Factorization
Q1. What is the remainder, if we divide 6x3+ x2 – 2x + 4 by x – 2 ?
Options:
(a) 48
(b) 52
(c) -26
(d) -24
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Let p(x) = 6x3+ x2 – 2x + 4
When, p(x) is divided by x – 2,
Remainder = p(x = 2)
= 6(2)3 + (2)2– 2(2) + 4
= 48 + 4 – 4 + 4 = 52
Q2. f (x + 2) is a factor of 3x3– x2 – px – 4, then the value of p is:
(a) 14
(b) 12
(c) 10
(d) 16
Ans.(d) 16
Explanation:
Let f(x) = 3x3– x2 – px – 4 ...(i)
Since, (x + 2) is a factor of f(x), f(–2) = 0
⇒ 3(–2)3 – (–2)2 – p(–2) – 4 = 0
⇒ –24 – 4 + 2p – 4 = 0
⇒ 2p = 32
⇒ p = 16
Q3. If x – 2 is a factor of 2x3 – x2 – px – 2.
(i) find the value of p
(ii) with the value of p, factorize the above expression completely.
Explanation:
Given expression is 2x3 – x2 – px – 2 and x – 2 is the factor.
(i) x – 2 = 0, x = 2 in expression
2 (2)3 – (2)2 – p (2) – 2 = 0
⇒ 16 – 4 – 2p – 2 = 0
⇒ 10 – 2p = 0
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⇒ p=5
(ii) Putting the value of p, the expression becomes 2x3 – x2 – 5x – 2.
Dividing the expression by (x – 2),
∴ 2x3 – x2 – 5x – 2 = (x – 2)(2x2 + 3x + 1)
= (x – 2) {2x2 + (2 + 1) x + 1}
= (x – 2) (2x2 + 2x + x + 1)
= (x – 2) {2x (x + 1) +1 (x + 1)}
= (x – 2) (2x + 1) (x + 1)
Q4. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥3 + 4𝑥2 − 9𝑥 − 𝑘 is divisible by (3𝑥 + 4) then :
(i) Find the value of 𝑘.
(ii) Factorise: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥3 + 4𝑥2 − 9𝑥 − 𝑘
Explanation:
−4
(i) Here we need to apply factor theorem by putting 3 x+4 = 0 or x = 3
….(i)
⇒ f (x) = 3 ( ) +4( ) −9( )− k = 0
−4 3
3
−4 2
3
−4
3
−64 64
⇒ 9
+ 9
+ 12 − k = 0
⇒ k = 12
(ii) now the polynomial f(x) = 3x3 + 4x2 − 9 x - 12 is divisible by 3 x + 4 .
On dividing we get:
∴f(x) = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
⇒ f(x) = (3x+4) (x3−3)+0 [According: a2−b2 = (a−b)(a+b)]
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⇒ f(x) = (3x+4) (x2 − ( 3)2
⇒ f(x) = (3x+4) (x − 3) (x + 3)
Q5. The expression 2x3 + ax2 + bx – 2 leaves the remainder 7 and 0 when divided by (2x – 3)
and (x + 2) respectively, and calculate the value of a and b. With these values of a and b
factorise the expression completely.
Explanation:
Let P (x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx – 2 when P(x) is divided by 2x – 3
P ( )= 2 ( )
3
2
3 3
2
+ 𝑎 ( )
3 2
2
+ 𝑏 ( )− 2 = 7
3
2
27 9 3
⇒ 4
+ 4
𝑎 + 2
𝑏 − 2= 7
⇒ 9a + 6b = 28 + 8 – 27
⇒ 9a + 6b = 9
⇒ 3a + 2b = 3 …(i)
Similarly when P(x) is divided by x + 2
⇒ x=–2
∴ 2(– 2)3 + a(– 2)2 + b(– 2) – 2 = 0
⇒ – 16 + 4a – 2b – 2 = 0
⇒ 4a – 2b = 18 …(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii)
3a+2b=3
4a–2b=18 (On adding (ii)
7a = 21
a=3
On substituting value of a in equation (i)
3 × 3 + 2b = 3
2b = 3 – 9
−6
b= 2
=− 3
b=–3
a = 3, b = – 3
On substituting value of a and b
2x3 + 3x2 – 3x – 2
When x + 2 is a factor
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2x2 – x – 1 = 2x2 – 2x + x – 1
= 2x (x – 1) + 1 (x – 1)
= (x – 1) (2x + 1)
Hence, required factors are
(x – 1) (x + 2) (2x + 1)
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