Unit

Humans and
2 the environment
LANGUAGE
Pronunciation

I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. carbon B. cyberspace C. calculate D. container
2. A. psychology B. example C. playground D. appliance
3. A. grammar B. lighter C. stagnation D. language
4. A. gorgeous B. gym C. lengthen D. carriage
5. A. damaged B. changed C. revised D. adopted

Vocabulary

II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The amount of the greenhouse gases produced by human activities are known as _______.
A. action B. carbon footprint C. carbon dioxide D. emission

2. Using electrical _______ increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
A. household appliances B. greenhouse gas
C. green lifestyle D. global temperature

3. Some people just throw _______ anywhere without even thinking about it.
A. composite B. decompose C. litter D. dust

4. Wind power and solar power are two excellent sources of green _______.
A. gas B. nature C. energy D. fossil fuel

5. Bamboo fiber is among the _______ materials causing no harm to the environment.
A. harmful B. energetic C. environmental D. eco-friendly

6. Human _______ are responsible for land and water pollution.

A. wastes B. actions C. plants D. crops

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7. Plants and animals are one big _______ system.
A. organic B. chemical
C. ecological D. eco-friendly

III Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Using (organ) ________ fruits helps farmers reduce harmful chemicals when growing them.
2. We can cut down on plastic use by bringing (reuse) ________ bag and refillable bottles.
3. Cars can do harm to the environment because they produce (poison) ________ gases.
4. Greenhouse effect occurs when thick (pollute) ________ air does not let the heat of the sun
out into space.
5. Hopefully, houses will be more (environment) ________ friendly in the future.
6. If your electrical (apply) ________ really is beyond repair, request the company of purchase to
see if they can take back the item for reuse or recycling.
7. A large amount of human carbon footprint comes from burning fossil fuels for electricity,
heat and (transport) ________.
IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Greenhouse gas is released from the production, use and end-of-life of a product or service.
A. applied B. disposed C. recycled D. emitted

2. Life on Earth would come to an end if the environment were destroyed.

A. ruined B. developed C. improved D. exploited

V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. We should reduce the usage of gas, electricity and drinking water to save the environment.
A. cut down B. lower C. increase D. use up

2. We have to transform our energy system to one that is less dependent on coal and other
fossil fuels.
A. conserve B. change C. protect D. cut down

Grammar

VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. According to experts, ecotourism should _______ the local community.
A. benefit B. benefits C. benefited D. be benefited

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2. I hope we ________ our natural resources better in the future.
A. will protect B. should protect C. have protected D. are going to protect

3. Litter can _______ around by high wind.

A. scatter B. be scattered C. be scattering D. be going to scatter

4. I have a plan for a healthy diet. I _______ eat food with pesticides on it.
A. will B. will not C. am going to D. am not going to

5. I have just built a greenhouse. I _______ grow my own vegetables.

A. will B. will not C. am going to D. am not going to

VII Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. People will destroy / are going to destroy our planet through pollution.
2. We will do / are going to do something to protect our planet. We have a campaign for it.
3. Too much freshwater is used / will be used nowadays.
4. Recently, serious climate changes are caused / have been caused by the greenhouse effect.
5. Chemicals overuse / are overused by some farmers in their crops.
VIII Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the underlined part in each sentence that needs
correcting.
1. The world economy would be improve by the discovery of a cheap and non-polluting car.
A B C D

2. Remove chemicals outside of the house; use eco-friendly pesticides that won’t
A B C

contaminated groundwater.
D

3. In order to reduce our carbon footprint, we should replace the disposable items with the reuse.
A B C D

4. The hydrogen technology was still not invent in the 19th century.
A B C D

5. Deforestation is a serious problem in South America where cattle farmers have accused of
A B

cutting down large areas of forest to make room for cattle ranches.
C D

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 SKILLS
Reading
I Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
If someone asks you, “How green are you?”, do you understand them? When we use the
word ‘green’ in this way, we are talking about a (1) ________ of living that is kinder and less
harmful to the environment.
For example, someone who always (2) __________ their bottles and cans, uses a bike, and
wears second-hand clothes to help the environment, can be considered green.
I personally try to be green by choosing (3) _________ that have fewer chemicals, and are
more natural and less harmful to the environment.
Here is a typical way we use the word ‘green’ to describe people who have changed their
behavior to do less (4) __________ to the earth:
“Sandra is so green. She always takes her own thermos with her to get coffee at the coffee
shop so she doesn’t have to (5) __________ the paper cup.”
(Adapted from [Link]
1. A. lifestyle B. style C. rule D. standard
2. A. recycles B. throws away C. reduces D. breaks down
3. A. bills B. manners C. exercises D. products
4. A. affect B. damage C. destroy D. ruin
5. A. break B. protect C. throw away D. reduce
II Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions.
Establishing more environmentally friendly habits at home is a great way to live more
sustainably, and you can widen your reach by extending those initiatives to the land and people
around you and help those in your community green their lives, too.
First, plant lots of trees. Find an area in your neighborhood that would be perfect for some tall,
woody plants. Planting new trees is a great way to let nature take hold again and get a group of
neighbors working together. When your plants grow larger, they’ll help cool your neighborhood,
combat climate change, foster living habitats, and clean the air.
Second, pick up litter. Look for litter beyond the park, too. While on a walk or jog around your
community, carry a small trash bag with you to pick up waste. Trash that isn’t bound for recycling
or a landfill often ends up in a stream, which can harm aquatic life. Participate in an organized
litter or river cleanup event, or create your own.
These are just a few simple ways to protect the environment where you live.
(Adapted from [Link]

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1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Improving the environment in your neighborhood
B. Establishing a friendly environment for habitants
C. Planting trees in your neighborhood
D. Picking up litter beyond the park
2. The word sustainably can be best replaced by ______.
A. strongly B. greenly C. initiatively D. independently

3. The word combat can be best replaced by ______.

A. heat up B. break down C. spread out D. fight against

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of growing plants?

A. Finding an area for tall trees
B. Strengthen the ties among habitants
C. Making the air fresh
D. Reducing the temperature

5. Which of the following statements about trash is true?

A. Trash is not found beyond the park.
B. Trash is not likely to be recycled.
C. Indisposable trash can cause water pollution.
D. Disposable trash cannot be buried.

II Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions.
Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something beside forest.
Deforestation can include clearing the land for farming or livestock, or using the timber for fuel,
construction or manufacturing.
Forests are an important natural resource, but humans have destroyed substantial quantities
of forested land. In North America, about half the forests in the eastern part of the continent
were cut down for timber and farming between the 1600s and late 1800s, according to National
Geographic. Likewise, it is commonly reported that four commodities are mostly responsible for
the vast majority of tropical deforestation: beef, soy, palm oil, and wood products.
People often light fires to clear land for agricultural use. Therefore, deforestation not only
eliminates vegetation that is important for removing carbon dioxide from the air, but the act of
clearing the forests also produces greenhouse gas emissions.

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 Developing alternatives to deforestation can help decrease the need for tree clearing. If
people adopted sustainable farming practices or employed new farming technologies and
crops, the need for more land might be diminished
Everyone can do their part to curb deforestation. However, deforestation is a global problem
that won’t be overcome by individual actions, and will require large-scale efforts by nations’
leaders to change course and reduce forest destruction.
(Adapted from [Link]

1. The primary purpose of this passage is to _______.

A. identify the main causes of deforestation in North America
B. justify the reasons leading to deforestation
C. analyze causal relations and solutions to deforestation
D. describe causes and effects of deforestation

2. According to the passage, humans have cut down trees for ______.
A. planting crops such as soy and palm oil
B. land and forest products
C. four commodities: beef, soy, palm oil, and timber
D. vegetation use

3. What can be inferred about National Geographic?

A. It was founded in the 1600s.
B. Its scope is within North America.
C. It may provide statistics.
D. It approves deforestation.

4. Which of the following is most likely to be a message from the writer?

A. Deforestation for agricultural use is acceptable.
B. The need for more land is understandable.
C. Deforestation is an unsolvable global problem.
D. There is a must to control deforestation.
5. What is the writer’s opinion of forest protection?
A. It requires multilateral cooperation.
B. It is an individual responsibility.
C. Only nation’s leaders can change the course.
D. It is beyond human knowledge.

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Speaking

IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
1. Maya: Hey, I’m thinking of going green. Do you have any recommendations?
Hoa: Well, let me see. ____________
A. You should buy them in the stores. B. You should start with small things.
C. Why do you like the colour green? D. Why do you go there?
2. Alex: Do you think houses will be more environmentally friendly in the future?
Nam: I hope so, otherwise, ___________
A. we won’t change our lifestyles. B. they will never disappear .
C. our future will be dark. D. our future will be died.
V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes the conversation.
Minh: Alex, how can we save the environment? (1) __________
Alex: Yes. We shouldn’t waste paper because (2) __________. By recycling paper, we save the
forests where animals live.
Minh: So, (3) __________
Alex: Well, for example, we can save the newspapers to make things out of them.
1. A. What do you say? B. Do you have any suggestions?
C. What do you think of global warming? D. Well, how can we do that?
2. A. trees are being cut down to make the paper
B. you find a trash can to put it in
C. children recycle paper once a month
D. children in our neighborhood collect newspapers
3. A. what do you do?
B. do you have any suggestions?
C. how can children recycle paper, I mean, every day?
D. well, how can we do that?

Writing

VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following questions.

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1. Water weeds are used as food by both people and animals.
A. People and animals get used to eating water weeds.
B. Food, such as water weeds were preferred by both people and animals.
C. Like people, animals also use water weeds as food.
D. Water weeds are used as food by people but not by animals.

2. How does water get polluted?

A. How is water pollution formed?
B. How does water pollute?
C. How often is water polluted?
D. How long is water polluted?
3. If the water is polluted, we will run out of good food such as fish and weeds.
A. If we will run out of good food such as fish and weeds, the water is polluted.
B. If the water is polluted, good food such as fish and weeds will appear.
C. We will run out of good food such as fish and weeds without water pollution.
D. If humans pollute the water, there will be no more good food such as fish and weeds.
4. You can have a high standard of living and still care about the environment.
A. You can either have a high standard of living or care about the environment.
B. People can lead a luxurious lifestyle while going green.
C. Caring about the environment makes people have a high standard of living.
D. You can be both an environmentalist and an activist.
5. When plastic is thrown away, it can take a long time before it breaks down completely.
A. When humans throw plastic away, it cannot be decomposed after a short time.
B. When plastic is away, it can take a long time before it breaks down completely.
C. When plastic is thrown away, it can only be broken down after a short time.
D. It can take a long time for plastic to be thrown away.
6. Driving less and using clean forms of energy will definitely prevent pollution.
A. Driving less and using clean forms of energy results in pollution.
B. Clean forms of energy can be used to drive less and prevent pollution completely.
C. Pollution prevention can be achieved if people drive less and use green energy.
D. When cars are less used by clean forms of energy, pollution will definitely be prevented.

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7. Little actions, such as turning off a light when leaving a room, can have a very positive effect on
reducing one’s carbon footprint.
A. Small steps, like turning off a light before leaving, can help reduce one’s carbon footprint.
B. Positive effect on reducing one’s carbon footprint can be exerted by leaving a room.
C. Little actions can lead to one’s carbon footprint.
D. Turning off a light can affect one’s carbon footprint.
VII The world is facing serious environmental problems. What are your suggestions for
improving the environment? Write a paragraph of at least 100 words to suggest ways
humans can do to improve the environment. Use the suggested ideas in the following
diagram.

IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT

REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT

SAVE WATER, SAVE ENERGY, REUSE/ REDUCE/ RECYCLE THINGS

Include the expected results in your answer.

20 Unit 2 | Humans and the environment