WORK & ENERGY (c) Satellite moving around the earth- No, Gravity force F acts perpendicular to the

oving around the earth- No, Gravity force F acts perpendicular to the earth.
Some Important SI units:- 08. Seema tried to push a heavy rock of 100 kg for 200 seconds but could not move it. Find the work done by
(1) Distance/Displacement - mtr (m) (5) Momentum (P) mv- kgm/s (9) Power-Watt (joule/s) Seema at the end of 200 s?
(2) Speed/Velocity - m/s (ms-1 ) (6) Work & Energy - joule (J) (10) 1 unit of electricity=1kWh Ans:- Since, the displacement of rock is zero, hence work done is 0.
(3) Acceleration - m/s2 (ms-2 ) (7) Frequency - Hertz (Hz)
09. A pair of bullock exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed 15 m long. How much work is
(4) Force/Weight -Newton (N) kgm/s2 (8) Wavelength - mtr (m)
done in ploughing the field?
01. Define the term work. State the condition of work. Write its expression. Soln:- Given, Force = 140N Displacemtn (s) = 15m
Whenever a force acts on a body and the body moves in the direction of the force this act is called Work. Work done = Force x Displacement = 140 x 15 = 2100 J Ans.
(a) It is a scalar quantity.
(b) It has only magnitude no direction. ENERGY
There are two conditions of work:- 10. Define the term energy.
(i) A force should act on the body. Ans:- The capacity or ability of doing work is called energy.
(ii) The body must move in the direction of the force. (a) Amount of energy is equal to the amount of work.
Expression:- Work = Force X Displacement in the direction of the force (F X s) (b) It is a scalar quantity.
Its SI unit is Joule (J). (c) Its SI unit is same as work Joule (J)
(d) 1 joule energy is the energy of doing 1 joule of work. (What is 1 joule energy?)
02. 1 Joule work means?
1 Joule work means, when a force of 1 Newton act on a body and body moves 1 mtr in the direction of the force, this is 11. What is the relationship between work and energy?
called 1 Joule. Ans:-Relationship between work and energy:- Whenever work is done, the object that does work losses energy and the
1 Joule = 1 Newton X 1 Mtr distance. 1 J = 1 Nm. object on which work is done, gains energy.
1 kilo Joule (kJ) =1000J=103 J For example:- When kick a ball, we lose energy and the ball gains an equal amount of energy.
6
1(Mega Joule) MJ=10 J 12. Write the different forms of energy?
Ans:-Energy has many forms:- (a) Mechanical energy, (b) Chemical energy, (c) Nuclear energy,
03. How does the work done is measured? (e) Electric energy, (f) Magnetic energy (g) Light energy, (h) Heat energy, (i) Sound energy,
When a force F acts on a body and the body moves in the direction (j) Wind energy
of the force distance s. Thus work measured is equal to the magnitude 13. What is mechanical energy? What are its two forms?
of the force (N) multiplied by the distance (s) moved in the direction Ans:- The energy produced by mechanical means is called mechanical energy. It has two forms;
of the force. (1) Kinetic Energy (The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion)
(2) Potential Energy (The energy possessed by a body due to its position or change in shape)
04. What are Positive, Negative & Zero Work?
(a) Positive Work:- If a force acts on a body in the direction of displacement, this is called Positive work.
14. Define Kinetic Energy. Give some example of Kinetic energy.
W=F x s
Ans:- The energy possessed by a body (due to) by virtue of its motion is called Kinetic energy.
Example- (a) When a body falls freely under gravity.
(a) Work stored in a moving body is called Kinetic energy.
(b) When a horse pulls a cart.
(b) It is measured by the amount of work before it comes to rest.
(b) Negative work:- If the force acts on a body in the opposite of the direction of displacement, this is called
1
Negative Work. W=F x (-s) (c) Kinetic Energy (Ek)= mv
Example:- (a) When a body is lifted/thrown up, (work done by gravity) 2
(b) When a brake is applied
Examples:- (a) A moving ball has KE (b) Moving bullets has KE (c) A runner has KE
(d) A running car has KE (e) A falling stone has KE (f) An arrow flying through the air.
(c) Zero Work:- If the force is perpendicular to the displacement or If the force acts on a body and no
15. Drive an expression of kinetic energy?
displacement in the direction of the force happened this is called zero work.
Ans:- We know that Kinetic Energy (Ek) = work done = F s ………………….(i)
W=Fx0=0
Example:- (a) When a person holding a weight, Let a body having mass =m
(b) When a person pushing a rock and is unable to move. Initial velocity u =0
Applied a force on the body =F
05. How is the work measured when a body moves in a direction inclined to the direction of the applied force? Acceleration produced =a
Ans:- Work = F s cos θ (Where F= force. s=Displacement & Cos θ is the angle of displacement) Final velocity =v
Distance covered by the body= s
If θ = 00 then, cos θ=¿1 (max work)
According to Newton’s 2nd law of motion;
if θ = 90 0
then, cos θ=¿0 (min work) F=ma ……………………….........(ii)
We also know that,
06. Is any work done in uniform circular motion? Or, If a body is moving in circular path. How much work is
done by centripetal force? v2 = u2 + 2as, or, v2 - u2 = 2as or, v2 - 0 = 2as
Ans:- During circular motion, centripetal force F acts perpendicular to the center. Therefore angle between force and or, v2 = 2as,
displacement is 900. v2
Hence W = F x s cos 900 or, s = …………………………….(ii)
=F x s x 0 = 0 (Since, cos 900 = 0) 2a
07. State the reason whether work is done or not; Now Putting the value of (ii) & (iii) in (i)
(a) A body moving in a circular path- No, Centripetal force F acts perpendicular to the center.
(b) A man is holding 40 kg over his head – No, because no displacement happened.
 v2 1 2 1
Kinetic Energy (Ek) = m a x = mv 25 J = m ×25 Hence, mass (m) = 2 kg
2a 2 2
16. State two factors on which Kinetic energy depends upon? (a) Now velocity (v) = 5x2=10 m/s
1 2 1 2
Ans:- Since, Kinetic Energy (Ek) = m v , Hence it depends upon two factors; KE = mv
2 2
(i) Kinetic energy directly proportional to the mass of the body. Ek=m 1
(ii) Kinetic energy directly proportional to the square of the velocity. Ek= v2 = x 2 ×100 = 100 J (Ans)
* Velocity or speed of a body has more important role than mass of the body.
2
17. If a light and heavy object have the same momentum (P), find out the ratio of their kinetic (b) Again, velocity (v) = 15 m/s
energy? Which one has a larger kinetic energy? 1 2
KE = mv
Ans:-Let Light object has mass =m1 and heavy object mass =m2 2
m1 ¿ m2
1
m1 = x 2 ×225 = 225 J (Ans)
¿1 2
m2 21. Define Potential energy.
m2 Ans:- The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or change in shape is called potential energy.
¿ 1………………………………(i) (a) Water stored in a dam or in tank on the roof has the potential energy.
m1
(b) A stretched bow has the potential energy.
For light object of mass = m1 It is of two types:-
Momentum (P1 )=mass x velocity=m1v (i) Gravitational Potential energy:-Energy due to its position above the ground.
2 2 2
1 m1 v P1 (ii) Elastic Potential energy :- Energy due to change of its shape and size.
Kinetic Energy E1 = m1 v2 = = --------------------(ii) Its expression is PE = m g h (Where m= mass, g= acceleration due to gravity, h= Height)
2 2 m1 2m 1 22. Explain that the flying bird has both potential and kinetic energy.
Heavy object mass=m2 Ans:- Since the bird is flying above the ground therefore it is possessing a potential energy.
Momentum (P2)= m2v PE = m g h
2 2 2 Since the bird is in motion therefore it is possessing a kinetic energy.
1 m2 v P2
Kinetic Energy E2 = m2 v2 = = --------------------(iii) 1 2
2 2 m2 2m 2 KE = mv
2 2
E 1 P 1 × 2m 2 m2 23. Write the kinetic, potential or both energy against each?
= = (P1=P2)
E 2 2 m1× P22 m1 Ans:- (a) A ceiling fan which is switched off-
(b) A man climbing a hill- Kinetic energy
E 1 m2 (c) A fling bird – Kinetic & potential both energy.
∴ = Ans
(d) Water in the reservoir in the dam-Potential energy
E 2 m1
(e) A stretched rubber lying on the table-Potential energy
(f) A watch with needle-Potential energy.
E1 24. A boy weighing 50 kg climbs up a height of 100m. Calculate the amount of work done by him.
Or, >1 ∴ E1 ¿ E 2, Lighter object has more kinetic energy. How much potential energy does he gain? (g=0.9m/s2)
E2
Ans:-Mass (m) = 50 kg g= 9.8 m/s2, Height (h) = 100m.
18. When a car and a truck are moving with same speed. Which one has more kinetic energy?
Work done by the boy =m g h
Ans:- Since Velocity is same
=50 x 9.8 x 100 J =49000 J =49kJ
Then heavy mass object Truck has more KE
Gin in PE = Work don =49 J
19. An object of mass 15 kg is moving with 4 m/s, what will be the kinetic energy?
Soln:- Mass of the object = 15 kg ENERGY TRANSFORMATION & CONSERVATION
Velocity v = 4 m/s 25. What kind of energy transformation takes place when a body is dropped from a certain height?
1 2 1 1 Ans:- (i) A ball possesses potential energy gradually changes into kinetic energy due to motion.
KE = m v = ×15 × 4 2 = = ×15 × 16 = 120 J (iii) On reaching near the ground, whole potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
2 2 2 (iv) On hitting the ground the kinetic energy converted into light, sound and heat energy.
20. The Kinetic energy of an object of mass m moving with the velocity of 5 m/s is 25 J.
26. What kind of energy transformation in following devices?
(a) What will be the kinetic energy when its velocity is doubled?
(a) Electric heater -Electrical energy into heat energy
(b) What will be the velocity when its velocity is increased three times?
(b) Electric motor - Electrical energy into mechanical energy
1 2 (c) Electric cell -Chemical energy into electrical energy
Soln:- Initial KE = mv
2 (d) Hydroelectric power station-Mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 (e) Dynamo- Mechanical energy into electrical energy. 35. An engine supplies 24kJ of energy per minute. What is the power of the engine?
(f) Headphone/Loudspeaker-Electrical energy into sound energy. Ans:- Energy =
(g) Microphone – Sound energy into electrical energy 35. A woman pulls a bucket of water of total mass 5 kg from a well which 10 m depth in 10 second.
(h) Steam engine -Heat energy into mechanical energy. Calculate the power used by her?
(i) Solar battery -Solar energy into Electrical energy. Ans:- Mass= 5 kg, g= 9.8m/s2 = 10m/s2, h= 10m, Time = 10s
(j) Gas stove burner -Chemical energy into heat and light energy. Work= m g h = 5 x 10 x 10 Joule.
(k) Release an arrow from bow-PE into KE Work m g h 5 X 10 X 10
(L) Tuning of an FM radio receiver-Electrical energy into sound energy. Power = Power = = = =50 J/s= 50 W
(m) Going up in an escalator- Electrical energy into PE Time Time 10
(n) Moving of a car –Chemical energy into heat energy into KE 36. A electric heater of 1000 W is used for 2 hours a day. What is the cost of using it for a month of 28
27. State the law of energy conservation? days. If 1 unit cost is ₹ 3 only?
Anst:-This law states that, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed only be converted from one form Ans:- Power (P) = 1000 watt = 1kW
to another. Total time =2 X 28 = 56 hours.
28. Water stored in a dam is used to produce electric power. Explain various types of energy Total energy consumed = P X t = 1kw X 56h = 56 kWh = 56 unit
transformation taking place in the process? Since, 1 unit cost = ₹ 3
Ans:- (a) As the water falls, its PE changes into KE. Then, 56 unit cost= 3 X 56 = ₹168
(b) KE runs the turbines of the electric generator.
37. If an electric iron of 1200 W is used for 30 minutes every day. Find the electric unit consumed in
(c) Turbines in turns, convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
April? If 1 unit cost is ₹ 5, find the total cost?
RATE OF DOING WORK CALLED POWER Ans:- Power (P) = 1200 watts =1200/1000 kW.
29. Define the term Power? Total Time=30 X 30/60 hours
Ans:- The rate of doing work or rate of transfer of energy is called Power. 1200 30
It is also called activity. Total energy consumed = P X t = X 30 X =18kWh = 18 unit.
(a) If an agent does work W in time t, Then the rate of doing work = Work/ Time=Power 1000 60
Hence Power=Work/Time, P=W/t Since, 1 unit = ₹ 5
(b) SI unit of power is watt (W), i.e. Joule/second (Js-1) (c) Power is also a scalar quantity. Then, 18 unit = 5 X 18 = ₹ 90
30. What is average power?
Ans:-Average power is the ratio of total energy consumed and total time taken.
Total energy consumed
Average Power=
Total Time taken
31. Define 1 watt of power?
Ans:- 1 watt means one can work at the rate of one joule in 1 second.
1 joule
1 watt= = 1 J/s = 1 Js-1
1 second
1 kilowatt (kW)=1000 watt
1 megawatt (MW)=106 watt
1 Horse power (H.P)=746 watt
32. An electric bulb is rated 15 watts. What does it means?
Ans:-It means, this bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 15 joule per second.

33. Name the commercial unit of energy? Establish the relationship between commercial unit and SI
unit of energy?
Ans:- commercial unit of energy is called kilowatt hour. It is written like kWh.
1kWh = 1000 watts X 1 hour
= 1000 J/s X 3600 second
= 36 X 105 J = 3.6 X 104 J
Relationship= The energy used in household, industries and commercial establishment is expressed in terms of unit
in hour monthly bills.
1 unit = 1 kilowatt hour (kWh)
34. A lamp consumes 1000 J of electrical energy in 10 s. What is the power?
Ans:- Work = 1000 J, Time= 10s
Work 1000 J
Hence, Power = = = 100 J/s= 100 W
Time 10 s