CLASS XII
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND HARDWARE
K MAP
1. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)= ∑(2,3,6,7,8,10,12,14,15). [2023]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
2. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∏ (0,1,2,4,5,8,10,11,14,15) [2023]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
3. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)= ∑(0,1,2,3,5,7,8,10,15). [2021]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
4. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∏ (0,1,2,4,6,8,9,14,15) [2021]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
5. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)= ∑(0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14). [2020]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
6. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∏ (3,4,6,9,11,12,13,14,15) [2020]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
7. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∑ (0,2,3,4,5,8,10,11,12,13) [2019]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression using only NAND gates. Assume that the
variables and their compliments are available as inputs.
8. Given the Boolean function F(P,Q,R,S)=∏ (0,1,2,8,9,11,13,15) [2019]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various gropus (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B )Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression using only NOR gates. Assume that the variables
and their compliments are available as inputs.
9. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∑ (0,2,4,8,9,10,12,13) [2018]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
10. Given the Boolean function F(P,Q,R,S)=∏ (3,4,5,6,7,10,11,14,15) [2018]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
11. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∑ (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11) [2017]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
12. Given the Boolean function F(P,Q,R,S)=∏ (0,1,2,4,5,6,8,10) [2017]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
13. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=∑ (1,3,5,7,8,9,10,11,14,15) [2016]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reducedexpression using. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
14. Given the Boolean function F(P,Q,R,S)=∏ (4,6,7,10,11,12,14,15) [2016]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression using only NOR gates. Assume that the variables
and their compliments are available as inputs.
15. Given the Boolean function F(A,B,C,D)=ABC’D + A’BC’D’+ A’BC’D+ ABC’D+ A’BCD+ ABCD [2015]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
16. Given the Boolean function F(P,Q,R,S)=∏ (0,1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10,11) [2015]
A) Reduce the above expression by using 4- variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e. octal,
quads and pairs).
B) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their
compliments are available as inputs.
17. A shopping mall allows customers to shop using cash or credit card of nay nationalized bank. It awards
bonus point to their customers on the basis of criteria given below: [2023]
The customer is an employee of the shopping mall and makes the payment using a credit card.
OR
The customer shops items which carry bonus points and makes the payment using a credit card with a
shopping amount of less than ₹ 10,000/-
OR
The customer is not an employee of the shopping mall and makes the payment not through a credit
card but in cash for the shopping amount above ₹ 10,000 /-
INPUTS
C Payment through a credit card
A Shopping amount is above ₹ 10,000 /-
E The customer is an employee of the shopping mall
I Item carries a bonus point
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for X(C,A,E,I).
18. A school intends to select participants for an Inter School Debate Competition as per the criteria given
below: [2021]
Student of senior section and member of the debating club, but has not won prizes in debating
competitions.
OR
Student not from senior section, but fluent in English and has won prizes in debating competitions.
OR
Student from the senior section and has won prizes in debating competitions, but is not a member of
the debating club.
INPUTS
S Student of the senior section
F Fluent in English
D Member of the debating club
P Has won prizes in debating competitions
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for X(S,F,D,P).
19. A company intends to develop a device to show the high status power load for a household inventor
depending on the criteria given below: [2020]
If Air conditioner and Geyser are on
OR
If Air conditioner is off, but Geyser and Refrigerator are on
OR
If Geyser is off, but Air conditioner and Water purifier are on
OR
When all are on
The inputs are:
INPUTS
A Air conditioner is on
G Geyser is on
R Refrigerator is on
W Water purifier is on
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates high power, 0 indicates low power for all cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the SOP expression for X(A,G,R,W).
20. The owner of a company pays bonus to his salesman as per the criteria given below: [2019]
If the salesman works overtime for more than 4 hours but does not work on off days/holidays.
OR
If the salesman works when festival sales are on and update showroom arrangements.
OR
Ifthe salesman works on an off day/holiday when the festival sales are on.
The inputs are:
INPUTS
O Works overtime for more than 4 hours
F Festival sales are on
H Working on an off day/holiday
U Updates showroom arrangements
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for X(O,F,H,U).
21. The training institute intends to give scholarships to its students as per the criteria given below:
The student has excellent academic record but if financially weak. [2018]
OR
The student does not have an excellent academic record and belongs to a backward class.
OR
The student does not have an excellent academic record and physically impaired.
INPUTS
A Has excellent academic record
F Financially sound
C Belongs to a backward class
I Is physically impaired
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the SOP expression for X(A,F,C,I).
22. A school intends to select candidates for an Inter school easy competition as per the criteria given
below: [2017]
The student has participated in an earlier competition and is very creative
OR
The student is very creative and has excellent general awareness, but has not participated in any
completion earlier.
OR
The student has excellent general awareness and has won prize in an inter house completion.
INPUTS
A Participated in a competition earlier
B Is very creative
C Won prize in and inter house competition
D Has excellent general awareness
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for X(A,B,C,DI).
23. A passenger is allotted a window seat in an aircraft, if he/she satisfies the given criteria: [2016]
The passenger is below 15 years and is accompanied by an adult.
OR
The passenger is a lady and is not accompanied by an adult.
OR
The passenger is not below 15 years, but is travelling for the first time.
INPUTS
A The passenger is below 15 years age
C The passenger is accompanied by an adult
L The passenger is a lady
F The passenger is travelling for the first time
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: W [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the SOP expression for W (A, C, L,F).
24. A person is allowed to travel in a reserved coach of the train, if he/she satisfies the criteria given
below: [2015]
The person has a valid reservation ticket and a valid ID proof.
OR
The person does not have a valid reservation ticket, but holds a valid pass issued by the Railway
department with a valid ID proof.
OR
The person is a disabled person and holds a valid pass issued by the Railway department along with a valid
ID proof.
INPUTS
R The person has a valid reservation ticket
P The person holds a valid pass issued by the Railway department
H The person has a valid ID proof
D The person is a disable person
(In all the cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no)
Output: T [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all the cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for T(R, P, H, D).
SIMPLIFICATIONS (SIMLIFY THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS) AND PROVING:
1. (A + B)’. (B + C). (A + C)’ + AC [2021]
2. [(X’ + Y).(Y’ + Z)]’ + (X’ +Z) [2020]
3. (X+Z). (X.Y + Y.Z’) + X.Z + Y [2019]
4. A.(A’+ B).C.(A+B) [2018]
5. Prove that (x’ +z) + [(y’ +z).(x’ +y)]’ =1 [2017]
6. (A+C). (A+A.D)+A.C+C [2016]
7. Verify that X.Y.Z + X.Y’.Z + X.Y.Z’ = X. (Y+Z) [2015]
8. (A’+C). (A’+C’) (A’+B+C’.D) [2014]
9. (A+B’).(B+C.D)’ [2013]
10. X’.Y’.Z’ + X’.Y’.Z + X’.Y.Z + X’.Y.Z’ + X.Y’.Z’ + X.Y’.Z =X’ + Y’ [2012]
11. {(C.D)’ + A} +A + C.D +A.B [2011]
12. A. {B +C. (A.B +A.C)’} [2011]
13. X .(Y +Z. (X.Y + X.Z)’) [2010]
14. (X.Y +Z). (Y+Z’.X) [2009]
15. (A+B’).(B+ C.D)’ [2009]
16. X.Y +X.Z+ X.Y.Z [2009]
17. Prove that: X’.Y.Z + X.Y’ .Z +X.Y.Z’ +X.Y.Z =XY + Y.Z+ Z.X
18. Prove that: (A.B+A’.B’.C’). (A.B+ A+B+C)=A.B
FIND THE COMPLIMENT OF FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS( USING DEMORGAN’S LAWS):
1. F(P,Q,R)= P + (Q’.R) [2020]
2. F(A,B,C)=A’.B’.C’ +A’.B.C’ [2019]
3. F (A, B, C) = A’. (B.C’+ B’. C) [2018]
4. F(a,b,c)= (b’ +c)+a [2017]
5. A.B’ +A’ +B.C [2016]
6. X.Y’.Z + X.Y + Y.Z’ [2014]
7. X’ + X.Y’ [2012]
8. Prove that compliment of A. (A+ B). B.(B+C) is an universal gate. Name the gate. [2009]
9. F(a,b,c)=(a.b’ + x’ + y’ +z’)
FIND THE DUAL FORM OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. (A’ + 0).(B’ + 1) = A’ [2020]
2. X.Y + X.Y =X+ 0 [2019]
3. (A’+B). (1+B’)=A’+B [2018]
4. State the principle of Duality. [2017]
5. Y.X + X’ + 1 [2016]
6. (P+Q’).P.1=P.R+Q’.R [2013]
7. (A’.B) +C.1=(A’ +C).(B+C) [2011]
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS IN CANONICAL POS:
1. F(P,Q,R)= ∏(0,1,3,4)
2. F(P.Q)=∏(0,2) [2019]
3. F(X,Y,Z)=(X+Y’).(Y’+Z) [2018]
4. F(A,B)=(A+B).A’ [2014]
5. F(P,Q,R)=∏(1,3) [2013]
6. F(X,Y,Z)=(X’ +Y’).(Y+Z’) [2012]
7. (X+Y+Z’). (Y’+Z)
8. F(X,Y,Z)=∏(1,3,5,7)
9. (A+B’).(A+C’).(A+B)
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS IN CANONICAL SOP:
1. F(A, B, C)= A’BC + AB’C’ + ABC [2021]
2. F(P,Q,R)=P’Q’R + P’QR + PQ’R’ + PQR’ [2020]
3. X.Y+X.Z
4. A’.B+A.C’+A.B
5. XYZ+Y.Z’
6. F(A,B,C)=∑(0,1,2,4)
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS:
1. Write the minterm of F(A,B,C,D) when A=1, B=0, C=0 and D=1 [2023]
2. Verify the following expression using the truth table: [2023]
(A ʘ B)’= (A B)
3. Verify if (A + A’)’ is a Tautology, Contradiction, or a Contingency. [2023]
4. Using the truth table, state whether the following proposition is a tautology, contradiction or a
contingency. ~(A=>B)(~A ˅ B) [2021]
5. Verify the following proposition with the help of truth table:
(~A ^ B) ˅ A = A ˅ B [2021]
6. State whether the following proposition is a tautology, contradiction or a contingency: [2020]
F=(P=>Q) ˅ (Q =>~P)
7. IF A=”It is cloudy” and B=”It is raining”, the write the proposition for: [2019]
(a) Contrapositive (b) Converse
8. Using the truth table, state whether the following proposition is a tautology, contingency or
contradiction: ~(P=>Q)(~P˅Q) [2019]
9. Using the truth table, state whether the following proposition is a tautology, contingency or
contradiction: ~(A^B)˅(~A=>B) [2018]
10. Verify the following proposition with the help of a truth table: (P^Q)˅(P^~Q)=P [2018]
11. If (~P=>Q) then write its: a) Inverse b) Converse [2017]
12. Define maxterms and minterms. Find the maxterm and minterm when: [2017]
P=0,Q=1,R=1 AND S=0 [2017]
13. Show that X˅(Y^X) is a tautology. [2016]
14. State whether the following expression is a Tautology, contradiction or a contingency, with the help of
truth table.
(X=>Z)˅ ~ [(X=>Y) ^ (Y=>Z)] [2016]
15. Differentiate between Canonical form and Cardinal form of expression. [2016]
16. Verify the following with the help of truth table: P˅(~P^Q)=P˅Q [2015]
17. Differentiate between proposition and WFF. [2014]
18. Using truth table, verify the following is valid or invalid: (a=>b) ^ (b=>c)=(a=>c) [2013]
19. Using truth table verify: (~p→q)^p=(p^~q)˅(p^q) [2013]
20. If (X→Y) then write its: a) Contrapositive b) Converse [2012]
21. Using truth table, verify the following proposition is true of false (p→q)=(q’→p’) [2011]
22. Using truth table prove that: [2009]
A (BʘC)=Aʘ(B C)
23. Verify using truth table: (AʘBʘC)’=(A B C)’ [2011]
BOOLEAN LAWS:
1. State the properties of zero in Boolean algebra. [2020]
2. State the commutative law and prove it with the help of truth table. [2018]
3. State the law represented by the following. prove it with the help of truth table: p˅p=p [2017]
4. State Involution law and prove it with the help of a truth table. [2016]
5. State compliment properties. [2016]
6. State De-Morgan’s law and verify, using a truth table. [2015]
HARDWARE:
1. Write the maxterms from the following truth table, where A and B are inputs and X is the output.
A B X [2021]
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 .0
2. From the logic diagram given below, write the Boolean expression for (1) and (2). Also derive the
Boolean expression (F) and simplify it. [2023]
X
(1)
Y F
Z (2)
2. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: [2020]
X
A
a. Name the basic gate which is represented by the diagram.
b. What will be the value of X when A=1 and B=0?
3. Draw the circuit of two input XOR gate with the help of NOR gates. [2020]
4. Draw the truth table and derive an SOP expression for sum and carry for a full adder. Also, draw the
logic circuit for the carry of a full adder. [2020]
5. Draw the logic circuit diagram for an octal to binary encoder and explain its working when a particular
digit is pressed. Also state the difference between encoder and decoders. [2020]
6. Name and draw the logic gate diagram by the following truth table, where A and B are inputs and X is
the output. [2019]
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 .0
7. How is a decoder different from a multiplexer? Write the truth table and draw the logic circuit diagram
for a 3 to 8 decoder and explain its working. [2019]
8. From the logic circuit diagram given below, derive the Boolean expression and simplify it to show that
it represents a logic gate. Name and draw the logic gate. [2019]
Y
F
Z
9. What is half adder? Write the truth table and derive an SOP expression for sum and carry for a half
adder. [2019]
10. What is Encoder? Draw the Encoder circuit to convert A-F hexadecimal number into binary. State an
application of a Multiplexer. [2018]
11. Using only NAND gate, draw the logic circuit diagram for A’ + B [2018]
12. Differentiate between Half Adder and Full Adder. Draw the logic circuit diagram for a Full Adder.
[2018]
13. State an application of a Half Adder. Draw the truth table and circuit diagram for a Half Adder.[2017]
14. What is a Multiplexer? How is it different from a Decoder? Draw the circuit diagram for a 8:1
Multiplexer. [2017]
15. Draw the logic circuit diagram of a NAND gate using NOR gate only. [2017]
16. What is a Decoder? Draw the logic diagram for a binary to octal (3 to 8 ) decoder. [2016]
17. How is a Half Adder different from aFull Adder? Draw the truth table and derive the SUM and CARRY
expression for a Full Adder. Also draw the logic diagram for a Full Adder. [2016]
18. What are Universal Gates? Construct a logic circuit using NAND gate only for the expression:
A.(B+C) [2015]
19. Draw the truth table and logic gate diagram for an Octal to Binary encoder. [2015]
20. What is Multiplexer? State one application of a Multiplexer. Also, draw the logic diagram of 4:1
Multiplexer. [2015]
21. Define Half Adder. Draw the circuit diagram and the truth table for a Half Adder. [2015]
22. Derive a Boolean expression for the logic circuit given below and reduce the derived expression, using
the Boolean laws: [2015]
B F
C