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Understanding Rational Numbers and Their Properties

Rational numbers can be expressed as p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0, including fractions and integers. They exhibit closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, while being commutative and associative in these operations as well. Key properties include the additive identity (0) and multiplicative identity (1), along with the distributive property.

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7 views2 pages

Understanding Rational Numbers and Their Properties

Rational numbers can be expressed as p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0, including fractions and integers. They exhibit closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, while being commutative and associative in these operations as well. Key properties include the additive identity (0) and multiplicative identity (1), along with the distributive property.

Uploaded by

prakash2972003
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rational Numbers - Elaborated Classwork Notes

1. Introduction
- Natural numbers: Counting numbers like 1, 2, 3, ...
- Whole numbers: Natural numbers including 0. Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
- Integers: All whole numbers and their negatives. Example: -3, -2, 0, 1, 2
- Rational numbers: Numbers that can be expressed as p/q, where p and q are integers and q = 0.
Examples: -2/3, 5 (which is 5/1), 0 (which is 0/1)
Rational numbers include fractions and integers.

2. Properties of Rational Numbers

2.1 Closure Property


- A set is said to be closed under an operation if performing the operation on members of the set
always produces a member of the same set.
Addition: 1/2 + 1/3 = 5/6 Rational
Subtraction: 5/4 - 3/2 = -1/4 Rational
Multiplication: 2/5 3/4 = 6/20 Rational
Division: 3/4 2/5 = 15/8 Rational (but not if dividing by 0)
- So, rational numbers are closed under +, -, but not under (division by 0 is undefined).

2.2 Commutativity
- Commutative property means changing the order does not change the result.
Addition: 2/3 + 4/5 = 4/5 + 2/3 = 22/15 Yes
Subtraction: 3/4 - 1/2 = 1/2 - 3/4 No
Multiplication: 3/7 2/5 = 2/5 3/7 = 6/35 Yes
Division: 4 2 = 2 4 No

2.3 Associativity
- Associative property means changing grouping doesn't affect the result.
Addition: (1/2 + 1/3) + 1/4 = 1/2 + (1/3 + 1/4) = 13/12 Yes
Subtraction: (5 - 3) - 2 = 5 - (3 - 2) No
Multiplication: (2/3 3/4) 5/6 = 2/3 (3/4 5/6) = 5/12 Yes
Division: (8 2) 4 = 8 (2 4) No

2.4 Role of Zero (Additive Identity)


- Adding 0 to any number gives the same number.
Example: 3/5 + 0 = 3/5, -2/7 + 0 = -2/7

2.5 Role of One (Multiplicative Identity)


- Multiplying any number by 1 gives the same number.
Example: 4/9 1 = 4/9, -3/8 1 = -3/8

2.6 Distributive Property


- a (b + c) = a b + a c
Example: 2/3 (4/5 + 1/5) = 2/3 1 = 2/3
Also: 2/3 4/5 + 2/3 1/5 = 8/15 + 2/15 = 10/15 = 2/3

3. Summary
Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
They are commutative and associative under addition and multiplication.
0 is the additive identity and 1 is the multiplicative identity.
Distributive law: a(b + c) = ab + ac and a(b - c) = ab - ac
There are infinitely many rational numbers between any two rational numbers.

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