Gluteal Region Muscles

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY
Gluteus Outer surface Iliotibial tract Inferior L5, S1, S2 Extends and
maximus of ilium, and gluteal gluteal nerve laterally
Sacrum, tuberosity of rotates hip
Coccyx femur joint, through
Sacrotuberous iliotibial tract,
ligamet it extends
knee joint
Gluteus Outer surface Lateral surface Superior L5, S1 Abducts thigh
medius of ilium of greater gluteal nerve at hip joint,
trochanter of when walking
femur to permit
opposite leg
to clear
ground
Gluteus Outer surface Anterior Superior L5, S1 Abducts thigh
minimus of ilium surface of gluteal nerve at hip joint,
greater tilts pelvis
trochanter of when walking
femur to permit
opposite leg
to clear
ground
Tensor fascia Iliac crest Iliotibial tract Superior L4, L5 Assists gluteus
latae gluteal nerve maximus in
extending
knee joint

Priformis Anterior Upper border First and L5, S1, S2 Lateral rotator
surface of of greater second sacral of thigh at hip
sacrum trochanter of nerves joint
femur

Obturator Inner surface Upper border Sacral plexus L5, S1 Lateral rotator
internus of obturator of greater of thigh at hip
membrane trochanter of joint
femur

Gemellus Spine of Upper border Sacral plexus L5, S1 Lateral rotator

superior ischium of greater of thigh at hip
trochanter of joint
femur
Gemellus Ischial Upper border Sacral plexus L5, S1 Lateral rotator
inferior tuberosity of greater of thigh at hip
trochanter of joint
femur

Quadratus Lateral border Quadrate Sacral plexus L5, S1 Lateral rotator

femoris of ischial tubercle of of thigh at hip
tuberosity femur joint

Muscles of Anterior Fascial Compartments of Thigh

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY

Sartorius Anterosuperior Upper medial Femoral nerve L2, L3 Flexes,

iliac spine surface of abducts and
shaft of tibia laterally
rotates thigh
at hip joint;
flexes and
medially
rotates leg at
knee joint
Iliacus Iliac fossa of With psoas Femoral nerve L2, L3 Flexes thigh
hip bone into lesser on trunk; if
trochanter of thigh is fixed,
femur it flexes the
trunk on thigh
as in sitting up
from lying
down
Psoas Transverse With iiliacus Lumbar plexus L1, L2, L3 Flexes thigh
processes, into lesser on trunk; if
bodies, and trochanter of thigh is fixed,
intervertebral femur it flexes the
discs of 12th trunk on thigh
thoracic and as in sitting up
five lumbar from lying
vertebrae down
Pectineus Superior Upper end of Femoral nerve L2, L3 Flexes and
ramus of pubis linea aspera of (sometimes adducts thigh
shaft of femur obturator at hip joint
nerve)
Quadriceps Femoris

Rectus Straight head: Quadriceps Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 Extension of

Femoris Anteroinferior tendon into leg at knee
iliac spine patella, then joint; flexes
Reflected via thigh at hip
head: ligamentum joint
Ilium above patellae into
acetabulum tubercle of
tibia
Vastus Upper end Quadriceps Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 Extension of
lateralis and shaft of tendon into leg at knee
femur patella, then joint
via
ligamentum
patellae into
tubercle of
tibia
Vastus Upper end Quadriceps Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 Extension of
medialis and shaft of tendon into leg at knee
femur patella, then joint;
via stabilizes
ligamentum patella
patellae into
tubercle of
tibia
Vastus Anterior and Quadriceps Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4 Extension of
intermedius lateral tendon into leg at knee
surfaces and patella, then joint;
shaft of femur via articularis
ligamentum genus retracts
patellae into synovial
tubercle of membrane
tibia

Muscles of Medial Fascial Compartment of Thigh

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY
Gracilis Inferior ramus Upper part of Obturator L2, L3 Adducts thigh
of pubis, shaft of tibia nerve at hip joint,
ramus of on medial flexes leg at
ischium surface knee joint
Adductor Body of pubis, Posterior Obturator L2, L3, L4 Adducts thigh
longus medial to surface of nerve at hip joint
pubic tubercle shaft of femur and assists in
(linea aspera) medial
rotation
Adductor Inferior ramus Posterior Obturator L2, L3, L4 Adducts thigh
brevis of pubis surface of nerve at hip joint
shaft of femur
(linea aspera)
Adductor Inferior ramus Posterior Adductor L2, L3, L4 Adducts thigh
magnus of pubis, surface of portion: at hip joint
ramus of shaft of Obturator and assists in
ischium , femur, nerve medial
ischial adductor Hamstring rotation;
tuberosity tubercle of portion; hamstring
femur Sciatic nerve portion
extends thigh
at hip joint
Obturator Outer surface Medial surface Obturator L3, L4 Laterally
externus of obturator of greater nerve rotates thigh
membrane trochanter at hip joint
and pubic and
ischial rami

Muscles of Posterior Fascial Compartment of Thigh

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY

Biceps femoris Long head: Head of fibula Long head: L5 S1, S2 Flexes and
Ischial Tibial portion laterally
tuberosity of sciatic rotates leg at
nerve knee joint;
long head
also extends
thigh at hip
joint
Short head: Head of fibula Short head: L5, S1, S2
Linea aspera, Common
lateral fibular
supracondylar portion of
ridge of shaft sciatic nerve
of femur
Semitendinosus Ischial Upper part of Tibial portion L5, S1, S2 Flexes and
tuberosity medial of sciatic medially
surface of nerve rotates leg at
shaft of tibia knee joint;
extends thigh
at hip joint
Semimembranosus Ischial Medial Tibial portion L5, S1, S2 Flexes and
tuberosity condyle of of sciatic medially
tibia nerve rotates leg at
knee joint;
extends thigh
at hip joint
Adductor magnus Ischial Adductor Tibial portion L2, L3, L4 Extends thigh
(Hamstring tuberosity tubercle of of sciatic at hip joint
portion) femur nerve

Muscles of Anterior Fascial Compartment of Leg:

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY
Tibialis Lateral surface Medial Deep fibular L4, L5 Extends foot
anterior of shaft of cuneiform and nerve at ankle joint;
tibia and base of first inverts foot at
interosseus metatarsal subtalar and
membrane bone transverse
tarsal joints;
holds up
medial
longitudinal
arch of foot
Extensor Anterior Extensor Deep fibular L5, S1 Extends toes;
digitorum surface of expansion of nerve extends foot
longus shaft of fibula lateral four at ankle joint
toes

Fibularis Anterior Base of fifth Deep fibular L5, S1 Extends foot

tertius surface of metatarsal nerve at ankle joint;
shaft of fibula bone everts foot at
subtalar and
transverse
tarsal joints

Extensor Anterior Base of distal Deep fibular L5, S1 Extends big

hallucis longus surface of phalanx of nerve toe; extends
shaft of fibula great toe foot at ankle
joint; inverts
foot at
subtalar and
transverse
tarsal joints
Muscles of Lateral Fascial Compartments of Thigh:

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY
Fibularis Lateral surface Base of first Superficial L5, S1, S2 Plantar flexes
longus of shaft of metatarsal fibular nerve foot at ankle
fibula and the joint; everts
medial foot at
cuneiform subtalar and
transverse
tarsal joints;
supports
lateral
longitudinal
and transverse
arches of foot
Fibularis Lateral surface Base of fifth Superficial L5, S1, S2 Plantar flexes
brevis of shaft of metatarsal fibular nerve foot at ankle
fibula bone joint; everts
foot at
subtalar and
transverse
tarsal joint;
supports
lateral
longitudinal
arch of foot
Muscles of Posterior Fascial Compartments of Leg

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY
Superficial Group

Gastrocnemius Lateral head Via tendo Tibial nerve S1, S2 Plantar flexes
from lateral calcaneus into foot at ankle
condyle of posterior joint; flees
femur and surface of knee joint
medial head calcaneum
from above
medial
condyle
Plantaris Lateral Posterior Tibial nerve S1, S2 Plantar flexes
supracondylar surface of foot at ankle
ridge calcaneum joint; flexes
knee joint
Soleus Shafts of tibia Via tendo Tibial nerve S1, S2 Together with
and fibula calcaneus into gastrocnemius
posterior and plantaris
surface of is powerful
calcaneum plantar flexor
of ankle joint;
provides main
propulsive
force in
walking and
running
Deep Group

Popliteus Lateral surface Posterior Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1 Flexes leg at
of lateral surface of knee joint;
condyle of shaft of tibia unlocks knee
femur above soleal joint by lateral
line rotation of
femur on tibia
and slackens
ligaments of
joint
Flexor Posterior Bases of distal Tibial nerve S2, S3 Flexes distal
digitorum surface of phalanges of phalanges of
longus shaft of tibia lateral four lateral four
toes toes; plantar
flexes foot at
ankle joint;
supports
medial and
lateral
longitudinal
arches of foot
Flexor hallucis Posterior Base of distal Tibial nerve S2, S3 Flexes distal
longus surface of phalanx of big phalanx of big
shaft of fibula toe toe; plantar
flexes foot at
ankle joint;
supports
medial
longitudinal
arches of foot
Tibialis Posterior Tuberosity of Tibial nerve L4, L5 Plantar flexes
posterior surface of navicular bone foot at ankle
shaft of tibia and other joint; inverts
and fibula and neighboring foot at
interosseus bones subtalar and
membrane transverse
tarsal joints;
supports
medial
longitudinal
arch of foot

Sole Muscles:

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ACTION

SUPPLY ROOT
First Layer

Abductor Medial Base of Medial S2, S3 Flexes and abducts

hallucis tuberosity of proximal plantar nerve big toe; braces
calcaneum phalanx of medial longitudinal
and flexor big toe arch
retinaculum
Flexor Medial Four tendons Medial S2, S3 Flexes lateral four
digitorum tubercle of to four plantar nerve toes; braces medial
brevis calcaneum lateral toes and lateral
inserted into longitudinal arches
borders of
middle
phalanx;
tendons
perforated by
those of
flexor
digitorum
longus
Abductor Medial and Base of Lateral S2, S3 Flexes and abducts
digiti minimi lateral proximal plantar nerve fifth toe; braces
tubercles of phalanx of lateral longitudinal
calcaneum fifth toe arch
Second Layer

Quadratus Medial and Tendon of Lateral S2, S3 Assists flexor

plantae lateral sides flexor plantar nerve digitorum longus in
of calcaneum digitorum flexing lateral four
longus toes
Lumbricals(4) Tendons of Dorsal First S2, S3 Extends toes at
flexor extensor lumbrical: interphalangeal
digitorum expansion; medial joints
longus bases of plantar
proximal nerve;
phalanges of Remainder:
lateral four lateral
toes plantar nerve
Flexor Posterior Base of distal Tibial nerve S2, S3 Flexes distal
digitorum surface of phalanges of phalanges of lateral
longus tendon shaft of tibia lateral four four toes; plantar
toes flexes foot at ankle
joint ; supports
medial and lateral
longitudinal arches
of foot
Flexor hallucis Posterior Base of distal Tibial nerve S2, S3 Flexes distal phalanx
longus tendon surface of phalanx of of big toe; plantar
shaft of fibula big toe flexes foot at ankle
joint; supports
medial longitudinal
arch of foot
Third Layer

Flexor hallucis Cuboid, Medial Medial S2, S3 Flexes

brevis lateral tendon into plantar nerve metatarsophalangeal
cuneiform, medial side joint of big toe;
tibialis of base of supports medial
posterior proximal longitudinal arch
insertion phalanx of
big toe;
lateral
tendon into
lateral side of
base of
proximal
phalanx of
big toe
Adductor Oblique head Lateral side Deep branch S2, S3 Flexes
hallucis bases of of base of lateral metatarsophalangeal
second, third, proximal plantar nerve joint of big toe;
and fourth phalanx of holds together
metatarsal big toe metatarsal bones
bones;
transverse
head from
plantar
Ligaments
Flexor digiti Base of fifth Lateral side Lateral S2, S3 Flexes
minimi brevis metatarsal of base of plantar nerve metatarsophalangeal
bone proximal joint of little toe
phalanx of
little toe

Fourth Layer

Interossei

Dorsal (4) Adjacent Bases of Lateral S2, S3 Abduction of toes;

sides of proximal plantar nerve flexes
metatarsal phalanges; metatarsophalangeal
bones First; medial joints and extends
side of interphalangeal
second toe; joints
remainder:
lateral sides
of second,
third, and
fourth toes
and also
dorsal
extensor
expansion
Plantar (3) Inferior Medial sides Lateral S2, S3 Adduction of toes;
surfaces of of bases of plantar nerve flexes
third, fourth, proximal metatarsophalangeal
and fifth phalanges of joints and extends
metatarsal lateral three interphalangeal
bones toes joints
Fibularis Lateral Base of first Superficial L5, S1, S2 Plantar flexes foot at
longus tendon surface of metatarsal fibular nerve ankle joint; everts
shaft of fibula and medial foot at subtalar and
cuneiform tranverse tarsal
joints; supports
lateral longitudinal
arches of foot
Tibialis Posterior Tuberosity of Tibial nerve L4, L5 Plantar flexes foot at
posterior surface of navicular ankle joint; inverts
tendon shaft of tibia bone and foot at subtalar and
and fibula neighboring transverse tarsal
and bones joints; supports
interosseus medial longitudinal
membrane arch of foot

Dorsum Muscle:

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE NERVE ROOT ACTION

SUPPLY

Extensor Anterior part By four Deep fibular S1, S2 Extend toes

digitorum of upper tendons into nerve
brevis surface of proximal
calcaneum phalanx of big
and from the toe and long
inferior extensor
extensor tendons to
retinaculum second, third,
and fourth
toes