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solve using Lagrange method.

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Answered by a Mechanical engineering expert 275 solutions

1st step All steps Answer only

Step 1

Given data,
Coordinates = x , x 1 2

When m = m = m and 1 2 1 1 = 1 2 = 1.

To determine the natural frequencies, ratios of amplitudes, and shape of normal modes.

Explanation:

They describe relationships between the function and its derivatives, and they are commonly used to model and analyze
dynamic systems and processes in various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, biology, and more.

Step 2

The equation motion for pendulum 1 is by taking moments about the fixed support.
2
m 1 l θ̈ 1 = −m 1 g(l, sin(θ 1 )) − m 2 gcos (θ 2 )(L, SIN(θ 1 )) + m 2 g sin(θ 2 )(l 1 cos (θ 1 ))
1

= −m1g(l 1 sin (θ 1 )) + m 2 g(l, sin(θ 2 − θ 1 )

= −m 1 gl, θ 1 + m 2 gl, (θ 2 − θ 1 )

Where,
m 1 = moss of bob1

m2 = Moss of Bob 2
L1 = Length of pendulum 1

θ1 = The angular displacement of pendulum 1

θ = The angular displacement of pendulum 2
2

The equation of motion for pendulum 1 by taking moments about mass m1

2
m 2 l θ̈ 2 + m 2 l 2 (l 1 θ̈ 1 ) = −m 2 g(l 2 sin (θ 2 ))
2

= −m 2 gl 2 θ 2

2
m 1 l θ̈ 1 + m 1 gl 1 θ 1 − m 2 gl 1 (θ 2 − θ 1 ) = 0
1
.........(1)
2
m 2 l θ̈ 2 + m 2 l 2 (l 1 θ̈ 1 ) + m 2 gl 2 θ 2 = 0
2
..........(2)
Substitute for θ and for θ in equations (1) and (2)
x1 x 2 −x 1
1 2
l1 l2

.......(3)
2 ẍ 1 x1 x 2 −x 1 x1
m1 l ( ) + m 1 gl 1 ( ) − m 2 gl 1 ( − ) = 0
1 l1 l1 l2 l1

...........(4)
2 ẍ 2 −ẍ 1 ẍ 1 x 2 −x 4
m2 l ( ) + m2 l2 l1 ( ) + m 2 gl 2 ( ) = 0
2 l2 l1 l2

[∴ m 1 = m 2 = m ; l 1 = l 2 = l]

mlẍ 1 + 3mgx 1 − mgx 2 = 0 ........(5)

...........(6)
mlẍ 2 − mgx 1 + mgx 2 = 0

For harmonic motion equations (5) and (6) becomes

2
−ω mlx 1 + 3mgx 1 − mgx 2 = 0
2
(−ω ml + 3mg)x 1 − mgx 2 = 0 ........(7)
2
−ω mlx 2 − mgx 1 + mgx 2 = 0
2
(−ω ml + mg)x 2 − mgx 1 = 0 ..........(8)

Explanation:

These frequencies are determined by the object's inherent properties and the way it is structured.

Step 3

characteristic equation
2
3mg − mlω −mg
[ ] = 0
2
−mg mg − mlω
2 2 2 2
(3mg − mlω )(mg − mlω ) − m g =0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
3m g −3m glω − m glω + m l ω − m g =0

m l ω
2 2 4
− (4m gl)ω
2 2
+ 2m g
2 2
=0 .........(9)
By solving equation (6)
roots are ω
2
1
= (2 − √ 2)
9

l
ω 1,2 =
9

l
(2 ± √ 2)

2 9
ω = (2 + √ 2)
2 l

Frequencies are
9
ω 1 = 0.7654√
l

9
ω 2 = 1.8478√
l

The ratio of amplitudes from equation (7)

2
(−ω ml + 3mg)x 1 − mgx 2 = 0

2
(−ω ml + 3mg)x 1 = mgx 2
x1 mg
= 2
x2 −ω ml+3mg

x1 1
= 21
x2 ω
− +3
g

Amplitude ratio for mode 1

1
x1
= ( )
x2

1
=
2 l
−ω +3
g

1
= 2

9 l
(0.7654√ ) +3
l g

1
= 2
−(0.7654) +3

∴ r 1 = 0.4142

Amplitude ratio for mode 2

2
x1
r2 = ( )
x2

1
=
−ω 2 l
+3
9

1
= 2

9 l
−(1.8478√ ) +3
l g

∴ r 2 = −2.4133

[r is negative means one node exists]

2

The node is
z 1−2
=
1 2.4133

z = 0.2930

Explanation:

For example, a guitar string will vibrate at its natural frequencies when plucked, producing different musical notes based on
the length, tension, and mass of the string.

Answer

Hence the required answer is

g
ω 1,2 = √ (2 ± √ 2)
l

A1
= −2.4
A2

A1
= 0.414
A2

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