Unit 7

SOLUTIONS
Short Questions

Q.1: What is meant by Solution?

Ans: Solution is the name given to a homogeneous mixtue of two or more substances.
For example: Lemonade is the homogeneous mixture of lemon juice , water and sugar , so it
is a solution. It is a solution in which solvent is water and the sloutes are sugar and lemon
juice.

Q.2: What are the two main components of solution?

Ans: There are two components that make up solutions :

i. Solute
ii. Solvent

Solute : A solute is a material that dissolves and is present in smaller amounts.

Solvent : A solvent is substance in which the solute dissolves and is present in higher
amounts than the solute. For Example : A very common solvent is water. It is known as
Universal solvent.

Q.3: What are aqueous solutions?

Ans: Aqueous solutions are those in which water serves as the solvent. For Example: Sugar
solution, salt solution and mineral water.

Q.4: How a solution is formed?

Ans: A solution is formed when particles of a solute dissolve in a solvent. They are too
minute to be seen in a homogeneous mixture.

Q.5: What happens to the sugar when we add 5 grams of sugar to 100
grams of water?

Ans: We are adding 5 grams of sugar to 100 grams of water.

Step 1: Interaction
Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.
Water molecules surround the sugar molecules and pull them apart, helping the sugar
dissolve.

Step 2: Final State

 The sugar completely dissolves and can no longer be seen.

 The mixture looks clear and is called a homogeneous solution.
 The volume does not increase much, because sugar fits in the spaces between water
molecules.

Solution

The sugar dissolves in the water, forming a clear, even mixture (solution) where sugar is
spread throughout the water without a big increase in volume.

Q.6: Define Homogenous Mixture?

Ans: A mixture is said to be homogenous mixture if its composition is constant throughout.

For example: Salt water is a homogenous mixture.

Explanation: When a solute dissolve in a solvent , the solute breaks apart into smaller
particles that mix completely and evenly with the particles of the solvent. That is why a
solution is homogeneous, that is, its color, density, appearance and other physical and
chemical properties are the same in every part of the solution.

Q.7: What are the applications of Solvents and Solutions in our daily life?

Ans: The following are some of the beneficial uses for solvents and solutions in

i. Industry
ii. Medicine
iii. Agriculture
iv. Households
Industry
 Water is an essential ingredient in the production of food, beverages, textiles, soaps,
and detergents.
 It is also used for cleaning and cooling.
 Alcohol, Turpentine and other solvents are used to produce paints, inks and dyes.
 A number of solid-solid solution alloys are used in the car, machine, aerospace and
construction industries.
Medicine
 To improve the taste of medicines, sugar solution are sometimes added. For example:
Cough syrups and drinks that have vitamin C.
 At a time, a combination of different medications is required to treat illness.
 One method is to combine the all in common solvent.
Agriculture
 Water dissolves mineral salts and fertilisers so that plants can consume them.
  The roots of plants using hydroponics are submerged in liquids having dissolved
mineral salt.
Households
 Water is used for cooking, drinking, washing, bathing, cleaning and many other
activities.
 Water is used to dissolve detergents and many types of stains.

Q.8: Define Solubility?

Ans: Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance or a solute that can

dissolved in a 100 gm of solvent. For example: solubility in water is the amount
of solvent that is dissolved in 100 gm of water at a given temperature.

Q.9: Differentiate between Saturated and Unsaturated Solution?

Saturated Solution Unsaturated Solution

Definition: Definition:

A saturated solution is one in which, at a A solution is said to be unsaturated when the

particular temperature, the maximum solute has entirely dissolved in the solvent,
quantity of solute has been in the solvent . leaving nothing behind.

Example: Example:

In a saturated solution of saltwater, a In an unsaturated solution of sugar water, a

concentration of half mg/L (0.5 mg/L) would concentration of half mg/L (0.5 mg/L) who
mean that no more salt can dissolve at that would indicate more sugar can still dissolve
temperature, and then solution is already at in the water, and the solutions has not
its maximum. reached its maximum solubility yet.

Q.10: Write factors that affect solubility of a solute in a solvent.

Ans: The following factors may affect solubility of a solute in a solvent:

i. Chemical makeup or the nature of the solute and the solvent.

ii. Temperature
iii. Pressure
Nature of the solvent and solute
 Different solvents and solutes have varing degrees of solubility.
 Some solvents can dissolve certain solutes more effectively than others due to
differences in their chemical properties.
Temperature
 Increasing the temperature of a solvent can increase the solubility of most
solutes. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy for the
solvent molecules to overcome intermolecular forces and effectively interact
with the solute. For Example: the solubility of carbon dioxide in soda water
decreases when the temperature increases.
 Pressure

 Gases dissolved in liquids, the solubility is influenced by the pressure of the

gas.
 In most cases, increasing the pressure of the gas above the liquid leads to
higher solubility.

Q.11: How does the solubility affected by the chemical structure of the
solute or the solvent?

Ans: Chemical substances with similar properties will dissolve in one another. The
likelihood of solubility between two dissimilar compounds is less likely than that between
similar ones.

 Water and oil share the property of being liquids, they have different chemical
compositions.
 It results in the separation of the layers of water and oil.
 Oil floats on top of the water because water molecules are more closely packed
together, causing them to fall to the bottom.
 Oil and water do not mix. For instance, oil spills at sea might leave a thin layer of oil.

Q.12: How does the solubility change as the temperature rises?

Ans: Solubility means how much of a substance (like sugar or salt) can dissolve in a liquid
(usually water).

When the temperature goes up, solubility usually increases. That means more of the
substance can dissolve in hot water than in cold water.

Example:

Imagine you're making lemonade:

 If you add sugar to cold water, only a little bit dissolves.

 But if you add the same sugar to hot water, much more sugar dissolves quickly.

This happens because heat gives the molecules more energy. They move faster and help
break the substance apart better.

Q.13: Why is hot water needed to dissolve sugar?

Ans: In hot water, more sugar may dissolve. This is due to the solubility increasing as the
temperature rises. Temperature is often a factor in a solute’s ability to dissolve in a solvent.

On contrast to solids dissolving in liquids, the solubility of a gas in water tends to decrease as
temperature rises. The solubility of gases increases with decreasing temperature.
Ans 2: When we heat water, more sugar can dissolve in it. That’s because when the water
gets hotter, it helps break the sugar apart faster. So, solubility (the ability to dissolve)
increases with temperature for most solids like sugar or salt.

But for gases (like the bubbles in soda), it’s the opposite.

When water gets hotter, gases don’t dissolve well and escape into the air. That’s why a cold
soda has more fizz than a warm one. Gases dissolve better in cold water than in hot water.

Q.14: How does solubility change when pressure rises?

Ans: Changes in pressure have little impact on the solubility of solids and liquids. However,
solubility in gases increases as temperature rises. Liquids and gases combine to generate
solutions. Gas solute is squeezed into solvent as pressure increases. At greater pressure, gases
are more soluble. For example: CO2 is soluble in water at standard atmospheric pressure, but
when the water surface is exposed to increased pressure, a significant amount of CO2 gas
dissolves in it.

Q.15: Difference between Diluted and concentrated solutions.

Diluted Solutions Concentrated Solutions

Definition: Definition:

 A diluted solution is one in which the  A concentrated solution is one in

quantity of solute dissolved in the which the quantity of solute dissolved
solution is relatively low. in the solution is relatively high.
 The amount of solvent is relatively  The amount of solvent is relatively
higher. lower as compared to dilute solution in
a given amount of solution.

For Example: Diluted Saltwater; If you For Example: Concentrated Sugar Syrup:
take a glass of saltwater and gradually add A concentrated sugar syrup solution contains a
more water to it, the concentration of salt high concentration of dissolved sugar
decreases, resulting in a diluted saltwater molecules. It is commonly used in the food
solution. The taste of salt becomes less and beverage industry as a sweetening agent
pronounced as the solution becomes more and in the preparation of desserts and
diluted. beverages.

Q.16: Which factors affect the speed of dissolving substances?

Ans:

 Temperature
 Stirring
  Grinding

Q.17: Define supersaturated solution.

Ans: It contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same
temperature. This is an unstable state, and adding a "seed crystal" (a small amount of the
solute) can trigger rapid crystallization of the excess solute.

OBJECTIVE
1. Circle the correct option:

What is the solution called when it contains more solute than its capacity to dissolves?

a. Saturated

b. Unsaturated

c. Aqueous

d Supersaturated

Medicinal drugs are bitter in taste hence they are added with?

a. Salt

b. Sugar

c. Water

d. Dry ice

The solution in which water is used as solvent is called?

a. Ether Solution

b. Carbolic Solution

c. Aqueous Solution

d. Alcoholic Solution

The solubility of a substance in a solvent depends on:

a. Temperature

b. Pressure

c. Nature of Solute & Solvent

d. All of the above

In aqueous solution which of the following is most the soluble solute?

a. Sugar

b. Chalk

c. Sand

d. Oil

2. Examples of solutions are shown below. Name the solution, solute and solvent in each
example.

i) lodine is dissolved in alcohol to create a tincture of iodine, an antiseptic.

a. Solution:

b. Solvent:

c. Solute:

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a few noble gases dissolved in nitrogen make up air,

a. Solution:

b. Solvent:

c. Solute:

Carbon dioxide, sugar, and other ingredients are dissolved in water to create fizzy drinks.

a. Solution:

b. Solvent:

c. Solute:

The composition of gold jewellery is 80% gold, 20% silver, and other metals.

a. Solution:

b. Solvent Gold

c. Solute:

3. Differentiate between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.

4. What is the effect of increasing temperature on solubility of solids in liquids?

5. How does the nature of solutes have an effect on the solubility?

6. Read the following statements. Are they true or false?

i) The substance that is present in a higher level in a solution is known as a solute. (T/F)

ii) There is no upper limit to the quantity of solute that can dissolve in a particular solvent.
(T/F)

iii) Stirring the mixture may hasten the solute's dissolution. (T/F)

iv) The likelihood of solubility between two similar substances is less likely than that
between dissimilar substances. (T/F)

v) When the solute entirely dissolves in the solvent, leaving nothing behind, the result is
known as an unsaturated solution. (T/F)
 Unit 9
WAVES AND ENERGY
Short Questions

Q.1: Define Wave.

Ans: A wave can be described as vibration and disturbance in a medium that carries energy
from one place to another without the transfer of the medium or matter itself.

For Example:

i. Water waves
ii. Waves in a slinky
iii. Waves in a rope
iv. Waves in a musical instrument
v. Waves in X-ray

Waves can travel in different ways. Some ways require a medium to transfer energy while
others travel in empty space. Waves are classified into two types

1. Mechanical Waves
2. Electromagnetic Waves

Q.2: What is meant by Mechanical waves?

Ans: Mechanical waves are waves that travel across material mediums like solids, liquids,
or gases at a speed that depends upon the properties of the material medium through which
they are travelling. Mechanical waves cannot pass through vacuum.

For Example:

i. Sound waves
ii. Seismic Wave
iii. Tsunami
iv. Jump Rope Wave
v. Ripple in Water

There are two kinds of mechanical waves : Longitudinal Waves and Transverse Waves.

Q.3: What is meant by Electromagnetic waves?

Ans: An electromagnetic wave can travel in a vacuum and does not necessarily need a
material medium to do so. For Example: Radio waves, light waves, TV waves, x-rays,
gamma rays, mobile phone waves, etc. All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves and
have the speed of light that is 3x10 m/s through space.

Q.4: Difference between Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves.

Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves

Cannot be transmitted through a vacuum. Can be transmitted even through vacuum.
They require a material medium (Solid, They do not require material medium for
liquid and gas) for propagation. propagation.
Are caused by the vibrations of the particles Are caused by the effect of electric and
of the material media through which they can magnetic field in the space.
pass.
Mechanical waves have low speed. Electromagnetic waves have high speed.
Have long wavelengths. Have short wavelength.
Can be longitudinal or transverse waves. Only transverse in nature.

Q.5: What is meant by Longitudinal Waves?

Ans: A kind of mechanical wave is said to be longitudinal if the displacement of its

particles is parallel to the wave's direction of propagation. The waves cause the particles in
the medium to oscillate in the same direction as the waves.
Sound waves are an example of longitudinal wave.

Q.6: How many regions of Longitudinal Waves? Define Them.

Ans: In a longitudinal wave, there are regions known as rarefactions and compressions.
Compression refers to the areas along the wave where the pressure is high and the particles
are close together.
Rarefaction refers to the areas along the material medium where the pressure is low and the
particles are farther apart.

Q.7: What is meant by Transverse Waves?

Ans: A wave is said to be transverse if the direction in which it is propagating or travelling

is perpendicular to the direction in which the particles are moving.
Example of a mechanical transverse wave could be water waves.

Q.8: How many regions of Transverse Waves? Define Them.

Ans: A transverse wave has crests and troughs.

Crests are the parts of the wave which have maximum upward displacement or are highest
points that the medium rises to in the wave.
Troughs are the parts of the wave which have maximum downward displacement or the
lowest point that the medium sinks to in the wave.

Q.9: Difference between Longitudinal and Transverse Waves.

Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves

The particle moves in the same direction as The movement of the particle is
the wave. perpendicular to the direction of wave.
It has compressions and refractions. It has crests and troughs.
The movement of particles is usually parallel The particles are displaced perpendicular to
to the (movement of energy). The direction the direction of the travelling wave.
of the traveling wave.

Q.10: How many characteristics of waves are there?

Ans: There are certain characteristics of waves that distinguish a wave from another similar
wave, for example the amplitude, wavelength, the frequency or the time period of the wave.

 Amplitude
 Wavelength
 Time Period
 Frequency

Q.11: What is meant by Amplitude?

Ans: Amplitude is the maximum displacement of the medium or the particles or undergone
in a wave from their mean or original position. This value, known as the amplitude, gives us
information about the magnitude of the waves (big or small). Alternately, amplitude may be
defined as the height of the crest or the depth of the trough of the wave. Amplitude is
measured in units of length. It is symbolised by the letter A and measured in metres (m).

Q.12: Define Wavelength.

Ans: The distance between two points on a wave that are in the same phase of vibration is
referred to as the wavelength, and it is measured in metres (m). It is denoted by the Greek
letter lambda.

Wavelength can also be defined as the distance that separates two consecutive crests or
troughs of a wave.

Q.13: What is meant by Time Period?

Ans: The time required to generate one full wave, vibration, oscillation, cycle, or motion
that moves back and forth is referred to as the time period. It is denoted by T and is
measured seconds.
Q.14: What is meant by Frequency?

Ans: The number of full waves, vibrations, oscillations, or cycles that are undergone in a
second is referred to as the frequency of waves. It is denoted by the letter f and is expressed
in hertz (Hz). Human beings are able to hear in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

If there are 100 entire vibrations produced in one second, then the frequency is 100 Hz
However, if there are only five complete cycles, waves, or vibrations produced in one second
then the frequency is only 5 Hz.

Q.15: What is the relationship between frequency and time period?

Ans: To figure out the frequency, we just count how many vibrations happen every second.
For instance, if the duration of a vibration is 0.1 second (meaning that it takes 0.1 second for
one vibration to occur), then the frequency of the vibration is 10 vibrations per second, also
known as 10 hertz.

When the period is quite long, the frequency is not very high (relatively few vibrations
each second).
When the period is short, the frequency tends to be rather high (lots of vibrations each
second).

In mathematical terms, we may express this relationship as "The frequency is inversely

proportional to the period". When the period is doubled, the frequency is reduced by one
half.

Q.16: What are Sound waves?

Ans: Sound waves are mechanical vibrations that make alternate rarefaction and
[Link] any physical medium (air mainly) through which the sound wave travels.
Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. Sound waves travel in a straight line and the
medium's molecules move back and forth, or longitudinally. Therefore, sound waves are
longitudinal waves.

Q.17: Write properties of Sound waves?

Ans: The sound is created when we hit something, beat the drum, or pluck the guitar string,
if we observe closely, we can see that the guitar strings and the surface of the drum vibrate in
response to disturbance.

Sound is produced by vibrating bodies and sound waves travel away from the vibrating body
i.e., transfer energy from one place to another.

Q.18: Differentiate between Infrasound and Ultrasound.

Infrasound Ultrasound
Sounds with frequencies below 20 Hz are Sounds with frequencies above 20,000 Hz
called infrasound. are called ultrasound.

Q.19: How Pitch can be measured?

Ans: The Pitch is measured through frequency. When an object vibrates very fast, it
produces a high pitch sound. When an object vibrates slowly it has a low frequency thereby
producing a low pitch sound.
Form the comparison, short and thick strings produce high pitch and frequency while long
and thick strings produce low pitch and frequency.

Q.20: What is meant by loudness?

Ans: Loudness refers to how loud or soft a sound seems to the listener. The loudness of the
sound is determined, by the intensity of the sound waves. The louder the sound the more
energy it carries. The loudness is measured in units called decibels (dB).

Q.21: What is the relationship between Frequency and Wavelengths?

Ans: The wavelength of a high frequency sound wave is shorter than that of the low
frequency sound wave.

Q.22: Differentiate between Loudness and Pitch.

Loudness Pitch
The quality of sound that allows one to The quality of sound that allows one to
differentiate between sounds that are loud differentiate between sounds that are shrill
and those that are soft is referred to as and those that are flat is referred to as the
loudness. pitch.
The amount of energy that is taken in by the Pitch is independent of the energy received
ear in a given amount of time is the primary by the ear per unit of time.
determinant of loudness.
Loudness depends on the amplitude of the Pitch does not depend on the amplitude of the
wave. wave.
There is no correlation between the changes As the frequency rises, the shrillness of the
infrequency and the levels of loudness. sound increases/pitch increases.

Q.23: What is meant by Echo?

Ans: The most common locations where we hear an echo include hill stations and
mountains, the bottom of wells, by walls of empty rooms and halls, etc. When we speak in an
empty hall, we hear our own sound again and again. This soft reflected sound is called an
echo.
An echo is a sound produced when sound waves are reflected off of a surface and returned to
the listener. It is the sound that has been reflected, and it reaches the listener after the original
sound has passed.
Q.24: What are necessary conditions for hearing the echo?

Ans: An echo is heard only if the distance between the person producing the sound and the
rigid obstacle is long enough to allow the reflected sound to reach the person at least 0.1
second after the original sound is heard.

Q.25: What we hear thunder after lightning?

Ans: Lightning appears earlier and thunder appears later because sound travels at a speed of
about 330 m/s while light travels at a speed of 300,000,000 m/s. A sound wave cannot
travel as quickly as a light wave. As a result, we first see the lightning. Since the sound of
the lightning travels farther and is therefore audible later.

OBJECTIVE
Circle the correct option.

i) The frequency of a wave is the of waves passing a given point per second

a. Wavelength

b. Number

c. Speed

d. Amplitude

ii) What is the lowest point in a transverse wave called?

a. Peak

b. Phase

c. Crest

d. Trough

iii) What is transferred by the movement of waves?

a. Electrons

b. Water

c. Energy

d. Matter
iv) What type of wave does NOT need matter to travel through?

a. Transverse

b. Longitudinal

c. Electromagnetic

d. Mechanical

v) Water waves are examples of what types of waves?

a. Transverse

b. Longitudinal

c. Electromagnetic

d. Short

Answer the following question:

Write at least two differences between mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

Differentiate a transverse from a longitudinal wave.

What is the relationship between the pitch and frequency of sound?

Define the loudness of sound. List the factors on which the loudness of sound depends.

Define the following terms, wavelength, amplitude, frequency, crest, trough, compression
and rarefaction.

Write answers of the following questions in detail:

Explain why sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

Explain the relationship between time period and frequency of waves.

Define the pitch of sound. Write down the factors that affect pitch.

What is an echo and how is it formed?

 Unit 12
Earth and Space
Short Questions

Q.1: What is meant by Solution?

Ans: Gravity is the attraction between two physical objects. For large objects like planets,
this gravitational pull is quite prominent. The force of gravity is often known as gravitation. It
affects all material objects in the universe. The force of gravity tends to attract any two
objects or particles with non-zero mass toward one another.
Newton's law of gravitation developed by Sir Isaac Newton.

Q.2: What is the relationship between gravity of sun and planets?

Ans: The gravity of the sun is quite strong due to its size. As a result, the gravitational force
of the sun has an impact on the planets. The planets cannot be drawn into the sun by this
gravitational force. However, it is sufficient for the planets to orbit around. If the sun's
gravity were to abruptly disappear, these planets would start moving straight in the direction
of their speed. Therefore, gravity compels planets to travel in orbits.

The Sun's gravity pulls the planets in orbit around it, and some planets pull moons in orbit
around them. Even spacecraft are in motion through the solar system, either in orbit the Earth
or Moon, or traveling to farther worlds, because of gravitational forces.

Q.3: What is the relationship between the Earth and the Moon?

Ans: A satellite is a moon planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. The moon a cur
places natural satellite. Similar to how the Sun pulls the Earth towards it, the Earth also
applies the same force of gravity on the Moon to revolve it around itself. That is why the
moon orbits around the Earth.

Q.4: What is meant by Gravity Well?

Ans: A gravity well is the pull of gravity that a large body in space exerts. The larger the
body (the more mass) the more of a gravity well it has. The Sun has a large (or deep) gravity
well. Asteroids and small moons have much shallower gravity wells.
Q.5: Differentiate between Mass and Weight of the body.

Mass Weight
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in Weight is a measurement of how the force of
a material. gravity works upon a mass.
m or M are used to indicate mass. The SI Unit of mass is the Newton.
The SI Unit of mass is the Kilogram.

Q.6: How can you explain the weight of the body on earth?

Ans: The force with which the Earth attracts anything towards its centre is the weight of the
body on Earth. W typically stands for weight.

Weight is defined as mass times the gravitational acceleration (g).

The SI unit of weight is Newton
W= m x g
W =Weight in Newton
m= Mass in kilograms
g= The acceleration caused by gravity which will differ everywhere.

Q.7: What are the values of gravity on Earth and Moon?

Ans: On Earth, the value of g is 9.81 m/s² but for our convenience, we use 10 m/s².
The value of g on the moon is 1.6m/s².
This is why the weight of an object will differ across the universe but the mass remains
constant.

Q.8: Will the weight of the body change if it is shifted from Earth to Moon?

Ans: Yes, the weight of a body would change if it were shifted from Earth to the Moon.
The Gravity on the moon is 6 times lesser than that on Earth, and the weight will be almost 6
times lesser, too. The Moon's gravity is much less than the Earth's gravity approximately one-
sixth. So, a 100 kg astronaut weighs 980N on Earth, On the Moon, the astronaut would weigh
only 162.21. However, the astronaut's mass is 100kg) where ever they are:

Weight on Earth: 100kg x 9.8m/s² = 980N

Weight on Moon: 100kg x 1.622 m/s² = 162.2N.

Q.9: What is the relationship between Moon and the tides?

Ans: The rise and fall of water levels in rivers, lakes, and seas are known as tides. When the
sea level reaches its highest point, high tides are visible in the ocean and a low tide occurs
when the water level is at its lowest point.
Q.10: Differentiate between Polar Day and Polar Night.

Polar Day Polar Night

When the Sun is above the horizon for longer In the northernmost and southernmost parts
than 24 hours, the opposite phenomenon the of the planet, a phenomenon known as the
polar day, or midnight sun occurs. polar night causes the night to last longer
than 24 hours.

Q.11: What is the significance of the Earth’s Rotation?

 The diurnal cycle of light and dark, fluctuations in temperature, and changes in
humidity are caused by the rotation of the Earth.
 Ocean and sea tides are a result of the Earth's rotation.

Q.12: What is meant by Revolution?

Ans: A revolution is a fixed-path rotation of the Earth around the Sun. The Earth rotates
counterclockwise, that is, from west to east. Around one year or precisely 365.242 days pass
during one Earth revolution around the Sun. The earth rotates at a rate of 30 km/s.

Q.13: Why revolution is important?

 Seasons are a result of the revolution.
 Perihelion and aphelion are produced by revolution. The Earth's closest approach to
the Sun is known as perihelion. When the Earth is far from the Sun, aphelion occurs
 The various day and nighttime lengths directly influenced the revolution. At the
equator the length of the day and night is equal. The equinox occurs at this time. In
the Northern and Southern hemispheres, the length of the day and night varies.
Solstices are what cause this.

Q.14: Define Constellation.

Ans: A constellation is a known pattern of stars in the night sky when seen from the Earth.

Q.15: What is the relationship between Hemispheres and Rotation around

the Sun?

Ans: Due to the tilt of the earth, there are two main hemispheres:
The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
When the tilted axis of the Earth is facing the sun, the Northern Hemisphere receives the
majority of direct sun rays, making summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the
Southern Hemisphere.

The Southern Hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight when the South Pale is tilted
towards the sun (the tilted axis is away from the sun), hence it is summer in the Southern
Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
 OBJECTIVE
Circle the correct option.

St unit of weight is

A. Newton

b. Kilogram

c. Metre per second

d. Pascal

If a 20 kg mass is lifted from Earth to the moon. What is its mass on the moon?

A. 20 kg

b. 2 kg

c. 4 kg

d. 3.2 kg

If the value of g on a planet is 25 m/s then what is the weight of 2 kg body on it?

a. 25 N

b. 50 N

c. 75 N

d. 150 N

If it's winter in the southern hemisphere of the Earth then which weather is in the northern
hemisphere?

a Summer

b. Winter

c Spring

d. Autumn

v) Which of the following is involved in producing tides in the ocean?

a. Gravitational pull of the moon on earth

b. The gravitational pull of the sun

c. Rotation of earth

d. All of these

Answer the following short questions.

Differentiate between the mass and weight of the body.

What is the gravitational field strength difference in value between the Earth and the Moon?

The body's total mass is 50 kg, then determine how much it weighs on the Moon, Describe
what the phrases Earth's axis, hemisphere, and equator mean.

Describe the constellation. Why does the position of a constellation change over the year?
Describe briefly how axial tilt is utilised to change the seasons on Earth,

There would not have been a shift in the seasons on Earth if there was not an axial tilt
Reasonably support or refute this assertion.

How does the Sun maintain the planets orbits? What will happen to the Moon, which is
spinning around the Earth, if the gravity between the two suddenly vanishes?
Describe how seasons in Earth's hemispheres are related to Earth's annual movement around
the Sun.