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95
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

DPHW Sample Project

96
97
98
 APPENDIX B

Table of Results and Calculations

Table 5.1 Design Mix of Grading B Asphalt Per Sample

Grading B Bituminous Wearing Course

(Amount for 3 Samples)

% Total LDPE Bitumen Lime Bitumen

Content Mass of Content Content (g) Content, %
Sample (g) with by wt. of mix
(g) LDPE (g)

0% 1200 0 64 13 5.33

6% 1250 3.84 64 12 5.12

8% 1276 5.12 66 13 5.17

10% 1300 6.4 68 12 5.23

Table 5.2A Sieve Analysis Results (Control Mixture)

Sieve Analysis of Control Mix (Grading B)

Sieve Size (mm) Passing Percentage Result Specification

25.4 100 100

19 96 95-100

99
12.5 79 68-86

9.5 71 56-78

#4 (4.75) 53 38-60

#8 (2.36) 36 27-47

#6 (1.18) 21 18-37

#30 (0.60) 13 11-28

#50 (0.30) 10 6-20

#200 (0.075) 2 0-8

Pan 0

Table 5.2B Sieve Analysis Results (6% LDPE Content)

Sieve Analysis for 6% Mixture (Grading B)

Sieve Size (mm) Passing Percentage Result Specification

25.4 100 100

19 96 95-100

12.5 79 68-86

9.5 71 56-78

#4 (4.75) 53 38-60

100
#8 (2.36) 38 27-47

#6 (1.18) 22 18-37

#30 (0.60) 13 11-28

#50 (0.30) 9 6-20

#200 (0.075) 3 0-8

Pan 0

Table 5.2C Sieve Analysis Results (8% LDPE Content)

Sieve Analysis for 8% Mixture (Grading B)

Sieve Size (mm) Passing Percentage Result Specification

25.4 100 100

19 96 95-100

12.5 79 68-86

9.5 71 56-78

#4 (4.75) 53 38-60

#8 (2.36) 38 27-47

#6 (1.18) 21 18-37

#30 (0.60) 13 11-28

101
#50 (0.30) 9 6-20

#200 (0.075) 3 0-8

Pan 0

Table 5.2D Sieve Analysis Results (10% LDPE Content)

Sieve Analysis for 10% Mixture (Grading B)

Sieve Size (mm) Passing Percentage Result Specification

25.4 100 100

19 96 95-100

12.5 79 68-86

9.5 71 56-78

#4 (4.75) 53 38-60

#8 (2.36) 38 27-47

#6 (1.18) 22 18-37

#30 (0.60) 13 11-28

#50 (0.30) 10 6-20

#200 (0.075) 3 0-8

Pan 0

102
 Table 5.3A Bulk Specific Gravity Results

Bulk Specific Gravity

LDPE Samples Dry SSD Submerged SSD-Submerged Gm

Content

1 1248 1259 752 507 2.462

2 1244 1256 748 508 2.468

0%
3 1241 1252 746 506 2.453

Average: 2.579

1 1054 1063 633 430 2.451

2 1114 1127 672 455 2.448

6%
3 1062 1075 613 462 2.458

Average: 2.452

1 1008 1021 597 424 2.377

2 1026 1036 603 433 2.370

8%
3 1186 1197 696 501 2.367

Average: 2.371

1 1277 1293 748 545 2.343

2 1261 1275 736 539 2.340

10%
3 1085 1099 637 462 2.348

103
 Average: 2.344

Dry- Mass of mix in Air SSD - Mass of Saturated Surface Dry

Submerged- Mass of mix in Water Gm - Bulk Specific Gravity mix

Table 5.3B Air Voids Results

Air Void Percent

LDPE Samples % Gse Gb Gt Gm Gt-Gm Vv

Content Content
of Binder

1 5.33 2.817 1.03 2.579 2.462 0.117 4.54

2 5.33 2.817 1.03 2.579 2.468 0.111 4.30

0%
3 5.33 2.817 1.03 2.579 2.453 0.126 4.89

Average: 4.58

1 5.12 2.817 1.03 2.587 2.451 0.136 5.26

2 5.12 2.817 1.03 2.587 2.448 0.139 5.37

6%
3 5.12 2.817 1.03 2.587 2.458 0.129 4.99

Average: 5.21

104
 1 5.17 2.817 1.03 2.585 2.377 0.208 8.05

2 5.17 2.817 1.03 2.585 2.370 0.215 8.32

8%
3 5.17 2.817 1.03 2.585 2.367 0.218 8.43

Average: 8.27

1 5.23 2.817 1.03 2.583 2.343 0.24 9.29

2 5.23 2.817 1.03 2.583 2.340 0.243 9.41

10%
3 5.23 2.817 1.03 2.58 2.348 0.235 9.10

Average: 9.27

Gt - Theoretical Specific Gravity Gb - Specific Gravity of Asphalt Binder

Gm - Bulk or Actual Specific Gravity Vv - Air Void

Gse - Effective Specific Gravity of

aggregate

105
 Table 5.3C Marshall Test Results

Marshall

LDPE Sample Stability Flow

Content %
no.
lbs kg inches cm

1 3538 1605 12.7 32.30

2 3303 1498 12.3 31.20

0%
3 3419 1551 11.5 29.20

Average: 3419 1551 12.2 30.90

1 4328 1963 12 30.50

2 4462 2024 10.9 27.70

6%
3 4376 1895 10.6 26.90

Average: 4323 1961 11.2 28.40

1 3461 1570 6.9 17.50

2 3574 1621 7.1 18.00

8%
3 3380 1533 6.5 16.50

Average: 3472 1575 6.8 17.30

1 2749 1247 4.6 11.70

106
 2 3064 1390 5.5 14.00

10% 3 3325 1508 5.9 15.00

Average: 3047 1382 5.3 13.6

Table 5.4 Summary of Results

Summary Report

Type of LDPE Content % added on binder Specification

Test
0% 6% 8% 10%

Bulk 2.461 2.452 2.371 2.344 -

Specific
Gravity

Air Voids 4.58 5.21 8.27 9.27 3.0-5.0 (%)

Marshall 3419 (1541) 3419 (1961) 3419 (1575) 3419 (1382) 1800 (818)
Stability

Flow 12.2” (30.90) 11.2” (28.40) 6.8” (17.30) 5.3” (13.6) 8”-14” (20-
40)

- - Didn’t achieve specification

107
 Table 5.5A One-way ANOVA (Bulk Specific Gravity)

One-way ANOVA for Bulk Specific Gravity

Control 6% 8% 10%

Mean 2.461 2.452 2.371 2.344

df between 3

df within 8

Grand Mean 2.407

SSbetween 0.030762

SSwithin 0.000253

MSbetween 0.010254

MSwithin 0.000032

F-Value 324.237

Fcrit 4.07

Hypothesis F-value > Fcrit therefore, REJECT null hypothesis

108
 Table 5.5B One-way ANOVA (Air Voids)

One-way ANOVA for Air Voids

Control 6% 8% 10%

Mean 4.58 5.21 8.27 9.27

df between 3

df within 8

Grand Mean 6.8292

SSbetween 47.943

SSwithin 0.378

MSbetween 15.981

MSwithin 0.04725

F-Value 338.222

Fcrit 4.07

Hypothesis F-value > Fcrit therefore, REJECT null hypothesis

109
 Table 5.5C One-way ANOVA (Marshall Stability)

One-way ANOVA for Marshall Stability

Control 6% 8% 10%

Mean 1551 1961 1575 1382

df between 3

df within 8

Grand Mean 1617.25

SSbetween 538777.25

SSwithin 52124

MSbetween 179592.4167

MSwithin 6515.5

F-Value 27.564

Fcrit 4.07

Hypothesis F-value > Fcrit therefore, REJECT null hypothesis

110
 Table 5D One-way ANOVA (Marshall Flow)

One-way ANOVA for Marshall Flow

Control 6% 8% 10%

Mean 12.2 11.2 6.8 5.3

df between 3

df within 8

Grand Mean 8.875

SSbetween 98.383

SSwithin 2.92

MSbetween 32.794

MSwithin 0.365

F-Value 89.847

Fcrit 4.07

Hypothesis F-value > Fcrit therefore, REJECT null hypothesis

111
 Table 5.6A T-test of DPWH Vs 6% LDPE Content (Bulk Specific Gravity)

Bulk Specific Gravity

DPWH 6% LDPE

2.35 2.451

2.391 2.448

2.395 2.458

Mean = 2.379 Mean = 2.452

SD = 0.025 SD = 0.005

T = 0.73 Tcrit = 2.132

df = 4

Result: T < Tcrit, Therefore, bulk specific gravity of DPWH sample test
result and 6% LDPE content has NO significant difference

Table 5.6B T-test of DPWH Vs 6% LDPE Content (Air Voids)

Air Voids

DPWH 6% LDPE

4.50 5.26

4.51 5.37

112
 4.70 4.99

Mean = 4.57 Mean = 5.21

SD = 0.113 SD = 0.196

T = 1.994 Tcrit = 2.132

df = 4

Result: T < Tcrit, Therefore, air voids of DPWH sample test result and 6%
LDPE content has NO significant difference

Table 5.6C T-test of DPWH Vs 6% LDPE Content (Marshall Stability)

Marshall Stability

DPWH 6% LDPE

1478 1963

1486 2024

1475 1895

Mean = 1480 Mean = 1961

SD = 5.686 SD = 64.532

T = 99.422 Tcrit = 2.132

df = 4

113
 Result: T > Tcrit, Therefore, REJECT null Hypothesis.

Table 5.6D T-test of DPWH Vs 6% LDPE Content (Marshall Flow)

Marshall Flow

DPWH 6% LDPE

11.5 12

11.5 10.9

11.8 10.6

Mean = 11.6 Mean = 11.2

SD = 0.173 SD = 0.737

T = 0.726 Tcrit = 2.132

df = 4

Result: T < Tcrit, Therefore, marshall flow of DPWH sample test result
and 6% LDPE content has NO significant difference

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 APPENDIX C

F-table (0.05 significance level) and T-table (0.05 significance level)

F-table of Critical Values

Source: Adapted from [71]

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 T-table of Critical Values
Source: Adapted from [72]

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 APPENDIX D

Summary of Test Results from Universal Testing Laboratory and

Inspection Inc.

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121
 APPENDIX E

Invitation to Thesis Adviser

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 APPENDIX F

Request Letter to Mega Southern Asphalt Mix Corporation

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 APPENDIX G

Materials Gathering and Preparation

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 APPENDIX H

Production of Marshall Sample

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 APPENDIX I

Test Methods
ASTM D6927-06

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ASTM D2726 or AASHTO T166

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