A Brief Table of Integrals

Basic Forms
xn + 1
L L
1. k dx = kx + C, k any number 2. xn dx = + C, n ≠ -1
n + 1

x = ln 0 x 0 + C
L L
dx
3. 4. ex dx = ex + C

L L
ax
5. ax dx = + C (a 7 0, a ≠ 1) 6. sin x dx = -cos x + C
ln a

L L
7. cos x dx = sin x + C 8. sec2 x dx = tan x + C

L L
9. csc2 x dx = -cot x + C 10. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C

tan x dx = ln 0 sec x 0 + C
L L
11. csc x cot x dx = -csc x + C 12.

cot x dx = ln 0 sin x 0 + C
L L
13. 14. sinh x dx = cosh x + C

L L 2a - x
dx x
15. cosh x dx = sinh x + C 16. = sin-1 + C
22 a

L L x 2x - a
dx 1 x dx 1 x
17. = tan-1 + C 18. = sec-1 2 2 + C
a 2
+ x 2 a a 2 2 a a

L 2a + x L 2x - a
dx x dx x
19. = sinh-1 + C (a 7 0) 20. = cosh-1 + C (x 7 a 7 0)
22 a 22 a

Forms Involving ax + b
(ax + b)n + 1
L
21. (ax + b)n dx = + C, n ≠ -1
a(n + 1)

c d + C, n ≠ -1, -2
(ax + b)n + 1 ax + b
L
b
22. x(ax + b)n dx = -
a2 n + 2 n + 1

(ax + b)-1 dx = a ln 0 ax + b 0 + C
L L
1 x b
23. 24. x(ax + b)-1 dx = a - 2 ln  ax + b  + C

c ln 0 ax + b 0 +
a

d + C
L L x(ax + b) b
1 b dx 1 x 2
= ln 2

2 1 2ax + b 2
25. x(ax + b)-2 dx = 26. + C
a2 ax + b ax + b

1 2ax + b 2 dx =
2ax + b
dx = 2 2ax + b + b
n+2

L L L x 2ax + b
n dx
27. + C, n ≠ -2 28.
a n + 2 x

T-1
T-2 A Brief Table of Integrals

ln ` ` + C
2ax + b - 2b
L x 2ax + b L x 2ax - b A b
ax - b
2b 2ax + b + 2b 2b
dx 1 dx 2
29. (a) = (b) = tan-1 + C

2ax + b 2ax + b 2ax + b

L 2 L x 2ax + b L x2 2ax + b 2b L x 2ax + b
a dx dx a dx
30. dx = - + + C 31. = - - + C
x2 x bx

Forms Involving a 2 + x 2

L L (a + x )
dx 1 x dx x 1 x
32. = tan-1 + C 33. = + 3 tan-1 + C

= sinh-1 a + C = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
a 2
+ x 2 a a 2 2 2
2a2 ( a2 + x2 ) 2a a

L 2a + x
dx x
34.

ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
2
2

2a2 + x2 dx = 2a2 + x2 +
L
x a2
35.

ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
2 2

x2 2a2 + x2 dx = a + 2x2 ) 2a2 + x2 -

L
x 2 a4
36.
8
( 8

dx = 2a2 + x2 - a ln ` ` + C
2a2 + x2 a + 2a2 + x2
L
37.

dx = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 -
x x

2a2 + x2 2a2 + x2
L
38. + C

1 2a2 + x2 2 +
x2 x

x 2a2 + x2
L 2a2 + x2
x2 a2
39. dx = - ln x + + C
2 2

` ` + C
a + 2a2 + x2 2a2 + x2
L x 2a2 + x2 L x2 2a2 + x2
dx 1 dx
40. = - ln x 41. = - + C
a a2x

Forms Involving a 2 − x 2

La - x
x + a
L (a - x )
dx 1 dx x 1 x + a
42. = ln 2 x - a 2 + C 43. = 2 2 + 3 ln 2 x - a 2 + C
2 2 2a 2 2 2
2a ( a - x2 ) 4a

2a2 - x2 dx = 2a2 - x2 +
L 2a - x L
dx x x a2 -1 x
44. = sin-1 + C 45. sin + C
2
2 a 2 2 a

x2 2a2 - x2 dx = - x 2a2 - x2 ( a2 - 2x2 ) + C

L
a4 -1 x 1
46. sin
8 a 8

dx = 2a2 - x2 - a ln ` ` + C
2a2 - x2 a + 2a2 - x2 2a2 - x2 2a2 - x2
L L
x
47. x x 48. 2
dx = -sin-1 - x + C
x a

= - ln ` ` + C
a + 2a2 - x2
- x 2a2 - x2 + C
L 2a - x L x 2a - x
x2 a2 -1 x 1 dx 1
49. dx = sin 50. x
2
2 2 a 2 2 2 a
2a2 - x2
L x 2a - x
dx
51. = - + C
22 2 a2x

= ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C
Forms Involving x 2 − a 2

L 2x - a2
dx
52.

ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C
2

2x2 - a2 dx = 2x2 - a2 -
L
x a2
53.
2 2
 A Brief Table of Integrals T-3

x1 2x2 - a2 2n
1 2x2 - a2 2 dx = 1 2x2 - a2 2n - 2 dx, n ≠ -1
L n + 1L
na2

x1 2x2 - a2 22 - n
n
54. -
n + 1

L 1 2 1 - a2 2
n - 3
2 L 2
dx dx
= -

1 2x2 - a2 2n + 2
55. n-2 , n ≠ 2
- 2 n - 2
- 2

x1 2x2 - a2 2n dx =
x 2
a (2 n)a (n 2)a x 2

L
56. + C, n ≠ -2
n + 2

x2 2x2 - a2 dx = 2x2 - a2 ) 2x2 - a2 - ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C

L
x a4
57.
8
( 8

dx = 2x2 - a2 - a sec-1 ` a ` + C
2x2 - a2
L
x
58. x

dx = ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 -
2x2 - a2 2x2 - a2
L
59. 2 x + C

ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + 2x2 - a2 + C
x

L 2x - a
x2 a2 x
60. dx =
2 2 2 2

= sec-1 ` ` + C = cos-1 ` ` + C
2x2 - a2
L x 2x - a L x2 2x2 - a2
dx 1 x 1 a dx
61. 62. = + C
2 2 a a a x a2x
Trigonometric Forms

L L
1 1
63. sin ax dx = - a cos ax + C 64. cos ax dx = a sin ax + C

L L
x sin 2ax x sin 2ax
65. sin2 ax dx = - + C 66. cos2 ax dx = + + C
2 4a 2 4a

sinn - 1 ax cos ax n - 1
L L
67. sinn ax dx = - na + n sinn - 2 ax dx

cosn - 1 ax sin ax n - 1
L L
68. cosn ax dx = na + n cosn - 2 ax dx

cos(a + b)x cos(a - b)x

L
69. (a) sin ax cos bx dx = - - + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a + b) 2(a - b)
sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x
L
(b) sin ax sin bx dx = - + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a - b) 2(a + b)
sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x
L
(c) cos ax cos bx dx = + + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a - b) 2(a + b)

sinn + 1 ax
L L
cos 2ax
70. sin ax cos ax dx = - + C 71. sinn ax cos ax dx = + C, n ≠ -1
4a (n + 1)a

cosn + 1 ax
L sin ax L
cos ax 1
72. dx = a ln  sin ax  + C 73. cosn ax sin ax dx = - + C, n ≠ -1
(n + 1)a

L
sin ax 1
74. cos ax dx = - a ln  cos ax  + C

sinn - 1 ax cosm + 1 ax
L m + nL
n - 1
75. sinn ax cosm ax dx = - + sinn - 2 ax cosm ax dx, n ≠ -m (reduces sinn ax)
a(m + n)

sinn + 1 ax cosm - 1 ax m - 1
L m + nL
76. sinn ax cosm ax dx = + sinn ax cosm - 2 ax dx, m ≠ -n (reduces cosm ax)
a(m + n)
T-4 A Brief Table of Integrals

tan-1 c tana - b d + C, b2 7 c2
L b + c sin ax a 2b2 - c2 Ab + c
dx -2 b - c p ax
77. =
4 2

ln ` ` + C,
c + b sin ax + 2c2 - b2 cos ax
L b + c sin ax a 2c - b
dx -1
78. = b2 6 c2
2 2 b + c sin ax

= - tan a - b + C = a tan a + b + C
L 1 + sin ax L 1 - sin ax
dx 1 p ax dx 1 p ax
79. 80.
a 4 2 4 2

tan-1 c tan d + C, b2 7 c2
L b + c cos ax a 2b2 - c2 Ab + c
dx 2 b - c ax
81. =
2

ln ` ` + C,
c + b cos ax + 2c2 - b2 sin ax
L b + c cos ax a 2c - b
dx 1
82. = b2 6 c2
2 2 b + c cos ax

L 1 + cos ax a L 1 - cos ax
dx 1 ax dx 1 ax
83. = tan + C 84. = - cot + C
2 a 2

L L
1 x 1 x
85. x sin ax dx = 2
sin ax - cos ax + C 86. x cos ax dx = 2
cos ax + sin ax + C
a a a a

L L L L
xn n xn n
87. xn sin ax dx = - a cos ax + a xn - 1 cos ax dx 88. xn cos ax dx = a sin ax - a xn - 1 sin ax dx

tan ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax 0 + C cot ax dx = a ln 0 sin ax 0 + C

L L
1 1
89. 90.

L L
1 1
91. tan2 ax dx = a tan ax - x + C 92. cot2 ax dx = - a cot ax - x + C

tann - 1 ax cotn - 1 ax
L a(n - 1) L L a(n - 1) L
93. tann ax dx = - tann - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1 94. cotn ax dx = - - cotn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1

sec ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax + tan ax 0 + C csc ax dx = - a ln 0 csc ax + cot ax 0 + C

L L
1 1
95. 96.

L L
1 1
97. sec2 ax dx = a tan ax + C 98. csc2 ax dx = - a cot ax + C

secn - 2 ax tan ax n - 2
L n - 1L
99. secn ax dx = + secn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
a(n - 1)

cscn - 2 ax cot ax n - 2
L n - 1L
100. cscn ax dx = - + cscn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
a(n - 1)

L L
secn ax cscn ax
101. secn ax tan ax dx = na + C, n ≠ 0 102. cscn ax cot ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0

Inverse Trigonometric Forms

sin-1 ax dx = x sin-1 ax + a 21 - a2x2 + C cos-1 ax dx = x cos-1 ax - a 21 - a2x2 + C

L L
1 1
103. 104.

L
1
105. tan-1 ax dx = x tan-1 ax - ln ( 1 + a2x2 ) + C
2a

xn + 1 xn + 1 dx
L n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
a
106. xn sin-1 ax dx = sin-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
n + 1
 A Brief Table of Integrals T-5

xn + 1 xn + 1 dx
L n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
a
107. xn cos-1 ax dx = cos-1 ax + , n ≠ -1
n + 1

xn + 1 xn + 1 dx
L n + 1 L 1 + a2x2
a
108. xn tan-1 ax dx = tan-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
n + 1
Exponential and Logarithmic Forms

L L
1 1 bax
109. eax dx = a eax + C 110. bax dx = + C, b 7 0, b ≠ 1
a ln b

L L L
ax
e 1 n
111. xeax dx = (ax - 1) + C 112. xneax dx = a xneax - a xn - 1eax dx
a2

L a ln b a ln b L
xnbax n
113. xnbax dx = - xn - 1bax dx, b 7 0, b ≠ 1

L
eax
114. eax sin bx dx = (a sin bx - b cos bx) + C
a + b2
2

L L
eax
115. eax cos bx dx = (a cos bx + b sin bx) + C 116. ln ax dx = x ln ax - x + C
a + b2
2

xn + 1(ln ax)m
L n + 1L
m
117. xn(ln ax)m dx = - xn(ln ax)m - 1 dx, n ≠ -1
n + 1

= ln 0 ln ax 0 + C
(ln ax)m + 1
L L
dx
118. x-1(ln ax)m dx = + C, m ≠ -1 119.
m + 1 x ln ax
Forms Involving 22ax − x2, a + 0

= sin-1 a a b + C
L 22ax - x2
dx x - a
120.

22ax - x2 dx = 22ax - x2 + sin a a b + C

L
x - a a2 -1 x - a

(x - a)1 22ax - x2 2n
121.

1 22ax - x2 2 dx = 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2 dx
2 2

L n + 1L
(x - a)1 22ax - x2 22 - n
n na2
122. +
n + 1

L 1 22ax - x2 2 (n - 2)a2 L 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2

dx n - 3 dx
123. = +
n
(n - 2)a2

sin a a b + C
(x + a)(2x - 3a) 22ax - x2 a3 -1 x - a
x 22ax - x2 dx =
L
124. +
6 2

dx = 22ax - x2 + a sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x2
L
x - a
125. x

- sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x2
L A
2a - x x - a
126. dx = -2 x
x2

= a sin-1 a a b - 22ax - x2 + C
L 22ax - x2 aA x
x - a
L x 22ax - x
x dx dx 1 2a - x
127. 128. 2
= - + C

Hyperbolic Forms

L L
1 1
129. sinh ax dx = a cosh ax + C 130. cosh ax dx = a sinh ax + C

L L
sinh 2ax x sinh 2ax x
131. sinh2 ax dx = - + C 132. cosh2 ax dx = + + C
4a 2 4a 2
T-6 A Brief Table of Integrals

sinhn - 1 ax cosh ax n - 1
L L
133. sinhn ax dx = na - n sinhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0

coshn - 1 ax sinh ax n - 1
L L
134. coshn ax dx = na + n coshn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0

L L
x 1 x 1
135. x sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - 2 sinh ax + C 136. x cosh ax dx = sinh ax - 2 cosh ax + C
a a a

L L L L
xn n xn n
137. xn sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - a xn - 1 cosh ax dx 138. xn cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - a xn - 1 sinh ax dx

L L
1 1
139. tanh ax dx = a ln (cosh ax) + C 140. coth ax dx = a ln  sinh ax  + C

L L
1 1
141. tanh2 ax dx = x - a tanh ax + C 142. coth2 ax dx = x - a coth ax + C

tanhn - 1 ax
L L
143. tanhn ax dx = - + tanhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

cothn - 1 ax
L L
144. cothn ax dx = - + cothn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L L
1 1 ax
145. sech ax dx = a sin-1 (tanh ax) + C 146. csch ax dx = a ln 2 tanh 2 + C
2

L L
1 1
147. sech2 ax dx = a tanh ax + C 148. csch2 ax dx = - a coth ax + C

sechn - 2 ax tanh ax n - 2
L n - 1L
149. sechn ax dx = + sechn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

cschn - 2 ax coth ax n - 2
L n - 1L
150. cschn ax dx = - - cschn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L L
sechn ax cschn ax
151. sechn ax tanh ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0 152. cschn ax coth ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0

c d + C, a2 ≠ b2
e-bx
L
eax ebx
153. eax sinh bx dx = -
2 a + b a - b

c d + C, a2 ≠ b2
e-bx
L
eax ebx
154. eax cosh bx dx = +
2 a + b a - b

Some Definite Integrals

q q

L0 L0 2A a
n - 1 -x 1 p
e dx = Γ(n) = (n - 1)!, n 7 0 e-ax dx = , a 7 0
2
155. x 156.

1 # 3 # 5 # g # (n - 1) # p
2#4#6# g#n
p>2 p>2 , if n is an even integer Ú 2
2
L0 L0 2 # 4 # 6 # g # (n - 1)
157. sin x dx =
n
cos x dx = d
n

3#5#7# g#n
, if n is an odd integer Ú 3