Module- 3: Time Response of
feedback control systems
BY VTU Academy (on YouTube)
Watch Full Video Lectures, Click Here –
✔️ All 5 Modules Explained
✔️ Model Paper – 1,2 Solution Explained
✔️ Important Questions Explained
✔️ Module wise PDF Notes
✔️ One Final Revision
Controls Systems Notes
te:sb Wt**
[Link]
I > A LLope-cl ao-f t-soL-o-ol ,L6-tbe-nn !-ra.+q- Chor=oq-Fe-ar',<b'C
Slt a-tic"n lir -; Laelots, I'1.., [Link]!".t-e. tlu-- rgL=-lait'q
.Jflc,q
Utg Fto, $r - U{u-oto i ta Crr Le-ricffL .
@ **"t [Link]+ [Link] t t.5, =o
T[.ra- -r6sutb a=-sag +c-' Hne-- tt. ee-- c-tl-o-c^c-le-*.i.<L- c- fouebi
iA +-T.-"-\ os $o\.Lot-l9A.
3
S
sl
go 1.5
* -> A-t-t L9- .* t^l [Link] bet fo' *,,"-.ab L.\u ,.)n l=[Link]- tP"-- &o
S igrr L- e- T'ltz-r'e- tl'a n,o
Rn5- c*er3e- i'n- tt"e- S-*Y CPtum
Qr-
Af-t EQ- roobg %" t'Ic-- clr-or-e-o"o-le-riab''<- 8nt"t-bitr.n
P--e-1-e-rrV f o tie-- le14 l-a'tb-_ + y-G'oe-'
"t
s.l +2s.3 +BS"-trrs+s, =e
et
b",e- 3 ive'n cl--o^vacle-ri,sbL
TT-te-- \-ou"tl'2 G'rrz-'r-: tt'a
t S t .[Link] a,g [-n[t-ouqP
S.I [J
'" ldt
*l
srl.-6
r tr:
0 D
+2-
o a
solS
Prushonth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui vidya Institute of Technotogy,
Rajanukunte, Bongalore
2-
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
* -> A,s t*-e--e- o-rre- bt^ro S€.t [Link]+ ?re $rc_ -Fi'-. a t
()
Qoturnn q tt-ra- t+bLe. bt^.ro \-oot7s r5_ th4- q[-rq5-o"l-!crn'.at-LA
h^tb t *' h'''e
To b-2- rr6ht + f
Q..*-S-crn orrc-- Y-?','Y
f* ( nsLabte-
Tho- 5iverz zYVu'-,
c, gt+ 6sz * tz.s-t I = o
g
s
#- + f,,s ha--o r'.3 n oF;A"> c-F-^n3a io t_rr_ _p.-.+ L
' -rroob;3 e-nt
CPLtrro n tt-a- laut e. ., blo e-z e.- tn A r-) o
f-en
$ L*t
!-'o.t$ Cgt ytsr-e- tbe- 3 fv en
6lr) tf"e.- -tr\bt?t "b
i ,9 11P 5!r'b I e-
.L' D etectq,ft-e- b'-.-- 6t=hD*t'b % bt-re- l>V+tern uchozee--
l>Jrct'r3'
$v e.u-cr-t I f=-c.o * t* -f-trnct-".''z- fA 5 f., trz--
ccs> 2s-t5
R cs2 s= t t.gsq1 as3+ qd + ss+lt
I+ byz'Ve-n fS 4**-4
Vrlz-- Un a Yabl e) !-'ort -o13
-roof, iV ry uoi+h [Link]'ve- r €c'l pac t- ?o
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Vidya Institute of Technology, Rajunukunte, Bangulore
r
Controls Systems Notes 3
[Link]
1T'r4 Lhe.-r5-c"€,Le-n rlhL f e Tverz- b.6
ftu^o-f,'o12_ A
s5+ r-5sq1 es3+ qat+- 5stlo: Q
s5
L-t
g
g3
2-
\9
gI
o
.9
t!-'e- F'?-4+
eF l*>e: -- o..a'c.- t t ro *116- .Tt% "S f c
C_o'r LJ'$ded t+-s-t
bt-,'o-
Cs\.[Link]-o 1- fto*tb t-crr'le', i * t*
El6+ten> V-c,'-tL tt^lo -e-oe!= ue;tf- Fo*i
Hve- -resl 9o<ts I
.'. -tt-o- $ ivzo 'A7'lLero r'rb u nAtqla[e'
a- C-l-or=o. c--Lef t',s h'C-
3, A f .c-"t-t-t^t-ra ' Cocrtr'o t rU6atern lrqa'
-p lb =O
[Link]'-o s6 +* 2sF t qt\ t tbss + >qs% 32s
-l-
ltots [Link] 5'ot* qne
r! o r> tbe- tqru l-otb- + t *t Ptaoe--
gn- acr3
+ thc-- ?cn aStcr.a:!-t{ 0r
tSt
3> oo tt-',e- 'r- i5rrt- t,ra'tF + 3lo.^'e- "
Proshunth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Vidyu Institute of Technology, [Link], Bangalore
9
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
5b q 2\
5
s o ts ?L o
_q
St I g tt o
z
s
la3
-Tt-._- Fu"d Loig 8-1'ct-'o'r- ia 3ive-a--
F.E = Sq + gS2-+ ta
4 (n E)
-/
:qs3+tbs
dgt
uvL t:- -e-f^*t by fl-a-
TT->e- !e-c'f.e i-, s3 ?-ot^l
TI-'4- Ro*t|- *-*J trren be-'o-o
Co - ?4ir-'e-^"zt'ft \'ond,'",,. '
9 Lt{ lt o
,gL I
S" J lr 32- o
o
sq I t IA o
g o a q
S (.1 tb o
3
.9 I t{ o o
L tl tf o +Lr
s
5 I
q D
sl o o
Prushanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Vidya Institute of Technology, Rujanukunte, Bongalore
[Link] S
Controls Systems Notes
TD''a Bctx ib= [Link]<.br c.r2 ['Rt;3 rov e-r-2-- b11
ft'E : **q
+fAF)= qc
Js\ -/
]T-e- k Fn st -- or^s Orc .1o t^s -e e-p\o'r-e-cl tJ tt-e-
3..,,.o
b - +U"c,"e'r F;r ( L' . Tt'-- E"ttt- Arta*d t+xn- btlo ftEA
s! q
ss It 3L o o
g\ B lr o o
g3 +\
_)
s
.,-
s It :\
L
s o
sI o
6 o
A'g t!re- e ct'rq Do bO- chorn6e* io thr-- &--a L
_Il,ere Oire. ,)o roolP P'z
Cstun-,q \- tha_ l:Ut-.
th e- r'"gnt h-tk q'
6s' P\me.
Prusltanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, sai vidya Institute
of rechnotogy, Rujanuk;unte, Bangalore
b
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
tf -> lnlr"".r- &fr-pt- *-oo!F O-te-- y*"f"-t 9.r h-- f6ugfnatg
t6e- &V*Le.a {-iroe_ --*f o o&- r-\9 | ll
Crzc-r'|5,. hotvcE-
gcf1wHwr'p '
C-oot9-1^o.r4 fuuaba,f6"J t$
-V-.-- f--.1tr 6b- tJ" "*e- 8 'acftto'l-r'c'.g
* ? Tb cleF.-.[Link] Y
po\ve +... ++e- Toot % G-u^at-rLo3 t1.^,r"t-i*.'l-
*gt+ + gg t\u =o
?uY s} = :c-
x-"-f8:L+ta
X- = -\, -9
2-
hl.\5-t ?c:'9
& = -\, -h
s= tJL,aj:-
c)-o'i3 e+ f o t+-'c- 4f-. 'gt
* -> A s tbe-r, c. ol-ne- ..)G Fdb
^
f ''' \+u-
{eu1o- ' Tloer'e. Q-ue- r}D ^roolp
.
C--oLurc,n + b;
td
r t'gtrb- t-a-t!- S flooe'
+f f<[Link] x-oo F2 r^Si\\ L'., ort ttsa- i*o3 i.*T1 [Link]'-s ( tia, t ie)
Ir -i-urro yoot2 gsi6 1o.- Gn tt'e- t+t ha1tbo;'"'j\*no Ct=-q,*\)
*tr,sthc,'roolea\e'-rcltottt\S.'the-ltna-3ftto"iO>dg
i s, ungbo'ble .
+ S- p[[Link]. St6ttem
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Vidyu Institute of Technology, Rajanukunte, Bangalore
Controls Systems Notes +
[Link]
t{t Fcru cha-ra-c'telr',sbr'c 81"^.-ft'.^r2_ b el o trr, p e_L-c,r rnloc-
tlr.e- Or^rn bez n- Ybo t-F t.l.)it|r tvc Yea-t p.-FF.
S + stt bs\ + ese+ [Link] t 3s t | = Q
str
.S
3
Pt^t s= in t|,a- 5 Fv a,z- Cj-'a'-oac-t<-rrial-tc- h-*H<rrr-
t
.'- ( -=)o t (g'+ " t9u + > V)'u s(i)i-a$) +r = o
2r?t+52\+3zs+zL
l+z+37+l--L-tef,- =O
z.b
2
z-b +3s5f 5z\ 1 ? z? +- 3z-+ 7+ I --O
P.r- o
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, sai viclya Institute of
rechnology, Rujnnuk;unte, Bangalore
a
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
l. 5 3 o
L I
.9 o
z_ 3 A I o
L
tl l3 -g- \3
-5 3
L\ t3 B
z_
7 Ltg .L
l3
x+
z_
t
z -r9
_tg
LI o
-18
Lo 3 o
p 6Et cl-ran5e* ?n tho -$3-6; (o\trmn
*2 Aa tl'.oc- L-o-e.
Clre"oa'o-tte:riah'q' 8nt"o't-t-tS
+ t+',e- ta-bte- tr^ro ^fooLp a!
l,.rq-ve 4-v e- ^r-ca-l f-"'+
Prushanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Soi Vidya Institute of Technology, Rajunukunte, Bangalore
Controls Systems Notes fl
[Link]
bt s8+s++ qsL+ s5+rrrs\ +tls3 f 2oE +9s+ q
=o
g
S tr{
s+ 3 rl q o o
s6 3 tl q o D
5^b o o o
T!',e- er-{xi toTJ €a-*ncrz- ik Stveo u>3
F.E= sa + 3sQ+ n* +1
* t o't) = 6s5 + tzs3t r-2 s
-IT-L- $eto ta in St \-ou.) o.t e- rr otrs -[Link] L'y
lJ co - &kb'u**' , Q, I Z o 'aA 2-2 . TF'e- Rotrth D
"-
-t1-' o-- b o-a-t'-{ '
st l,l tf t t-t 2_O
tt o
s+l q o
:
r g lt o
."lr 3 rl I o
ssl 6 rt L> o o a-
s-la 6 tt o o
s,ell 2L erI *3
3
-
s'rl. 2L >+
.s3 | -ta -t6 * r-s
53 I -t -t
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Vittya Institute of Technology,
Rajanukunte, Bangalore
,
lo
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
L
*g -l q 1+
sl "/t q o
D
6 2+
:[-> ea tb'e-r e dra Lt"ro bign cl'a1e* io t+10- Pflvat
tabl -l-tdo \-ook-2 Ut.o-- el'.a'a-.{-}ern'e[nt
CoLurn o t+.'a e . A
Crra [Link]- -re-o,J f:arl-.
{,"..S,-* F"d
tr L aFa- C-Frarc-cr-o--ee--i,s!-'c q-*-* Fi"c- +*' Le=cl:.ffD *c".t
I- Q.a.l- (4e-
C-ooLrtol U7*ven k Bt" u2- LJou: f
1e;Lg*.-zfne kJ^a- \ra-tl3 e- "t'', Vo-tus_ +r; Lbe_
'5g*Ee-ro to b.- ,a'!qb te '
-.3
@e" +'Qs t las + 36s*-K =o
9.
.g.r 1 13
(''
3
.5
ry-,> z€rr>\ o \
'/
o
g /
tf v1
s' 36-14 o
t{
o
5 q
Fo-. ftp b€-rr) to Eo 6!atote-
33 -tq
L't
>o + h> o
Prashantlt N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Virtya Institute of Technology, Rajanukunre, Bangalore
Controls Systems Notes
ll
[Link]
36-r1 > O 36fh
-'. Th.c- ry..5o- + f1 +c'.6- A bo.l21'U"+j l^6 3-6> tq z o
b, s' + >o FlSz
Lt
+55 +tos+15-o
L,
-gt{
g-> 2o tu2 to - lo
Ll ta> (r)
2-
S t0t5-l t5
--lta
br
s
o rs
( tor+ - r)
Dt -- 3ota
'Lh
LOB-I
z*14
bt= tota-t Lo[4-
[o Vi _ I
br= toR -t -6ohL
toa_t
tt- - bot5
.L
-t- lo lS - |
l-or4 - I
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Virtya Institute of Technology, Rajanukunte, Bangulore
l2_
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
troo lt-e- A6z+e-rr, to So- rg Fa-n I e-
tov; -t
2_l<)o )o and bl
>Er
) 2lt >o qEi>;l
) 106-l
2-lc,l
totc-r-t 7 c5
loq > I
rq>ato
F;;r
- 6oK'+,bq - |
7n
tsr" -\
,'L
-6o6-1toC-l 2 o
gv too -JQo
-roL
-[Link]
[Q zc-
''a Corroete
*'ctn€ e-
? +.7 tct> o- t br i.a -Ye- . 1t>e-=-e-- r'4 no
r^Sitt lnLbe q-l'l tl-€-- eJer-Ent ?o t{-<-
h t,ll'q'c-to
-pi-at ( st trnn q5 +V e
-I1.a- B6+Eet^n t *, ctu^sctt> tlD a \-a-b te
Prushanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Rujanukunte, Bangalore
t3
Controls Systems Notes
[Link]
vy .g3+ 3tcsl-+ ttq+z) S *\ =' o
6 I 0tt + z;
gL 3q Lr
br= 3trt+ b 14-Ll
3V
+:r th e- ,B.6at.r-1 to l-- r*--tr|a
3n>o t br 2O
6T
ttr= tl
bl
3 tqz-F utq -t-l
3Fl
Ztq'+bt1 -q >o
lq= -?.s+o-5
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Vidya Institute of Technology, Rajunukunte, Bangulore
ll
Controls Systems Notes [Link]
{.- lQ=t ) br= 7=
le:o s bt -_ s
tQ=-l , bl = J.b
lq---s, bt = -rl .-
bt r'A +Va $-.t -2.5<tq<O lc1 >o'S
* -, fc= +he- 8>g*exn- tD be- gLebte- {*-'a-- *n5e- +t t1
IB [Q > o. g
l-3
b, U-"lg *t"d [-c^t-r<, *'6.z,cra f 'g cJ-\o'--a4]e'^t-'sed
+he- &f-- t"" p -f.^ct*cntz-
9.o = tq
Cs+r=)
s ts+3) c s++)
r-ou'-Ll' *,r. :lo;t"b (--i terir|.', cg[ctuolfe' t+-e-
(_(?rrct
lgn
ra13e. + K [Link]'- ,L'6a;Yern te be' ratabtre'
S otr-.^bt'srr't
.-
t' s r, erL- l-'-+
Th;--- c-t'ra-c-o'-e-te--ri'ahL &'1t-ra'L-'t.,"n' 0
l+ q tc) tK:') =o
t+ J1 ts+a) I =o
s Ls+3) [s++)
s ts+s) Cs+?) + tqCs*l3) =O
ts2t as) 1s"F+) + t9 ts+13) = o
ef 3g*4=2141-e + l1 ts + l) = o r
d+ rof + Ctr+E)s + t3K =o
Prushanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sui Vidya Institute of Technotogy, Rujanukunte, Bangalore
r5
Controls Systems Notes
[Link]
s3 Gr +tq)
.L
€ ro r3h
sl br o
so t3rq,
bt= Jlo -+tolq -l3Y)
lo
br - 2lo - 3lq
to
t+;e byLen: 1- be- 1&L-a-ul C
l3h >o gzo
to
r3rq >o
IE rol
.1ro - 311
lo
)-ro- 3la > o ('.1 3lg < alo
->o
tr{e 2lo
3
lE-< +or
-> {c6 bt-,a- t-o be- gLabte- LY''z- Yor:g e- +-
WEen-
LQfr, o< 19 <To
Prashanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Viclya Institute of Technology,
Rajunukunte, Bangulore
LL
Controls Syslems Notes [Link]
+, r'! odl t9.-'e- -r-o o t7' tb- th4- C'l-ro^=c.c-tern.+ L:>'cra
C tr e-e-rq
€lt obitro S3++s2-+-2sS t bt =O , fra. v e- 'rrcp-l P *- tP
l-no--e- r->f ve- t*-'-c.n S=-1.
f..[z] rnq Cs)
o qo"d [Link] -
$-nl f
-3 -e [Link]; = A.-Lz)
tb tr'f*"
Flt -9':-l :a=o
, i,
Sft=O =7
g= Z-l
?.rb 1., Lf-rr- q Fverz- c--[€. re.n*e-;6hL &[Link]-S'c,.tL-
S =Z-l C)
1z-D3+ + Cz-r)t-t-a5 tz-r) + Be:o
?: -zz? -tzz-t + + lz--rz+D a 2"9 - ?5 *3i =o
z3+\zzi,qz+Bo:o
ze I
z-2- il rt> Fr"> o +t{
[Link]- rr o io tl-"-- *i-r+ t
l''i5r1 Ckzo.n-je-s
)*+ AA L*[Link]-
qv.a-f,altevi UU"
o\urrrrr kaute- o\r tt"@- Ys+ tie-
C + th€- "F
tin Vv-.e- t.k t raa-Ltr
21t^a-Ui c\.rte- 7t<.yoU %. z p\o'n e- .
".t2-
Ce, fo t+t + 3-- -t,
Prushanth N, Asst Prof, Dept of EEE, Sai Vidyo Institute of Technology, Rajunukunte, Bangalore
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Govt. of Karnataka)
Rajanukunte, Doddaballapur Road, Bangalore-560064
Tel: 080-2846 8196, Fax: 2846 8193 / 98, Web: [Link]
DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CONTROL SYSTEMS NOTES (15EC43)
(As per Choice based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme)
IVTH SEMESTER
MODULE-3
Syllabus: Stability analysis: Concepts of stability, Necessary
conditions for Stability, Routh stability criterion, Relative stability
analysis: more on the Routh stability criterion, Introduction to Root-
Locus Techniques, The root locus concepts, Construction of root loci.
Study Material Referred:
Modern Control engineering-K Ogata.
Control Systems Engineering- [Link] and [Link].
Automatic Control Systems-Benjamin C. Kuo.
Linear Control Systems –B S Manke.
Control Systems- Anand Kumar.
VTU Previous year Question papers (2010-2016).
Problems and solution of controls systems -AK Jairath.
Compiled By:
Prashanth N
Assistant professor
Dept. of ECE
Mail : Prashanth09827@[Link]
Phone: +91-9538766317