Chap-7

Climate

Learn and write the answers of the following question

Question 1.
Give reason for the following:
i. Give one reason to justify that the Himalayas act as a 'Climatic Divide./Himalayas act as a climatic barrier.
Ans- Himalayas act as a climatic barrier because Himalayas
i. Don’t allow the cold Siberian winds to enter in India.
ii. Traps Southwest monsoon winds within India and force them to give rainfall in India.

ii. Punjab has continental climate.

Ans - Punjab is away from the influence of the sea/Punjab is situated in the temperate zone.

iii. The annual range of temperature is very low along Malabar coast.
Ans- Malabar Coast is influenced by Arabian Sea.

iv. There is a decrease of 1°C for every 166 metre rise in attitude.
Ans- Because atmosphere is mainly heated by Terrestrial radiation.

v. During summer low pressure develops in Northern Plains.

Ans- Because Northern Plains receive vertical rays of the sun during summer.

vi. Kolkata receives heavier rain than Lucknow.

Ans- Kolkata is situated in the lower Ganga Valley, receives rainfall by the Bay of Bengal branch of Southwest
monsoon
where as
Lucknow is situated in the middle Ganga Valley by the time Bay of Bengal branch reaches Lucknow, it get
exhausted.

7. Summer monsoon winds blow over the Arabian Sea from the southwest direction.
Ans- Due to Coriolis force south east trade winds are deflected towards west coast of India.

8. Goa receives heavier rainfall then Puducherry.

Ans- Goa is situated on the Western coast of India so receives rainfall by the Southwest monsoon
where as
Puducherry is on the eastern coast of India so receives very little rainfall by south west monsoon

9. The Konkan coast experience Orographic rainfall.

Ans- Because the Konkan coast is situated on the leeward side of Western Ghats by Arabian Sea branch of
Summer monsoon

10. Jaipur has higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai.

Ans- Because Jaipur is a continental city where has Mumbai is a coastal city.

11. Kanpur has extreme temperature.

Ans- Kanpur lies in the interior of the continent / Far away from the influence of the sea.

12. Kochi is warmer than Mumbai even though both lie on the Western coast of India.
Ans- Kochi is near to the equator where Mumbai is far away from the Equator.

13. The Ganga plain gets the monsoon rain much later then the West Coast of India.
Ans- because the Ganga plains are far away from the sea as monsoons originate from the south west India.

14. Mangalore experience more rainfall than Mysore.

Ans- because Mangalore lies on the Western side of Western Ghats
where as
Mysore is on the leeward side of Western Ghats.

15. Mawsynram is the rainiest place of the world.

Ans- Mawsynram is situated between Garo, khasi and Jaintia Hills.

[Link] has the longest rainy season.

Ans- Kerala lies to the southwest of Western Ghats it is first state to receive rain from Arabian sea
branch of summer monsoon and the last to see the withdrawal of Retreating monsoon winds.

17. Mangalore is cooler than Delhi in summer season.

Ans- Mangaluru is near to the sea hence experience equable climate where has Delhi is far away from
the sea and experience is continental type of climate.

18 .Central Maharashtra gets less rainfall than coastal area of Maharashtra.

Ans- Central Maharashtra lies in the rain Shadow area of Western Ghats where as Coastal Maharashtra
is on the windward side of the Western Ghats.

19. Coromandel coast receives rainfall during winter season.

Ans- Due to Retreating monsoon winds.

20. North-western part of Northern Plains receive rainfall during winter season./
What is the cause of winter showers in Western Uttar Pradesh and Punjab ?
Ans- North-western part of Northern Plains receive rainfall during winter season by western disturbance.

21. Shillong gets less than 200 cm. of rainfall in the year while Cherapunji receives more than 1250
cm of rainfall.
Ans- Shillong lies on the leeward side of the Khasi hills, which forms the rain shadow area.
Whereas Cherapunji lies on the windward side of the Khasi hills and receives rainfall from the Bay
of Bengal branch of monsoon.

22. Thar Desert gets very little rain.

Ans- Because
i. Arravllies lie parallel to the direction of Arabian sea branch of Southwest monsoon winds.
 ii. Bay of Bengal branch of Southwest monsoon winds loses is moisture by the time it reaches
Thar Desert .
iii. The temperature of Thar desert is too high which increases the moisture carrying capacity of
the monsoon winds.

23. Central Maharashtra have only a light rainfall.

Ans- because Central Maharashtra is situated on the leeward side of the Western Ghats with
respect to the Arabian Sea branch of Southwest monsoon winds

Question 2
1. With reference to ‘Loo', answer in short
a. Write its one effect on human being.
Ans- Loo causes sunstroke,/lose motion,/Diahearra.

b. Write its characteristics.

Ans- It is hot, dry dusty wind./It increases temperature to 45° C.

2. With reference to ‘Western Disturbances ’, answer in short

a. Define Western Disturbances.
Ans-Temperate cyclones which originate from Mediterranean sea and bring light rainfall during winter
season.

b. Write its importance.

Ans- i. It is beneficial Rabi crops specially wheat.
ii. Gives relief from severe winter.

3. With reference to monsoon winds, answer the following:

a. What type of winds are these?
Ans- Monsoons winds are Seasonal wind/ Periodic winds.

b. From which language these winds have derived their name.

Ans- Arabic language.

c. Write the meaning of the word ‘Monsoon’.

Ans- Seasons/Seasonal reversal of winds.

d. Monsoons are known as seasonal winds. Why?

Ans- Monsoons are known as seasonal winds because these winds reverse their direction after each six
months.

Question 3
Write the other name of:
[Link] Disturbances/ Temperate cyclones
2. Summer monsoons/South West Monsoons
3. Kalbaisakhi/ Norwesters/ Bardoli Cheera
4. Mango shower/ Cherry blossoms
5. Winter Monsoons/ North East Monsoons

Question 4
Name the following place
1. Driest place-- Jaisalmer
2. Raniest place--Mawsynram
3. Coldest place--Dras
4. Hottest place--Badmer.

Question/ Answers
Q1. Mention the Four Seasons that Prevail in India stating the months for each.
Ans- i. The hot dry season/ Summer season- March to May
ii. The rainy season or South West Monsoon season- June to September
iii. The Retreating Monsoon season- October and November
iv. The cold season or North East Monsoon season- December to February

Q2. How is the winter rainfall of the northwest plains of India different from the winter rainfall of the
Southeast part of India?
Ans- North west plains gets Winter rainfall by Western disturbance where as Eastern part gets rainfall by
Retreating Monsoons.

Q3. Name a state that is the first to experience the onset of the monsoon.
Ans- Kerala

Q4. How does the "Mango shower" influence the state of Karnataka?
Ans- Brings light rainfall and helps in early ripening of mangoes.

Q5. Name three local winds of India along with the states which are affected by them.
Ans- Three local winds of India are-
1. Loo (Punjab, Haryana, Western UP)
2. Kalbaisakhi (West Bengal)./ Bardoli Cheera (Assam)/Norwester
3. Mango Showers (Kerala)/ Cherry blossoms (Karnataka)

Q6. Name two states that are affected by tropical cyclones on the eastern coast of India.
Ans- W. Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu

Q7. The temperate cyclones causes less damage then the tropical cyclones.
Ans- Temperate cyclones causes light rain fall whereas tropical cyclones causes heavy rainfall.
Wind velocity is low in Temperate cyclones whereas in tropical cyclone wind velocity is very high.

Q8. i. Name the local wind that causes rainfall in the states of Assam and West Bengal in the month
of April.
Ans- Bardoli Cheera/Kalbaisakhi.
 ii. How is this rainfall beneficial for the states mentioned above?
Ans-rainfall is beneficial for the crops like Tea, jute and rice.

Q9. What type of rainfall is experienced by all over India?

Ans- Orographic rainfall/ Relief rainfall

Q10. Ramesh is experiencing clear cloud less sky, high temperature, and high humidity which
creates a sultry and oppressive weather.
i. What geographical term do we use for the above mentioned weather condition?
Ans-October heat

ii. Name the season stating the month when this condition develops in India.
Ans- The Retreating Monsoon season in October and November.

Q11. What are the upper air currents that determine the onset and departure of the monsoon known
as?
Ans- Jet Streams.

Q12. Which climatic phenomenon influence the Indian Monsoon?

Ans- El Nino

Q13. Which climatic phenomenon has significant impact on global weather patterns?
Ans- El Nino

Interpretation of Climatic Data

Question 1.
Study the climate data provided below and answer the questions that follow:

i. Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A. Suggest a reason why the range is a small one.
ii. Which of the two Stations has the lower temperature? Why?
iii. Calculate the annual rainfall of Station B
Question 2
Study the climatic data provided below and answers the questions that follow:

i. What is the annual range of temperature of the station?

ii. What is the total rainfall experienced by the station?
iii. Why should it be correct to presume that the station lies in the interior and not on the coast?

Question 3.
Study the climate data provided below and answers the questions that follow:

i. Which of the two Stations is closer to the sea? Give a reason for your answer.
ii. Which of the two stations has a lower temperature in winter? Why?
iii. Calculate the annual rainfall of station A.

Question 4.
Study the climate data provided below and answer the questions that follow:

i. Is Station X in the coastal area or in the interior of the country?

ii. Calculate the total annual rainfall for Station X.
iii. Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to Station X.
iv. Which is the hottest month?
v. Which is the coldest month?
vi. Which is the wettest month?
vii. Which is the driest month?

Write difference between

1. Write differences between tropical cyclone and temperate cyclones.
2. Write three differences between summer monsoon season and retreating monsoon season.
3. Write differences between Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal Branch of Summer Monsoons/ South
West Monsoons.
4. Write differences between summer monsoons/South West Monsoons and Winter Monsoons/ North East
1. Write differences between 1. Write differences between Monsoons