Energy Management
Prepared by:
Aymen Mohamed
Ameen Awad
Tayseer Mohamed
Building Envelope
Fatima Ali Energy Audit
AlShaima’a Ali
Mazin Balla
Mahdi Khalifa
Mohamed Atif
Nihaal Mohamed
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] of contents:
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[Link] temperature
[Link] location
[Link] temperature
[Link] temperature
[Link] study
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[Link] analysis-General calculations
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[Link] consumption and cost
[Link] analysis
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ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link]:
[Link] envelope energy :
Building “Envelope” generally refers to those building
components that enclose conditioned spaces and through
which thermal energy is transferred to or from the
outdoor environment.
The thermal energy transfer rate is generally referred to
as “ heat loss” when we are trying to maintain an indoor
temperature that is greater than the outdoor
temperature. The thermal energy transfer rate is
referred to as “ heat gain” when we are trying to
maintain an indoor temperature that is lower than the
outdoor temperature.
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] temperature:
[Link] location :
[Link] temperature:
[Link] temperature :
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
3.2. Scope :
Calculate measures to identify building performance (heat loss /gain) .
[Link] :
• Identifying the areas of enhancement for the building performance.
• Identifying suitable energy performance for building’ design indicator and
the potential energy savings from the design editing.
• Recommend potential solution to perform energy saving targeted.
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] analysis:
Calculating heat loss/gain for building components;
q = ∑ UA (Ti – To)
Where:
q = the component heat loss, Btu/hr
U = the overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/(hr-ft2-°F)
A = the area of the component, ft2
Ti = the indoor temperature, °F
To = the outdoor temperature, °F
Heat Loss/gain through Envelope Components :
the heat loss through a component:
U = 1/Rt
Rt = R1 + R2 + Rn +...
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] analysis:
3.3.1 Building components;
• Glass area : Aluminum frame curtain wall with double glass ¼’’ –air gab.
• Brick Wall area with exterior and interior plaster and paint.
• Brick wall with exterior and interior plaster ,exterior paint and wood cladding internal.
• Aluminum windows single glazed 6mm, 10 No size 1.5x1.5m
• Aluminum door , 2 each size 1.2x2.1m.
• High Level Window , 14 each size 0.8x2.0m.
• Steel sliding door area I each size5.0 x2.3m.
• Roof : RC, cement sand screed 2’’ , foam concrete 3’’, Rubber membrane, Terrazzo tiles
,gypsum ceiling .
• Floor.
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
3.3.2 Calculations:
New Microsoft Excel Worksheet - [Link]
[Link] :
[Link] consumption and cost:
% From Total q
A) -32117.8567 Btu/hr For Glass area 18.01%
B) -78573.4245 Btu/hr For Brick Wall area 44.05%
For Brick wall with exterior and interior plaster and wood cladding
C) [Link] Performance :
-15226.1768 Btu/hr internal 8.54%
For Aluminum windows area 10 No size
D) How the building
-6689.95926 Btu/hr is performing ?
1.5x1.5m 3.75%
E) -1695.80331 Btu/hr For Aluminum door area 2 each size 1.2x2.1m 0.95%
Energy Performance Indicators
F) -7444.14807 Btu/hr For High Level Window area 14 each size 0.8x2.0m 4.17%
G) -1495.97419 Btu/hr For Steel sliding door area I each size5.0 x2.3m 0.84%
H) 4.3..Statistical
-28573.7897 Btu/hr Analysis :
For Roof 16.02%
I) -6553.575 Btu/hr For Floor 3.67%
Total 178370.708 Btu/hr Total Heat gain 100.00%
0.17837071 MBtu/hr 1 MBtu= 1000,000 Btu
For one month at summer season assuming 10 hr working per day times 26 day per
46.376384 Mbtu month
0.01359292 Gwh 1 MBtu = 0.002931 Gwh
13592.9181 kwh 1 Gwh= 1000,000 Kwh
4,757.52 SDG 1 Kwh=0.35 SDG
38,060.17 SDG 8 Months per year
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] :
4.2. Statistical Analysis :
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00% For Floor
For Roof
20.00%
For Steel sliding door area I each size5.0 x2.3m
15.00% For High Level Window area 14 each size 0.8x2.0m
For Aluminum door area 2 each size 1.2x2.1m
10.00% For Aluminum windows area 10 No size 1.5x1.5m
For Brick wall with exterior and interior plaster and wood cladding internal
5.00%
For Brick Wall area
0.00% For Glass area
100%
Taking the 80-20 rule, we concentrated in finding alternatives for the glass ,brick and
roof area
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] for our case study
[Link] Opportunities for Energy Savings :
[Link] Heat gain in Building Walls :
-Applying Thermo-shield insulation paint for exterior
walls , Thermo-shield paint has U value of 0.054
Btu/(hr-ft2-°F) and will reduce the heat gain by 90% .
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] Heat gain in Building Glass
Curtainwalls :
-Installing Formed steel louvers 6’’wide frame
16-GA ,18-GA Blades , mechanically fastened,
with U value of 0.25 Btu/(hr-ft2-°F) , this will
reduce the heat gain by 70%.
[Link] Heat gain in Building Roof :
-Applying Thermo-shield insulation paint for
roof , Thermo-shield paint has U value of 0.054
Btu/(hr-ft2-°F) and will reduce the heat gain by
80% .
[Link] :
Implementation Cost :
Unit QTY Rate SDG Amount SDG
For Glass area Steel frame louvers Sq.m 146 900 131,400.00
For Brick Wall area external insulation (Thermoshield) Sq.m 428 80 34,240.00
For Roof external insulation (Thermoshield) Sq.m 330 80 26,400.00
192,040.00
24,912.96 SDG Annual Saving
7.71 Years Pay Back Period
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE
[Link] General:
• To adopt energy saving opportunities from the
design stage managed by authorities and
compactible with Sudan environment .
• Existing Buildings must be audited and
enhanced.
[Link] :
-ASHRAE handbook –Fundamentals.
*ENVELOPE STANDARDS FOR NEW & EXISTING CONSTRUCTION :
The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings is the defector standard for commercial building efficiency and is
the basis of most local energy codes.
* Lecture notes
* Data sheet for steel louvers
* Data Sheet for Thermo-shield
ENERGY AUDIT BUILDING ENVELOPE