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ASSIGNMENT
The following text is for questions 1-3

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood , a big fire, or an earthquake. It usually
causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The causalities are injured or died. Some
people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or stream overflow their banks and pour out into the
surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a
brief time can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding
land is fl at and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky,
heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent
lowland.

In many parts of the world floods are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They
bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the
destruction to the surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept
away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad tracks and buckles are uprooted from their
beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were
invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human
chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from hand to hand to be
poured on the flames.

The damage of fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village,
only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and
neighborhoods before being controlled.

1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

A. An absorbent bed
B. A rocky surrounding
C. A low land
D. A high bank
2. We know from the text that ....
A. River can sweep heavy flood
B. People can make money from flood
C. The destruction by flood is always less severe
D. Typhoons caused heavy flood
3. We know from the text that ....
A. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now
B. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently
C. Fires in big cities are always very big
D. People no longer use buckets to control fire
The following text is for questions 4 to 7
Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes
water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean
waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they
reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the
earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with oftendisastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to
drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This
disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far
out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

4. Tsunami happens because ....

A. The displaced rock pushes water above it
B. A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly
C. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source
D. The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach

5. What are the impacts of tsunami?

A. The part of the Earth’s crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor down to the land
B. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as flooding and loss of lives
C. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean
D. Once tsunami reaches shallow water, the wave never grows very large
6. We understand from the text that tsunami ....
A. Causes the movement of earth
B. Forms a new shape of coastline
C. Makes unfortunate event
D. Rises a new coastal land
7. “... producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface.” The synonym of the underlined word
is....
A. Fast
B. Deep
C. Quick
D. Strong
 The following text is for questions 8 to 11.
All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, so do all other animals.
Perhaps you wonder where all that chemical energy comes from. Why doesn’t the food all get
used up?

The answer is that new food is being grown as fast as old food is used to. It is the green plants that
form the new food. Animals either eat the plants or eat other animals that have eaten plants.

The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight. When it does so, it
changes the energy of the sun into chemical energy. The chemical energy present in sunlit
chlorophyll is used to combine dioxide in the air with water from the soil. Starch and other
complicated compounds are formed. These are high in chemical energy obtained from the sunlit
chlorophyll.

They make up the food on which mankind and all other animals live. In the process of forming
this food, some oxygen atoms are left over. These are given off into the air by the plants. The
whole process is called photosynthesis.

Thus, plants use sunlight to from food and oxygen to from carbon dioxide and water again. Plants
change the sun’s energy into chemical energy. And animals change the animal energy into kinetic
and heat energy.
8. The text is about ....
A. The process of changing chemical energy
B. The formation of carbon dioxide
C. The green substance of plants
D. The process of photosynthesis
9. What will happen when the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight? It will ....
A. Change the sun’s energy into chemical energy
B. Form complicated compound
C. Make use of heat energy
D. Change kinetic energy into chemical energy
10. From the text we know that ....
A. Plant need to heat energy to live
B. All human beings need chemical energy
C. Plants absorb sunlight to produce kinetic energy
D. Chlorophyll is the most important thing in photosynthesis
11. The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. The underlined word in the above is closest in
meaning to ...
A. Core
B. Body
C. Stuff
D. Essence
 The following text is for question 12 to 15.
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of
over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction
when they crash ashore.

These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate
boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water
above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.

Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire," a geologically
active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.

Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. They may even be
launched, as they frequently were in Earth's ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite
plunging into an ocean.

Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour — about as fast as a jet
airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day.
And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.

A tsunami's trough, the low point beneath the wave's crest, often reaches shore first. When it does,
it produces a vacuum effect that sucks coastal water seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors.
This retreating of sea water is an important warning sign of a tsunami, because the wave's crest
and its enormous volume of water typically hit shore five minutes or so later. Recognizing this
phenomenon can save lives.

A tsunami is usually composed of a series waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may
be compounded as successive waves reach shore. People experiencing a tsunami should
remember that the danger may not have passed with the first wave and should await official word
that it is safe to return to vulnerable locations.

Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly
surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
12. Why did the author write the report?
A. To raise people' awareness about tsunami.
B. To warn people about an upcoming tsunami.
C. To warn people about the dangers of tsunami.
D. To inform people about the different types of tsunami.
13. Tsunamis are usually the result of ...
A. The sudden rise or fall of ocean floors
B. Pacific Oceans "Ring of Fire"
C. The awe-inspiring waves
D. Volcanoes
14. From the text, we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...
A. They come after earthquakes
B. They are caused by volcanic eruptions
C. They are tall, fast, forceful and repetitive
D. They have a vacuum effect
15. "Some tsunami do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly
surging tide that inundates coastal areas." (Paragraph 8) The underlined word is closest in
meaning to ...
A. Floods
B. Covers
C. Fills
D. Attacks