D”P gva¨wgK ● A_©bxwZ (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

Aa¨vq-10: gy`ªv I e¨vsK

1. ÔKÕ †`kwU evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi jvMvgnxb FY †c‡h‡Q| Z_v gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| myZivs
cÖ`vb Kvh©µg m¤úªmvi‡Yi d‡j mv¤úªwZKKv‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi jvMvgnxb FY cÖ`vb
`ªe¨g~‡j¨i Ici we‡kl cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq| Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó n‡q‡Q|
djkÖæwZ‡Z †`kwUi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †LvjvevRvi bxwZ N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ÔKÕ †`kwUi gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y
I e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©‡bi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ I e¨vsK nvi
K. gy`ªvi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? cwieZ©‡bi bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡j gy`ªvùxwZ n«vm cv‡e|
L. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq A‡_©i g~j¨ ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki w¯’wZkxj A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
n«vm †c‡j `ªe¨g~‡j¨i Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? gy`ªvi †hvMvb wbqš¿Y Avek¨K| ZvB gy`ªvùxwZi g‡Zv
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Lvjv
M. ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ m„wói wcQ‡b evwYwR¨K evRvi bxwZ I e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ Abymv‡i
e¨vsKB `vqx- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY cÖ`vb ÿgZv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
N. D³ cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cv‡i|
M„nxZ bxwZ `ywU Kxfv‡e Kvh©Kix n‡e Zv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K m„ó FY gy`ªv †hvMv‡bi Ab¨Zg
we‡kølY K‡iv| Ask nIqvq e¨vsK nvi evov‡bv n‡j ÔKÕ ‡`kwU‡Z
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A‡_©i †hvMvb n«vm cv‡e| d‡j `vg¯Íi n«vm cv‡e|
K. GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b †h Avevi †Lvjv evRv‡i mivmwi FY cÎ weµq Ki‡j
cwigvY bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K gy`ªvi †µZviv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Zv‡`i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
Pvwn`v e‡j| †PK †K‡U FY c‡Îi g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i| Avi
L. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm †K›`xq e¨vsK GB †P‡Ki A_© evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
†c‡j `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e| Mw”QZ AvgvbZ †_‡K Av`vq K‡i| Gi d‡j
mvaviYZ Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v w¯’i †i‡L A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv FY cÖ`v‡bi ÿgZv n«vm cvq|
Kiv n‡j A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w× cvq Ges A‡_©i †hvMvb Z_v †`kwU‡Z A‡_©i †hvMvb n«v‡mi gva¨‡g `vg¯Íi
e„w× †c‡j `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq| A_©vr A‡_©i n«vm cvq|
g~j¨ A‡a©K Kiv n‡j A‡_©i †hvMvb wظY n‡e| Avi Kv‡RB ejv hvq, ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿‡Y
A‡_©i †hvMvb I `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg¯ÍiI wظY n‡e| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Lvjv evRvi I e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
Kv‡RB ejv hvq, A‡_©i g~j¨ I `ªe¨g~‡j¨i g‡a¨ bxwZ h‡_ó f~wgKv ivL‡e|
wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb| ZvB A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm †c‡j
`vg¯Íi evo‡e| 2. ÔKÕ †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY 5000, e¨vsK m„ó
M. ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ m„wói wcQ‡b evwYwR¨K gy`ªv 3000, Dfq gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ 4, µq-weµ‡qi
e¨vsKB `vqx| Rb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY 4000| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b
wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY n‡Z Rvbv, A‡_©i ÔKÕ †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi †hvMvb
†hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg¯Íi mggyLx m¤úK© wظY n‡jv|
we`¨gvb| A_©vr A‡_©i †hvMvb evo‡j `vg¯Íi evo‡e| K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j?
†hLv‡b A‡_©i †hvMvb n‡jv cÖPwjZ †bvU ev avZe gy`ªv L. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ †K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq
Ges e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv †hgb- †PK, wewbgq wej, FYcÎ †Kb?
BZ¨vw`i mgwó| M. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡K
DÏxc‡K jÿ Kiv hvq, ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z evwYwR¨K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv|
e¨vsK¸‡jv jvMvgnxb FY cÖ`vb Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i
K‡i‡Q| A_©vr †`kwU‡Z e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv Z_v FY Gi g~‡j¨i wecixZ m¤úK© Aviwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i
cwigvY e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Gi djkÖæwZ‡Z †`kwUi gy`ªv cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wfw³‡Z we‡kølY K‡iv|
†gvU †hvMvb e„w× cvIqvq `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg¯Íi e„w× 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e¨vsK Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU
n‡Z AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i Ges ¯^í‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb
K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j|
L. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki hveZxq `vwqZ¡ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
cvjb K‡i _v‡K G Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK e‡j|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ggb GKwU e¨vsK †hwU †`‡ki gy`ªv
evRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e gy`ªv I e¨vsK e¨e¯’v‡K
wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ miKvi KZ©„K m‡e©v”P
Dc‡ii wP‡Î A‡_©i †hvMvb (M1) 20 GKK †_‡K
ÿgZvcÖvß nq| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡i
(M2) 40 GKK n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm1) 8 GKK
AwffveK Ges gy`ªv cÖPjb I wbqš¿‡bi GKK ÿgZvi
AwaKvix nIqvq G‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq| †_‡K K‡g (Vm2) 4 GKK nq| A_©vr †hvMvb wظY
M. wb‡P wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K cÖ`Ë Kiv n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K nq|
Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z `vg¯Íi wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|
wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY n‡Z cvIqv hvq, 3. wg. ÔKÕ GKRb A_©bxwZ wel‡qi cÖfvlK| wZwb †kÖwY
K‡ÿ gy`ªvi g~j¨ I `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
MV + M΄V΄ = PT
MV+M΄V΄ Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb weL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` Gi e³e¨
ev, P = M = wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY †ck K‡ib| e³e¨wU n‡jv: gy`ªvi µqÿgZv I
T
M΄= e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv `vg¯Íi wecixZfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY
V = wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ n‡j `ª‡e¨i `vg¯Íi wظY nq wKš‘ g~j¨ A‡a©K nq|
V΄ = e¨vsK gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx?
T = µq-weµq cwigvY L. e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e gy`ªvi †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ
K‡i?
M. DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ e³e¨wUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
ZË¡wU Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z gvb ewm‡q, N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvc Pvi¸Y n‡j
(5000 ×4)+(3000×4) gy`ªvi g~j¨ KZ n‡e? MvwYwZK D`vnvi‡Yi
`vg¯Íi (P) =
32000
4000 gva¨‡g we‡kølY K‡iv|
= 4000 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
=8 K. ‡h A_© miKv‡ii AvBb Øviv ¯^xK…Z Ges †jb‡`‡bi
AZGe wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K gva¨g wn‡m‡e mK‡ji Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ Zv‡K wewnZ
DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë wb‡Y©q `vg¯Íi 8 GKK| gy`ªv e‡j|
N. A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© L. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b Øviv †K›`xq e¨vsK F‡Yi
we`¨gvb| A_©vr A‡_©i †hvMvb evov‡bv n‡j A‡_©i cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i, gy`ªvi †hvMvb wbqš¿Y K‡i|
g~j¨ n«vm cvq Ges Kgv‡bv n‡j g~j¨ e„w× cvq| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb †`‡k gy`ªvi †hvMvb Kgv‡Z Pvq
wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡ ejv nq, A‡_©i cÖPjb ZLb F‡Yi cwigvY Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨vsK nvi evovq|
MwZ I `ªe¨mgMÖx †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY w¯’i †_‡K A‡_©i Gi d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
†hvMvb †h nv‡i I †hw`‡K cwiewZ©Z nq mvaviYZ wbKU n‡Z FY wb‡Z A‡cÿvK…Z AwaK nv‡i my` w`‡Z
`vg¯ÍiI †mB nv‡i I †mB w`‡K cwiewZ©Z nq| ZvB nq e‡j Zviv Zv‡`i cÖ‡`q F‡Yi Rb¨ my`nvi
A‡_©i g~‡j¨I GKB nv‡i wKš‘ wecixZ w`‡K evovq| G Ae¯’vq FYMÖnxZviv Kg cwigv‡Y FY wb‡j
cwiewZ©Z nq| A_©vr †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡j¨i A‡_©i †hvMvb K‡g hvq| Avevi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k
wecixZ m¤úK© cwijwÿZ nq| gy`ªv †hvMvb evov‡Z †P‡q e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jv Kg my‡`i nv‡i AwaK FY w`‡Z mnvqZv
K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨³e¨wU A_©bxwZwe` wdkv‡ii Kv‡RB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ wdkv‡ii A‡_©i
A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| wewbgq ZË¡ Abymv‡i †jb‡`b I `vg¯Íi w¯’i †i‡L
wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡byhvqx, Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v A‡_©i cwigvY GK-PZz_©vsk|
AcwiewZ©Z _vKv Ae¯’vq A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_
`vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© nq mggyLx I mgvbycvwZK Ges 4. wg. Kwig GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib hv‡K gy`ªv
A‡_©i g~‡j¨i mv‡_ m¤úK© nq wecixZgyLx| evRv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq| e¨vsKwU †bvU cÖPj‡bi
GK‡PwUqv AwaKvi †fvM K‡i| Zvi fvB wg. mvjvg
Aci GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib hv RbM‡Yi KvQ
†_‡K AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges ¯^í I ga¨†gqvw`
FY`vb K‡i|
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. gy`ªv Kx ïay wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡eB KvR
K‡i?
M. wg. Kwig I wg. mvjvg †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vs‡K
aiv hvK, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q A‡_©i cwigvY wظY KvR K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
n‡jv| G Ae¯Ívq `vg¯ÍiI wظY Ges A‡_©i g~j¨ N. wg. Kwi‡gi e¨vs‡Ki wZbwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR
A‡a©K n‡e| Avevi A‡_©i cwigvY A‡a©K n‡j `vg¯Íi Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
n‡e A‡a©K I A‡_©i g~j¨ n‡e wظY| myZivs ejv 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
qvq, wdkv‡ii ZË¡byhvqx `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i g~j¨ K. GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv †h cwigvY cY¨ ev
ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| `vg¯Íi Kg‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ ev‡o †mev µq Kiv hvq Zv‡K A‡_©i g~j¨ ejv nq|
Ges `vg¯Íi evo‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ K‡g| L. gy`ªv n‡jv me©Rb¯^xK…Z I m‡e©vrK…ó wewbg‡qi
wP‡Î jÿ Kiv hvq, `vg¯Íi (P2) †_‡K K‡g (P1) gva¨g|
n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm2) †_‡K †e‡o (Vm1) nq| Z‡e, eZ©gv‡b gy`ªv wewbg‡qi gva¨g QvovI Av‡iv
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨wU wdkv‡ii wewbgq ZË¡‡KB Ab¨vb¨ KvR K‡i| †hgb- g~‡j¨i cwigvcK, m‡qi
cÖKvk K‡i| evnb, ¯’wMZ †jb‡`‡bi gvb, F‡Yi wfw³ BZ¨vw`|
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvY Pvi¸Y n‡j gy`ªvi g~j¨ ZvB ejv nq gy`ªv ïay wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR
GK-PZz_©vsk n‡e| K‡i bv|
cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wewbgq mgxKiY n‡jv, M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. Kwig †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Ges wg. mvjvg
MV = PT M = wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib|
𝑃T ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU e¨vsK hv miKv‡ii
ev, V = V = wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ wbqš¿Yvax‡b †_‡K gy`ªv evRv‡i AwffveK wn‡m‡e
𝑀
P = `vg¯Íi KvR K‡i| GB e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv †bvU cÖPjb
T = µq-weµq cwigvY Kiv I Gi g~j jÿ n‡jv RbKj¨vY| Ab¨w`‡K
Awi, M= 125, P = 40 Ges T = 25 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GK Avw_©K cÖwZôvb hv
40×25 gybvdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K A_© AvgvbZ
Zvn‡j, V = 125
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Ges wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯^í‡gqvw`
=8
FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
GLb P I T w¯’i †i‡L A‡_©i cwigvY (M) †K 4 DÏxc‡K jÿ Kiv hvq, wg. Kwig †h e¨vs‡K KvR
¸Y Kiv n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ n‡e, K‡ib †mwU gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK Ges †bvU
40×25
V = 4×125 =2 cÖPj‡b GK‡PwUqv ÿgZvi AwaKvix| myZivs wg.
1
A_©vr A‡_©i g~j¨ 4 ¸Y| Kwi‡gi e¨vsKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| Ab¨w`‡K, wg. mvjvg
†h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †mwU RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K
AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯^í‡gqvw` FY
cÖ`vb K‡i| myZivs G e¨vsKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
N. wg. Kwig †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib| wb‡P †K›`ªxq ev‡o| Kv‡RB ejv hvq, RbM‡Yi Avq e„w× †c‡j
e¨vs‡Ki wZbwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR eY©bv Kiv n‡jv: A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm bv †c‡q eis e„w× cvq|
1. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv †`‡ki RbMY M. A_©bxwZwe` Aviwfs wdkvi Zvi A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡
I e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †bvU ev cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †h mgxKiY cÖ`vb
avZe gy`ªv cÖPjb Kiv| K‡ib Zv wewbgq mgxKiY bv‡g cwiwPZ| mgxKiYwU
2. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy`ªv evRv‡i AwffveK wb¤œiƒc:
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| gy`ªv evRv‡i cwiPvjK I MV = PT M = wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY
wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e G e¨vsK †`‡k gy`ªv I F‡Yi MV
ev, P = V = wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ
cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i, gy`ªv mieivn w¯’wZkxjZv T
iÿv, wewbgq nvi wba©viY I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi P = `vg¯Íi
Kvh©vewj ch©‡eÿY K‡i| T = µq-weµq cwigvY
3. gy`ªv mieiv‡ni Ici wewa-wb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i G mgxKi‡Y †`Lv hvq, M, V I T Gi gvb Rvbv
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k `vg¯Íi w¯’wZkxjZv iÿv _vK‡j P Gi gvb mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv hvq| G wn‡m‡e
K‡i| G D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡i DÏxc‡K M, V I T Gi †h gvb¸‡jv †`Iqv Av‡Q
gy`ªv mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i| Zvi wfw³‡Z gvb ewm‡q,
wg. Kwi‡gi e¨vsKwU DcwiD³ Kvh©vewj c~iY QvovI 100×5
P = 10
RbKj¨v‡Y Av‡iv A‡bK Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|
= 50
5. A_©bxwZwe` Aviwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡, A_©vr `vg¯Íi P = 50|
M = 100, V = 5, T = 10 N. A_©bxwZwe` Aviwfs wdkv‡ii g‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó
GLv‡b, M = wewnZ gy`ªv, T = †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY mg‡q A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V) I evwYwR¨K †jb‡`b
Ges V = cÖPjb MwZ| (T) Gi cwigvY w¯’i _vK‡j A‡_©i cwigvY (M) Gi
K. A_© Kx? mv‡_ `vg¯Íi (P) Gi m¤úK© nq mgvbycvwZK| ZLb
L. RbM‡Yi Avq e„w× †c‡j A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm) Gi m¤úK© nq
cvq-e¨vL¨v K‡iv| wecixZ| G Ae¯’vq A‡_©i cwigvY wظY n‡j A‡_©i
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z `vg¯Íi wbY©q g~j¨ A‡a©K nq| GLb DÏxc‡Ki wewfbœ Z‡_¨i
K‡iv| †cÖwÿ‡Z A‡_©i cwigvY 100 †_‡K 200 n‡j A‡_©i
N. DÏxc‡K M Gi gvb 200 n‡j A‡_©i Ici Kx g~‡j¨i Ici Zvi cÖfve wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv| M V T P = MV Vm =
1
T P
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 100×5 1
100 5 10 P = Vm = 50
K. hv wewbg‡qi mvaviY gva¨g, FY MÖnY I cwi‡kv‡ai 10
Dcvq, g~‡j¨i cwigvcK I m‡hi evnb wn‡m‡e =50 =0.02
miKvi KZ…K © cÖewZ©Z mK‡ji wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq 200 5 10 P = 10
200×5
Vm = 100
1
Zv‡K A_© ejv nq|
=100 =0.01
L. A‡_©i Pvwn`v I Av‡qi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb
_vKvq RbM‡Yi Avq e„w× †c‡j A‡_©i Pvwn`vi Dc‡ii †Uwe‡j †`Lv hvq, V I T w¯’i Ae¯’vq M
cwigvY e„w× cvq| e„w× ‡c‡q wظY n‡j `vg¯ÍiI e„w× †c‡q wظY nq|
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b †h ZLb A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm †c‡q A‡a©K nq|
cwigvY bM` A_© nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K A‡_©i
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