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Understanding Formal Fallacies for UGC NET

The document discusses formal fallacies, which are errors in reasoning that occur in the structure of deductive arguments. It outlines key types of formal fallacies, including issues with the number of terms, undistributed middle terms, illicit processes, exclusive premises, and drawing conclusions from negative premises. Understanding these fallacies is essential for constructing valid arguments in the context of UGC NET Paper 1.

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91 views3 pages

Understanding Formal Fallacies for UGC NET

The document discusses formal fallacies, which are errors in reasoning that occur in the structure of deductive arguments. It outlines key types of formal fallacies, including issues with the number of terms, undistributed middle terms, illicit processes, exclusive premises, and drawing conclusions from negative premises. Understanding these fallacies is essential for constructing valid arguments in the context of UGC NET Paper 1.

Uploaded by

nagashreeva03
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Formal Fallacy -

Notes

UGC NET Paper 1

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FORMAL FALLACIES
Fallacies are errors in an argument that deceives the mind. An argument consists of a set of
statements, premises and conclusion. An argument is valid when the truth of the premises
guarantees the truth of the conclusion
Fallacy: “Any error or mistake in reasoning is called Fallacy”. The pattern of mistakes that
appear in deductive argument of a certain specifiable form, it is a mistake in form of
argument it is called Formal Fallacies.
An informal fallacy is an error in reasoning that does not originate in improper logical form.
•

Formal Fallacy:

[Link] Terms: “A valid form of categorical syllogism must contain exactly the three terms, each
of which is used in the same sense throughout the argument”.
[Link] middle: “In a valid standard form of categorical syllogism, the middle term(M)
must be distributed in at least one premise”.
[Link] process of Major & Minor term: “A valid standard form of categorical syllogism, if
either term is distributed in conclusion then it must be distributed in the premise”.Illicit Major:
[Link] Premise: “No standard form categorical syllogism having two negative premise is
valid”.
[Link] an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise: “If either premise of a valid
standard form categorical syllogism is negative, the conclusion must be negative”.
[Link] Fallacy: “No valid standard form categorical syllogism with a particular
conclusion can have universal premise”.

SUBJECT | UGC NET Paper 1 1 of 2


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SUBJECT | UGC NET Paper 1 2 of 2

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