41 Asealed U-tube contains nitrogen in one arm and helium at pressure P in the other arm. ‘The gases are separated by mercury of density p. The acceleration of free fall is g. Nitrogen Helium at pressure P What is the pressure of nitrogen? P x9 P-x0g P+xpg com> 6 The diagram shows 2 manometers containing mercury. Both are placed in the same room. The manometer on the left is connected to a sealed container filled with gas. ‘The manometer on the right is sealed at one end as shown. All measurements are in cm. sealed vee containe? os What is the pressure of gas in omHg? A (n+hn) B (hi +hs) © (hy +he—hs) D (he~/m)7 Accylindrical block rests on a rectangular block. The area of the cylindrical block in contact with the rectangular block is A; and the area of the rectangular block facing up is As. area A; of cylindrical block S35 area Az of rectangular block ‘The weight of the cylindrical block is W/ and the weight of the rectangular block is Ws. ‘What is the pressure exerted on the cylindrical block by the rectangular block? w Ww We We am BOR com DOR ‘The diagram shows a simple model of the braking system of a car. A force of 20 N is applied to piston P. As a result, there is a force F on piston Q. piston Q 20N—>} = / piston P oll Piston P has an area of 5.0 cm? and piston Q has an area of 25 cm?. ‘What is the force F2 A 40N B 20N © 100N D SOON40 The diagram shows a manometer with one side connected to a gas cylinder and the other side ‘open to the almosphare. 193s cylinder —_ liquid ‘What conclusion can be made using only the information from the liquid levels in the manometer? A 8 © > 10 ‘The density of the gas is less than the density of ar ‘The density ofthe gas is greater than the density of eit. ‘The pressure ofthe gas is less than atmospheric pressure, ‘The pressure ofthe gas is grater than almospharic pressure. The diagram shows a hydraulic pump. piston Q had piston P Which of the following is correct? A The force Fis the same as the weight of the load. B The force F's greater than the weight of the load. © The pressure on piston P is the same as the pressure on piston Q. D The pressure on piston P is smaller than the pressure on piston Q.ct ‘Two beakers X and Y are filled to the same level with water. The area of the base of X is less than that of Y. x Y Which statement is correct? A The force due to the liquid on the base of X is greater than the force on the base of Y. B The force due to the liquid on the base of X is the same as the force on the base of Y. © The pressure on the base of X is less than the pressure on the base of Y. D_ The pressure on the base of X is the same as the pressure on the base of Y.4 Fig. 4.1 shows a container of gas connected to a manometer. ‘The tube in the manometer has a constant cross-sectional area. container(a) Define the term pressure. (b) The density of mercury is 1.4 x 10" kg/m. The gravitational field strength gis 10 Nikg. ‘The pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 x 105 Pa. Calculate the pressure in Pa of the gas in the container. pressure =... oeenceee (3) (6) In Fig. 4.1, the mercury level on the left-hand side of the manometer is lower than on the right hand side. ‘The gas inside the container is heated. This causes the mercury levels on both sides to become the same. (i) Mark on the ruler in Fig. 4.1 with a cross (x) when this happens. een [A] ) Explain, in terms of the gas molecules, what causes the level of mercury to become the same. 3) [Total: 8]42 The diagram shows a manometer containing mercury that is sealed at one end. ‘What happens to the height h when the manometer is taken to the top of a mountain? It decreases, because atmospheric pressure decreases. It decreases, because atmospheric pressure increases. Itincreases, because atmospheric pressure decreases. Itincreases, because atmospheric pressure increases. soup 13 Which graph shows the total external pressure acting on a submarine at different depths below the surface of the sea? A B pressure pressure 4 °. 0 0 depth 0 depth c D pressure pressure o+ oj —____-3 Fig. 3.1 shows a syringe containing trapped air. One end of the syringe is sealed but the piston inside the syringe is free to move left and right. syringg trapped air piston sealed end Fig. 3.4 {(@) The piston has a cross-sectional area of 1.2 x 10+ m?, Given that the air trapped in the syringe has a pressure of 1.0 x 10° Pa, calculate the force exerted on the piston by the alr. () Explain, using ideas about molecules, why (i) the air inside the syringe exerts a pressure on the piston, (li) the piston moves to the right when the syringe is heated over fire. (c) The syringe is now filed with water instead of air. Explain why the piston moves less to the right when the syringe is heated over fire.10 A barometer is incorrectly set up such that some air is trapped above the mercury column. trapped air 430 mm Given that the atmospheric pressure is equivalent to 760 mmHg, and the density of mercury is 13560 kg/m®, what is the pressure of the trapped air? A 14kPa Cc 58kPa Bo 45kPa D 103 kPa 41 The diagram shows a manometer used to measure the pressure of gas. The tube P contains water and the tube Q contains glycerol. The liquid levels in the tubes were originally at X. The liquid levels in both tubes changed when the gas tap was turned on. Ha and He are the height differences in tubes Q and P respectively. to gas tap tycerol What of the following explains why the height difference Ha is less than He? A There is more air flowing into tube P than tube Q. B The liquid in Q is denser than water. © Pressure of gas exerted in P is greater than the pressure of gas exerted in Q. D There is more liquid in tube Q than water in tube P.9 The diagram shows how a wheel brace is used to loosen the nuts on a wheel. What is the dimension that should be increased so that less force is required to loosen the nuts? 10 Four glass objects have square bases of equal area. Which object is the least Ti A B12 A hydraulic press is balanced by a force of 200 N and a 300 kg mass. The gravitational field strength g is 10 Nikg 200N piston area st 300kg brea 5 om? What is the area X of the larger piston? A 0.33 om? B 33cm? © 75cm? D 75cm? Fig. 2.1 shows a mercury barometer on a day when the atmospheric pressure is 750 mm 2 Hg. Vessel B has a cross-sectional area 4 times that of tube A. 750 mm, tube A vessel B Fig. 2.4 (a) Determine the atmospheric pressure, in Pascal, given that the density of mercury i 13600 kg/m*. (gravitational field strength g is 10 Nikg) pressure (b) Explain what will happen to the mercury level in tube A if more mercury is added to vessel B such that the mercury level in vessel B rises by 2 cm.(c) Explain one disadvantage of using water in a barometer as compared to mercury. ‘The barometer shown is faulty and contains trapped air. trapped air x 71 om 43. cm mercury If the atmospheric pressure is 76 cmHg and the density of mercury is 13 600 kg/m®, what is the pressure at X? 33 omHg 48 omg 71 omg 81 omtg vomop>Fig. 2.1 shows two spherical-shaped glass containers connected by a transparent tube containing mercury which has a density of 13.6 g /cm®. Both glass containers contain trapped gases. One is painted black and the other is painted white. Fig. 2.4 (@) _()__ Which gas is at a higher pressure?(ii) Given that H; = 30.0 om, H: = 48.0 om and pressure of B is 100 000 Pa, calculate the pressure of gas A. (2) pressure = (iii) A student wants the difference between the liquid levels to be larger, without changing the pressures of gas A and gas B. ‘Suggest one modification that can be done to the setup shown in Fig. 2.1 to achieve this, son [1] ers, as shown in Fig. 2.2. painted black’ ‘State and explain what happens to H; and H2 after the heater has been switched on for 10 minutes.- 8 [Total: 7]