David Silverman PHY 142 Formula Sheet May 16, 2025

General Reminders
 
f source moving toward
f′ =  ·
Read entire question CAREFULLY 1− vvsource
sound
stationary observer
v′ vsound +vobs
before proceeding f′ = λ
= λ
Always make sure the calculator is in the v ≈ (331 + 0.60T )m/s [ speed of sound in air
right angle mode. ]
qe = −1.6 · 10−19 C β( in dB) = 10 log II0 ; I0 = 10−12 W/m2
v
fn = nf1 = n 2ℓ
Electrostatics
Dipole Moment P = Ql EM Waves
⃗ ⃗
Ex = − ∂V
∂x
, Ey = − ∂V ∂y
, Ez = − ∂V
∂z
µ = ϵ0 E 2 : S = E×B
µ0
= ϵ0 cE 2 : S = Erms Brms
µ0
Q = CV P = S
or 2S
c c
For parallel plates C = ϵ0 Ad
Q2
U = 12 CV 2 = 2C = 21 QV Optics
Energy density: u = 12 ϵ0 E 2

1 1 1
f
= (1 − n) R1
+ R2
Permittivity = Kϵ0  
θ′ h/f N eye focused at ∞;
M= θ
= h/N
= f
.
Circuits  N = 25 cm for normal eye 
V = IR eye focused at near point, N ;
N  N = 25 cm for normal eye; 
2
P = IV = VR = I 2 R M= f
+1.
j = nqvd = Eσ, σ = p1 magnifier near eye
1 − e−t/T or e−t/T : T = RC or L
R
q
ω = LC 1 Diffraction and Interference
When D sin θ = mλ, double slit and diffrac-
tion grating maxima, but single slit minima.
Magnetic field Limit of resolution θ = 1.22λ
T =µ⃗ × B; ⃗ µ ⃗ = N IA⃗ D
Snell’s Law: n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2
EH = EH d = vd Bd intensity of plane-polarized

2 2
B = µ0 nI : L = µ0 A Nl I = I0 cos θ,
→
− −
→ r
light passed by polarizer
d B = µ4π0 I d e ×b
r2
Brewster’s angle: tan θp = nn21
B2
Energy density: u = 2µ
E = −N dΦdtB = −L dI
0
Constants and Units
dt
Charge Q C
L = N ΦI B
Electric Field E V/m N/C
AC circuits Elecric Potential V V J/C
P = Irms Vrms cos(ϕ) Magnetic Field B T (N/Am) 1G = 10−4 T
I = VZ0 cos(ωt − ϕ) Inductance L H
Capactiance C F C/V
Waves
Resistance R Ω V/A
q
Ft
v= µ
∂ 2 D/∂x = (1/v 2 ) ∂ 2 D/∂t2 .
2

E = 2π 2 pSvtf 2 A2
D = 2A sin(kx) cos(ωt),
k = 2πλ
, w = 2π
T
, ωk = Tλ = v
D = 2A cos 2π f1 −f f1 +f2
 2



2
t sin 2π 2
t.