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Mechanical Properties & Testing Tutorial

The document is a tutorial for Mechanics of Materials focusing on mechanical properties and materials testing. It includes problems related to strain hardening of cylindrical specimens, engineering stress in carbon nanotubes, tensile elongation, and the evaluation of a nickel wire's deformation under load. Additionally, it requires calculations for the modulus of elasticity for a magnesium bar and analysis of stress-strain curves for different materials.

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18 views3 pages

Mechanical Properties & Testing Tutorial

The document is a tutorial for Mechanics of Materials focusing on mechanical properties and materials testing. It includes problems related to strain hardening of cylindrical specimens, engineering stress in carbon nanotubes, tensile elongation, and the evaluation of a nickel wire's deformation under load. Additionally, it requires calculations for the modulus of elasticity for a magnesium bar and analysis of stress-strain curves for different materials.

Uploaded by

YEWCHOY.LAU
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Name: __________________________​ ​ Student No.

: ______________________

Mechanics of Materials
Tutorial 2 (Mechanical Properties and Materials Testing)
1.​ Two previously undeformed cylindrical specimens A and B of an alloy are to be strained
hardened by reducing their cross-sectional areas. For specimen A, the initial and deformed
radius are 20mm and 14mm respectively. Specimen B, with an initial radius of 15mm, must
have the same deformation ratio as specimen A. Compute the radius of specimen B after
deformation.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [2]

2.​ A) Carbon nanotubes are one of the stiffest and strongest materials known to scientists and
12
engineers. Carbon nanotubes have an elastic modulus of 1.1 TPa (1 Tpa = 1×10 Pa). If a
−9
carbon nanotube has a diameter of 15 nm (1nm = 1×10 m), determine the engineering
−6
stress sustained by the nanotube when subjected to a tensile load of 4 µN (1 µN = 1×10
N) along the length of the tube. Assume that the entire cross-sectional area of the nanotube
is load bearing.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [2]
2.​ B) Assume that the carbon nanotube is only deformed elastically (not plastically) under the
−6
load of 4 µN (1 µN = 1×10 N). The carbon nanotube has a length of 10 µm (1 µm =
−6
1×10 m). What is the tensile elongation (displacement) of the carbon nanotube in
−9
nanometres (1 nm = 1×10 m)?​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [2]

3.​ A 3780N force is applied to a 0.375cm diameter nickel wire having yield strength of 310 MPa
and a tensile strength of 379 MPa. Determine​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [3]
a.​ Whether the wire will plastically deform?
b.​ Whether the wire will experience necking?
4.​ A force of 20,000 N will cause a 1 cm × 1 cm bar of magnesium to stretch from 10 cm to
10.045 cm. Calculate the modulus of elasticity.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ [2]

5.​ From the stress strain curves for three different materials in the figure below, describe the
material properties for the following materials A, B and C? Give an example for each of the
material.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [4]

Common questions

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For material A, which has a steep curve and high yield stress, it indicates high strength and low ductility, like ceramics. For material B, which has a moderate slope and noticeable necking, it suggests moderate strength and ductility, like steel. Material C, with a long elongation before fracture, indicates high ductility and toughness, like rubber.

To determine the radius of specimen B after deformation, you need to calculate the deformation ratio for specimen A and apply it to specimen B. For specimen A, the deformation ratio is the initial radius divided by the deformed radius, 20/14. Apply this ratio to specimen B's initial radius of 15 mm to find the new radius. The calculation is: (15 mm × 14 mm) / 20 mm = 10.5 mm. Therefore, the radius of specimen B after deformation is 10.5 mm.

Modulus of elasticity E is calculated using E = (F*L_0) / (ΔL*A), where F is the force, L_0 is the original length, ΔL is the change in length, and A is the cross-sectional area. Here, L_0 = 10 cm = 0.1 m, ΔL = 10.045 cm - 10 cm = 0.045 cm = 4.5 × 10^-4 m, A = 1 cm × 1 cm = 0.0001 m². Thus, E = (20,000 N * 0.1 m) / (4.5 × 10^-4 m * 1 × 10^-4 m²) = 444.44 MPa.

First, calculate the cross-sectional area of the nanotube using the formula A = π(d/2)^2. Convert the diameter from nm to meters: d = 15 × 10^-9 m. The area A = π(15 × 10^-9 / 2)^2 = 1.767 × 10^-16 m^2. Engineering stress is defined as the force divided by the original cross-sectional area: stress = 4 × 10^-6 N / 1.767 × 10^-16 m^2 = 2.26 × 10^10 Pa, or 22.6 GPa.

To determine if necking occurs, calculate if the stress surpasses the tensile strength. The cross-sectional area is 1.104 × 10^-5 m². The stress from the force is 342.75 MPa. Since it is below the tensile strength of 379 MPa, the wire has not yet begun necking.

To determine if the wire will plastically deform, compute the stress in the wire and compare it to its yield strength. The cross-sectional area A of the wire is π(0.375 cm / 2)^2 = 0.1104 cm² = 1.104 × 10^-5 m². The applied stress is 3780 N / 1.104 × 10^-5 m² = 342.75 MPa, which exceeds the yield strength of 310 MPa. Thus, the wire will plastically deform.

Using Hooke's Law for elastic deformation, the tensile elongation ΔL is calculated as (F*L)/(A*E), where F is the force, L is the original length, A is the area, and E is the modulus of elasticity. First, convert the dimensions: length L = 10 µm = 10 × 10^-6 m, elastic modulus E = 1.1 TPa = 1.1 × 10^12 Pa. As previously calculated, A = 1.767 × 10^-16 m^2. Substituting the values, ΔL = (4 × 10^-6 N * 10 × 10^-6 m) / (1.767 × 10^-16 m^2 * 1.1 × 10^12 Pa) gives an elongation of 2.03 nm.

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