnels and how will you determine the engineering properties of rocks at site and
laboratory?
2. Write an essay on engineering properties, distribution and uses of granite.

3. Explain in detail about the igneous rocks with neat sketch.


4. Describe the origin, texture, structure and occurrence of granite, marble and
sandstone rocks.
5. What is a dolerite? Describe its composition, origin and
distribution.
6. Define metamorphic rocks. Explain about it briefly.
7. How are rocks classified? Describe the major distinguishing properties of the
major rock types.
8. Explain the composition, texture, characteristics, occurrence and
uses of black granite, basalt, Marble.
9. Discuss about the composition, texture, characteristics, occurrence and uses of
limestone, schist, Gneiss.
10. Write a short note on
(i) Structure of igneous rocks (6)
(ii) Structure of Sedimentary rocks (7)
11. Analyse the composition, texture, characteristics, occurrence and uses of laterite,
Slate, Quartzite.

Page 6 of 12
12. Tell about the uses of major rock types and explain in detail about sedimentary
rocks.
13. Explain the concept on
(i) Texture of igneous rocks (7)
(ii) Texture of metamorphic rocks (6)
14. How would you differentiate between igneous rock, metamorphic rock and
sedimentary rock on the basis of structure & texture?
15. Explain how the mineral textures of an igneous rocks be used to
infer its origin.
16. Discuss about the composition, varieties, origin and Indian Occurrence of Coal.

17. Illustrate with examples of different types of rocks present in our earth in different site
conditions.
18. Write a case study about rocks and mineral resource of any geological conditions in
India.

UNIT-IV
GEOPROSPECTING
2 MARKS
1. Name the different geological structures associated with convergent
plate regimes.
2. Discuss about Recumbent folds with a neat diagram.
3. Using a diagram, define the terms dip and strike.
4. What are joint and joint sets?
5. Define the term Rock Quality designation.
6. What is meant by structural geology?
7. Differentiate between True dip and apparent dip of rock formation.
8. Interpret the difference between anticline and syncline.
9. Briefly explain the principal involved in electrical resistivity survey for sub-surface
investigation.
10. With a neat sketch explain the wennersconfiguration.

Page 7 of 12
11. Write notes on faults and brief its significance.
12. Illustrate the effects of faulting.
13. Identify the uses of geological maps in understanding structural geology of a
tectonically active area.
14. Explain the engineering considerations of a folds.
15. Classify the types of dips.
16. Compare Wenner and berger methods.
17. How do joints influence the strength of rocks?
18. How will you evaluate the resistivity for sub-surface investigation?
19. Elaborate the methods adopted for geological investigations.
20. Define outcrops.
21. List out the faults basis on occurrence.
22. What are the engineering importance of faults and its occurrence?
23. Give short notes about Seismic methods.
24. Write down the classification of joints based on origin?
25. Give detail about impacts of joints in engineering consideration?

16 MARKS
1. Write a detailed note on the mechanics and classification of folds and faults.

2. Explain in detail the principle, procedure and applicability of seismic methods for
subsurface investigations.
3. Illustrate with neat sketches on the folding processes and their civil
engineering significance.
4. What are the geophysical methods that help in knowing about sub- surface features
during civil engineering investigations?
5. Explain in detail about resistivity methods and Wenner configuration.
Add note on its civil engineering applications.
6. Define fault. Explain in detail with neat sketches on
i) Normal fault (3)
ii) Reverse fault (3)
iii) Strike-slip fault (4)

Page 8 of 12
iv) Oblique fault (3)
7. (i) What are joints? Discuss the various types of joints (6)
(ii) Write about the engineering applications of folds. (7)
8. How the geological investigations are conducted for sub-surface investigations
using magnetic and acoustic methods?
9. Evaluate the seismic refraction survey to be conducted for determining the depth
of bed rock.
10. Analyse the joint structures with neat sketches and also write their role in dam and
tunnel construction.
11. Identify the various geological structures and their role in selection of sites for
engineering projects.
12. Discuss in detail about the electrical method of investigation for
ground water exploration.
13. Write a note on gravitational method in geophysics.
14. Classify the causes of faults and effects on the engineering quality of rocks.

15. Explain in detail about seismic survey investigation to predict the groundwater
vulnerability.
16. Using case studies of structural failures, discuss the importance of
geological investigation for the design and construction of large civil structures.
17. Write in detail about the types of faults and their influence on dams and tunnels.

18. i. Classify folds in rocks and describe each type in detail. (8)
ii. Give an account of the role of folds in the design of dams and tunnels. (7)

UNIT-V
GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND GEOHAZARDS
2 MARKS
1. Define the term overlap in remote sensing.

Page 9 of 12
2. List any four measures to prevent coastal erosion.
3. Define Remote sensing.
4. Analyse the causative factors of landslides.
5. Tell about dead storage in reservoir.
6. What is meant by Stand-up time in tunnelling?
7. Differentiate between Arch and Gravity dams.
8. Summarize the function of groynes in coastal protection.
9. Explain the term over break in tunnelling. How it can be controlled.

10. Outline the term Parallax in aerial Photograph.


11. Give a brief note on various coastal protection structures.
12. Illustrate the applications of Satellite Imagery.
13. Write short on sea wall and jetties in coastal protection Structures.
14. Differentiate between swelling ground and running ground in
Construction site.
15. Classify the various types of aerial photographs.
16. What is meant by rock bolting explain with neat sketch?
17. Explain the importance of pay line in tunnelling operations.
18. Explain how the study of bedrocks is essential before the construction of tunnels.

19. Discuss about the elements of aerial photographs.


20. Elaborate the methods adopted for tunnelling.
21. What are the geological problems occurring after dam
construction?
22. Write down the objectives of geological investigation of tunnel construction?

23. Give the functions of breakwater.


24. List any four methods to prevent landslides.
25. Write the applications of remote sensing techniques.

16 MARKS
1. Explain in detail the foundation evaluation techniques and influence of geological

Page 10 of 12
conditions on foundation and design of
dams.
2. Identify the uses of remote sensing applications in hydrogeological and mining
investigation studies.
3. Enumerate with appropriate figures on the types, causes of landslides and their
mitigation measures.
4. Classify the important geological factors governing coastal process and give various
coastal protection structures.
5. Identify the various causes and effects of sea erosion. Add a
detailed note on coastal protection measures.
6. What are the various geological factors to be considered for the construction of
dams? Explain with examples.
7. (i) Why jetties are built along the shoreline? (6)
(ii) What are the effects of sea waves on the coastal zones? (7)
8. List the geological factors to be considered for the construction of road cuttings.
Explain in detail.
9. List out the various geological factors to be considered for the construction of
Reservoirs? Explain in detail with examples.
10. Differentiate between Dam and Reservoir and their applications.
11. Classify the various geological factors to be considered for the construction of
buildings? Explain in detail with examples.
12. Write in detail about
(i) Landslides (7)
(ii) Their causative effects. (6)
13. Explain in detail about the role of aerial photographs and satellite images in
planning and execution of civil Engineering projects.
14. Discuss in detail about the shoreline structures with neat sketch.
15. Discuss the use of geospatial techniques for disaster management. Enumerate your
answer with case studies on landslide mitigation adopted in the Himalayan region.
16. Lithological and structural aspects are the primary considerations for the selection of
suitable sites and design of tunnels. Using appropriate case studies or examples explain
the validity of this statement.

Page 11 of 12
17. Using case study write a detailed account of the application of remote sensing in civil
engineering.
18. Explain in detail the geological considerations to be taken into
account during tunnelling.

Prepared By Verified By Approved By

[Link] Illyas [Link] Brown [Link] Kumar


AP/Civil HOD/Civil Principal

Page 12 of 12

Common questions

Powered by AI

Monomineralic rocks comprise a single mineral type, such as limestone, which is primarily calcite. Polymineralic rocks consist of multiple minerals, like granite, composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica . The mineral composition affects their engineering properties: monomineralic rocks can have uniform properties, making them predictable under stress, whereas polymineralic rocks may display varied properties, affecting their stability and making them suitable for certain applications depending on their mineral composition .

Magnetic methods detect variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by subsurface mineral compositions, identifying ferrous materials and metamorphic rocks that could affect tunneling operations . Acoustic methods, like seismic surveys, assess rock density and stratigraphy by sending sound waves to detect differences in subsurface layers, enabling precise mapping of tunnel pathways . By integrating these methods, engineers can achieve a comprehensive analysis of geological hazards like voids or fracture zones, thus optimizing the tunnel design process for safety and efficiency in complex terrains .

Resistivity methods help in identifying subsurface properties by measuring electrical resistance, crucial for determining the location of water tables, bedrock, and fracture zones impacting dam foundations . Accurate resistivity surveys enable the detection of voids or weak zones beneath dam sites, thus informing proper material selection and construction techniques to mitigate seepage or structural failures . The ability to map geological features non-invasively allows for cost-effective and safer engineering solutions .

Geological maps offer detailed information about the distribution, type, and orientation of rocks, crucial for understanding fault lines and folds in tectonically active areas . They aid engineers in assessing landslide risks, earthquake potential, and site selection for constructions like bridges and tunnels by providing a visual representation of subsurface conditions. This information is essential for designing foundations that can withstand regional tectonic forces, ensuring structural stability and safety in civil engineering projects .

Quartz minerals are known for their hardness and chemical inertness, with a Mohs hardness of 7. These properties make them ideal for manufacturing glass, ceramics, and abrasives . Additionally, their piezoelectric properties are harnessed in electronics for oscillators and filters . Their resistance to weathering and abrasion makes them valuable in construction and ornamental stone applications .

Mica has a sheet-like crystal structure leading to perfect cleavage, making it useful for electrical and thermal insulation as it splits into thin sheets . Feldspars have a framework silicate structure, leading to a range of colors and altering hardness levels. This makes feldspar valuable in the glass and ceramics industries due to its ability to impart strength and chemical resistance . The differences in crystal structure affect thermal and electrical conductivity, making mica ideal for insulation, while feldspar is commonly used where rigidity and durability are needed .

Stratification indicates different layers and compositions within sedimentary rocks, influencing their mechanical properties like strength and permeability. In engineering, such as tunnels and dams, recognizing each stratum's properties can prevent failures due to differential stress bearing and potential water seepage . Accurate assessment of stratification helps engineers plan stabilization measures, ensuring that weaker layers are reinforced or appropriately bypassed, thus optimizing safety and functionality .

Shale, with a fine-grained, planar texture, is less strong and more prone to fissility under moisture conditions, restricting its use in load-bearing structures . Sandstone's granular texture provides moderate porosity and strength, making it suitable for construction and decorative uses . Quartzite exhibits high strength and low porosity due to its quartz composition and interlocking grains, making it ideal for heavy load-bearing applications like foundations and highways . These differences highlight the importance of assessing rock properties in site-specific geotechnical evaluations for construction .

Contact metamorphism involves heat from intrusive rocks causing recrystallization of adjacent minerals, producing rocks like hornfels, typically localized near igneous intrusions . It results in thermal alteration over smaller areas with distinctive mineral assemblages. Regional metamorphism, resulting from tectonic pressures and temperatures over large areas, forms foliated structures like schists and gneisses . This difference affects where these rocks can be found: contact metamorphic rocks are typically near volcanic regions, while regional metamorphic rocks are common in mountainous belts formed by large-scale tectonic processes .

Metamorphic facies represent pressure-temperature conditions during rock metamorphism, affecting mineral stability and type. Greenschist facies, indicated by chlorite and actinolite, have lower strength compared to eclogite facies, which are dense and contain strong minerals like garnet and omphacite . The mineral paragenesis impacts the rock's mechanical properties, influencing its suitability as a construction material. For example, the high-strength eclogite facies could support large structures, whereas the less stable greenschist facies might be prone to weathering and deformation, suggesting their evaluation is critical in design and construction .

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