Integration Formulas
Basic Integration Formulas
- Int x^n dx = (x^n^(n+1))/(n+1) + C , for n != -1
- Int dx = x + C
- Int a dx = ax + C
- Int 1/x dx = lnabs(x) + C
- Int e^x dx = e^x + C
- Int a^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C , for a > 0, a != 1
Trigonometric Functions
- Int sin(x) dx = -cos(x) + C
- Int cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C
- Int sec^2(x) dx = tan(x) + C
- Int cosec^2(x) dx = -cot(x) + C
- Int sec(x)tan(x) dx = sec(x) + C
- Int cosec(x)cot(x) dx = -cosec(x) + C
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Int 1/sqrt(1 - x^2) dx = sin^-1(x) + C
- Int 1/sqrt(1 + x^2) dx = sinh^-1(x) + C
- Int 1/(1 + x^2) dx = tan^-1(x) + C
- Int 1/(abs(x)sqrt(x^2 - 1)) dx = sec^-1abs(x) + C
Hyperbolic Functions
- Int sinh(x) dx = cosh(x) + C
- Int cosh(x) dx = sinh(x) + C
- Int sech^2(x) dx = tanh(x) + C
- Int csch^2(x) dx = -coth(x) + C
- Int sech(x)tanh(x) dx = -sech(x) + C
- Int csch(x)coth(x) dx = -csch(x) + C
Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
- Int ln(x) dx = xln(x) - x + C
- Int e^(ax) dx = (1/a)e^(ax) + C
- Int a^(x) dx = a^x / ln(a) + C
Special Forms
- Int 1/(a^2 + x^2) dx = (1/a)tan^-1(x/a) + C
- Int 1/sqrt(a^2 - x^2) dx = sin^-1(x/a) + C
- Int 1/sqrt(x^2 - a^2) dx = ln|x + sqrt(x^2 - a^2)| + C
- Int sqrt(a^2 - x^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(a^2 - x^2) + (a^2/2)sin^-1(x/a) + C
- Int sqrt(x^2 + a^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(x^2 + a^2) + (a^2/2)ln|x + sqrt(x^2 + a^2)| + C
- Int sqrt(x^2 - a^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(x^2 - a^2) - (a^2/2)ln|x + sqrt(x^2 - a^2)| + C
Integration by Parts (IBP)
- Int u dv = uv - Int v du
Substitution Method
- If f(x) = f(g(x))g'(x), then set u = g(x)