Module - 5

Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru

• Power transmission and distribution:

• Concept of power transmission and power distribution. Low voltage

distribution system (400 V and 230 V) for domestic, commercial, and

small-scale industry through block diagrams only.

• Electricity bill:

• Power rating of household appliances including air conditioners, PCs,

Syllabus laptops, printers etc. Definition of “unit” used for consumption of

electrical energy, two-part electricity tariff, calculation of electricity
bill for domestic consumers.

• Equipment Safety measures:

• Working principle of Fuse and Miniature circuit breaker (MCB),

2
merits and demerits. Personal safety measures: Electric Shock,
Earthing and its types, Safety Precautions to avoid shock and

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB).

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 Power
Transmission
and
Distribution -
Introduction

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 Transmission
and
Distribution
Scheme

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 Schematic
Representation of
Transmission and
distribution system

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Con…

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 Line Representation of Transmission and
distribution system

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 Con…

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Components
of
Distribution

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Fuse

• An electrical fuse is a safety device that

operates to provide protection against
the overflow of current in an electrical
circuit. An important component of an
electrical fuse is a metal wire or strip
that melts when excess current flows
through it. It helps to protect the device
by stopping or interrupting the current.

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 Working Principle of Fuse
• To understand the working principle behind an electrical fuse, two critical concepts should be kept in mind Current flows in
a loop Heating effect of current. Electric current can flow through a conductor only when the circuit formed is complete. If
there is a break in the loop, electric charges cannot flow through. This is also how switches operate. For example, when you
put on the light switches at home, the lights come on because you have just completed the circuit allowing charges from
the power source to flow through and power your lights. When current passes through a conductor, the different electrical
components of the circuit like the devices attached or even the wire itself, offer resistance to the current flow. The work
done to overcome this resistance presents itself in the form of heat. This is a simple explanation of the “heating effect” of
current.

Principle Of Electrical Fuse

• The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive current and to prevent short circuits or
mismatched loads. Electrical fuses play the role of miniature circuit breakers. Apart from protecting equipment, they are
also used as safety measures to prevent any safety hazards to humans.

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 Con…
• The fuse wire in an electrical fuse is selected in such a way that it does not face any damage when the
normally stipulated amount of current flows through the circuit. Under normal conditions, the fuse wire is a
part of the circuitry, contributing to a complete loop for charges to flow through it. However, when an
excessive amount of current flows through the fuse wire, the heating effect of current causes the fuse wire
to melt. This is because the fuse wire is chosen such that it has a low melting point. This causes the loop to
break thereby stopping the flow of charges in the circuit.

• It is important to select a fuse that is properly specified for the circuit in consideration. For example, if the
fuse that is used is underrated, then it will fail even under normal current conditions, unnecessarily
breaking the circuit loop. If it is overrated, then it will not break the circuit when required and cause
equipment damage and failure and may even present itself as a safety hazard.

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 Functions of Fuse
In the field of electrical engineering, a fuse is a device that provides overcurrent protection to the
functional electrical circuit. Here, we have listed a few major functions of the fuse.

• Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body

• Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation

• Fuse prevents short-circuits

• Prevents overload and blackouts

• Prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads

• The markings on the fuse carry information such as the Ampere rating, voltage rating, and interruption
rating.

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 Merits of Fuse

• Fuses are the cheapest form of protection.

• The fuse element change very easily.

• The fuse needs zero maintenance.

• It affords the current limiting effect under short circuit conditions.

• Its operation is completely automatic and requires less time as compared to circuit breakers and no complexity is involved

• Most of the fuses are self-protecting and also they extinguishing the arc.

• When we use the small size of the fuse element impose a current limiting effect under short circuit conditions.

• Its inverse time-current characteristics enable its use for overload protection.

• Fuse has the ability to interrupt enormous short circuits without producing noise, flame or smoke.

• Easy to removable for replacement without any damage to coming into contact with a live part.

• The operation time of fuse can be much smaller than the operation of the circuit breaker. It is the primary protection device, against the
short circuits.
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 De Merits of Fuse
• It is not suitable for overload, at that time fuse blow off replacing of fuse takes time. During this period of lost power the protection of
fuse is not reliable, Low breaking capacity.

• Fuse is slow compared to circuit breakers. It is a slow speed.

• Considerable time is required in replacing a fuse after the operations, while the circuit breaker can be used multiple times.

• It can't bear a surge current in the case of motor starting, Fuse has not protected the circuit against under-voltage.

• The fusing elements of the fuse are exposed to air, hence it is oxidized. Therefore the resistance of the element is increased and
produced heat when the current passing through it. There is a possibility of renewal by the fuse wire of the wrong size.

• The current time characteristics of a fuse cannot always be correlated with that of the protective device.

• When fuses are connected in series it is difficult to discriminate against the fuse unless the fuse has a significant size difference.

• Fuse does not respond to the high voltage it only cares about current flowing and is not likely to melt and save the house in case of a
direct lightning strike. Accurate calibration of fuse wire is impossible, as longer fuse operates earlier than one of shorter length.

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 Miniature Circuit
Breaker (MCB)
• A Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) is an automatically
operated electrical switch used to protect low voltage
electrical circuits from damage caused by excess current
from an overload or short circuit. MCBs are typically
rated up to a current up to 125 A, do not have
adjustable trip characteristics, and can be thermal or
thermal-magnetic in operation.

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 • Miniature circuit breaker construction is very simple,
robust and maintenance-free. Generally, an MCB is
not repaired or maintained, it just replaced by a new
one when required. A miniature circuit breaker has

Construction normally three main constructional parts. These are:

: MCB 1. Frame of Miniature Circuit Breaker

• The frame of a miniature circuit breaker is a molded

case. This is a rigid, strong, insulated housing in which
the other components are mounted.

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 Con…
2. Operating Mechanism of Miniature Circuit Breaker

• The operating mechanism of a miniature circuit breaker provides the

means of manual opening and closing operation of a miniature circuit
breaker. It has three-positions “ON,” “OFF,” and “TRIPPED”. The external
switching latch can be in the “TRIPPED” position if the MCB is tripped
due to over-current.

• When manually switch off the MCB, the switching latch will be in the
“OFF” position. In the closed condition of an MCB, the switch is
positioned at “ON”. By observing the positions of the switching latch one
can determine the condition of MCB whether it is closed, tripped or
manually switched off.

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 Con…
3. Trip Unit of Miniature Circuit Breaker

The trip unit is the main part, responsible for the proper

working of the miniature circuit breaker. Two main types of trip

mechanisms are provided in MCB. A bimetal provides

protection against overload current and an electromagnet

provides protection against short-circuit current.

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Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 20
Operation of • There are three mechanisms provided in a single
miniature circuit breaker to make it switched off. If
Miniature we carefully observe the picture beside, we will find
Circuit there is mainly one bimetallic strip, one trip coil and

Breaker: one-hand operated on-off lever.

• The electric current-carrying path of a miniature

circuit breaker shown in the picture is as follows. First
left-hand side power terminal – then bimetallic strip –
then-current coil or trip coil – then moving contact –
then fixed contact and – lastly right had side power
terminal. All are arranged in series.

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 • If the circuit is overloaded for a long time, the bimetallic strip
becomes overheated and deformed. This deformation of
bimetallic strip causes, displacement of latch point. The

Con… moving contact of the MCB is so arranged by means of spring

pressure, with this latch point, that a little displacement of
latch causes, release of spring and makes the moving contact
to move for opening the MCB.

• The current coil or trip coil is placed in such a manner, that

during short circuit fault the MMF of that coil causes its
plunger to hit the same latch point and make the latch to be
displaced. Hence the MCB will open in the same manner.

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 Con…
Again when the operating lever of the miniature circuit breaker is operated by hand, that means when we
make the MCB at off position manually, the same latch point is displaced as a result moving contact
separated from fixed contact in the same manner.

Regardless of the operating mechanism – e.g. due to the deformation of the bimetallic strip, or due to the
increased MMF of the trip coil, or due to manual operation – the same latch point is displaced and same
deformed spring is released. This is ultimately responsible for the movement of the moving contact. When
the moving contact separated from fixed contact, there may be a high chance of arc.

This arc then goes up through the arc runner and enters into arc splitters and is finally quenched. When
we switch on an MCB, we actually reset the displaced operating latch to its previous on position and make
the MCB ready for another switch off or trip operation.

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 • MCB is the key component for the safety and
efficient functioning of the electric machines
and is used in most of the electrical appliances

Uses of MCB
that are used for industrial or domestic
purposes. In domestic usage appliances like
lights, heaters, and fans require MCB to
constantly check and protect the connection.

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 Electric Shock
• Electric shock is a jarring, shaking sensation resulting from contact with electric circuits or from the effects of lightning. The
victim usually feels that he or she received a sudden blow, if the voltage and resulting current is sufficiently high, the victims may
become unconscious. Severe burns may appear on the skin at the place of contact muscular spasm may occur, causing the victim
to clasp the apparatus or wire which causes the shock and be unable to turn it loose.

• The amount of current that may pass through the body without danger depends on the individual or current quantity, type, path
and length of contact time.

• Body resistance varies from 1000 to 5, 00,000 ohms for unbroken dry skin. Resistance low as 5milliamperes can be dangerous. If
the palm of the hand makes contact with the conductor, a current of about12 milli amperes will tend to cause the hand muscles
to contract, freezing the body to the conductor. Such a shock mayor may not cause serious damage, depending on the contact
time and your physical condition, particularly the condition of your heart. A current of 25milliamperes has been known to be
fatal. Due to the physiological and chemical nature of the human body five times more direct current than alternating current is
needed to freeze the same body to a conductor. Also 50-hertz (cycles per second) alternating current is about the most
dangerous frequency. This is normally used in residential, commercial and industrial power.

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 Con…
• The damage from shock is also proportional to the number of vital organs trans versed, especially the percentage of
current that reaches the heart Currents especially 100 and 200 mill amperes are lethal. Ventricular fibrillation of the heart
occurs when the current through the body approaches 100miliamperes. Ventricle fibrillation is the unco-ordinated actions
of the walls of the hearts ventricles. This in turn causes the loss of the pumping action of the heart. This fibrillation will
usually continue some force is used to restore the coordination of the hearts actions.

• Severe burns and unconsciousness are also produced by currents of 200 milli amperes or higher. These currents usually do
not cause death if the victim is given immediate attention. The victim will usually respond if rendered resuscitation
in the form of artificial respiration. This is due to 20 milli amperes of current clamping the heart muscles which prevents
the heart from going in to ventricular fibrillation. When a person is rendered unconscious by a current passing through the
body. It is impossible to tell you how much current caused the unconsciousness. Artificial respiration is to be applied
immediately if breathing has stopped.

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Effects of Electric Shock

There may be fatal paralysis of heart.

• There may be sudden stoppage of breathing due to paralysis of muscles used in
breathing.
• Heart may continue to beat, while breathing has stopped. In this condition the face
appears blue.
• There may be burns, either superficial or deep. They depend on the strength of the
electric current causing the injuries.

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 First Aid for Electric Shock

• Intelligent and prompt action of first aider is required in case of electric shock. If the first aider is not cautious, he may also receive severe electric shock
or even die along with the casualty. Therefore every employee or workers in the electrical field or those who are having electric supply should make
themselves familiar with the instructions given below:

• Removal from contact: When a person gets back a shock and he is in contact with the supply or conductor, first switch off the switch off the switch or
main. If the switch or main is not found, cut the cable with the help of axe or plastic handled knife but don’t use scissors. If the cable cutting is also not
possible in case of LT supply, the first aider should stand on an insulated material which is dry, if available rubber gloves should be worn, if not dry coat,
cap, clothing or folded newspaper should be used while removing the casualty victim. In case of HT supply there is greater danger. The casualty may not
be in casual contact

• with the wire as the current can pass through the gap causing an arc. The first aider should keep away from the wires and the casualty should be
dragged out by means of walking stick, dry rope, dry bamboo stick etc.

• See the victim’s clothes and extinguish the spark if smouldering.

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Con…
• Check the victim if he/she breathing but unconscious ring/send for a doctor. If the victim is not breathing, immediately
start artificial respiration as detailed below until first aid doctor or first aid arrives.

• In case of fire on electrical installation do not throw water on equipment, because water is a good conductor of electricity.
Electrical 290 Technician.

• Use fire extinguishers (CO2) if it is specified for use on electrical appliances.

• Don’t energies a line or conductor unless you are sure that it is clear and no one working on it.

• Use proper tools for specific work e.g. don’t use plier as a hammer.

• Replace immediately broken switches and plugs etc.

• All metallic parts of electrical equipment should be earthed.

• The conductor used must be of proper size to carry the load current safely.

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 Earthing and Its Importance

• The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to
the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing.

• The earthing protects the personnel from the short circuit current.

• The earthing provides the easiest path to the flow of short circuit current even after the
failure of the insulation.

• The earthing protects the apparatus and personnel from the high voltage surges and
lightning discharge.

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Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 31
 How earthing is done?

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Advantages :

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 Plate Earthing

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 Con…
Why Is Salt And Coal Added To Earthing?
• Salt and Coal are poured around the earth electrode. Because salt soaks the ground alkali. And
coal makes the ground moisture ashes. Which increases the conductivity of the ground. The
conductivity of the land will be high, only then the leakage current will easily go into the ground.

Why Is Water Added To Earthing?

• The ground dries up during the summer season. Due to which the conductivity of the ground is
reduced. To increase the moisture in the ground, water is poured through the funnel into the
Earthing. A cast iron lid is placed over the Earthing funnel so that the path of pouring water into
the earring is not closed.

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Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 36
 • A pit is made 70cm long, 70cm wide and 3.75 meters
deep in the ground for Pipe Earthing. a G.I., 38mm in
diameter and 2 meters long. The Pipe is used as the earth
electrode in that pit.

• The entire surface of that Pipe has 12mm holes. Which

are made at a spacing of 7.5 cm. This means the electrode
Pipe Earthing is fitted with a reducing socket with a diameter of 19mm
and two such 12.7mm diameter G.I. Pipes are connected.

• A funnel is attached at the top end of the 19mm diameter

Pipe. The funnel is used to water the Earthing. An open
conductor for the earth lead is connected to the earth
electrode through a 12.7mm diameter Pipe.

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 Con…
• The purpose is that the earth lid should not be damaged anywhere.

• Earth is laid around every layer of electrode at an interval of 15-15cm with sandy, sand and coal layer by
layer.

• Meaning the pit above the electrode is covered with soil.

• The earth conductor, which is lifted out of a Pipe of 12.7mm diameter, is carried forward 60 cm below the
ground, to the place where Earthing is to be done.

• A 30 × 30 cm cement concrete tank is built around the funnel. It is covered with a lid of cast iron.

• This type of Pipe is used for wiring installation of Earthing low and medium voltage.

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Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 39
 RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER
(RCCB)
• A Residual Current Circuit Breakers is another different class of Circuit Breakers. A Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)
is essentially a current sensing device used to protect a low voltage circuit in case of a fault. It contains a switch device that
switches off whenever a fault occurs in the connected circuit.

• Purpose of RCCB

• Residual Current Circuit Breakers are aimed at protecting an individual from the risks of electrical shocks, electrocution
and fires that are caused due to faulty wiring or earth faults. RCCB is particularly useful in situations where there is a
sudden earth fault occurring in the circuit.

• For example, A person accidentally comes in contact with an open live wire in the circuit.
In such situation, in absence of an RCCB in the circuit, an earth fault may occur and the person is at the risk of receiving an
electrical shock. However, if the same circuit is protected with RCCB, it will trip the circuit in fraction of a second thus
preventing the person from receiving an electrical shock. Therefore, it is a good and safe practice to install RCCB in your
electrical circuit.

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 • RCCB is meant for protection from earth faults and associated risk to
human life such as electrical shocks. The underlying fundamental
principle behind operation of RCCB is that in ideal situations the
current flowing in to the circuit through live (hot) wire should be
same as the returning current from the neutral.

• In case of an earth fault, the current finds a passage to earth through

accidental means (such as accidental contact with an open wire etc.).
How does it As a result the returning current from neutral is reduced. This

Protect ? differential in the current is also known as “Residual Current”.

RCCB is designed such way that it continuously senses and compares
for difference (residual current value) in current values between the
live and neutral wires. Any small change in the current value on
account of such event would trigger the RCCB to trip off the circuit.

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 Types of RCCBs

• 2 Pole RCCB: It is used in case of a single phase supply that involves only a live and neutral wire. It is as
displayed in image below. It contains two ends where the live and neutral wires are connected. A
Rotary switch is used to switch the RCCB back to ON or OFF positions. A test button helps to
periodically test the RCCB functionality.

• 4 Pole RCCB: It is used in cases of a three phase supply connection involving three phase wires and a
neutral. It is as displayed in image below. It consists of two ends where the three phases and neutral
wire is connected.

• Besides this it is similar in construction and operation as 2 Pole RCCB. RCCBs come in different ratings
like: 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA

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 • Today’s interconnected power systems supply a
number of consumers. With such a big organization,
management, economy and control come into
account automatically. The supply companies
(usually in the public sector) have to sell their
Tariff electricity at such a rate that it covers the costs of
generation, transmission, distribution, the salaries
of the employees, the interest and depreciation and
the profit targeted by the company. This rate at
which electrical energy is sold to the consumers is
termed as ‘tariff.’

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 Types of Tariff
Flat Demand Rate tariff

Straight-line Meter rate tariff

Block meter Rate tariff

Two-part tariff

Power factor tariff

Seasonal rate tariff

Peak load tariff

Three-part tariff

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 Characteristics of a Tariff:
Proper return:

•The total receipts from the consumers must be equal to the cost of producing and supplying
electrical energy plus reasonable profit.

•This will enable the electric supply company to ensure continuous and reliable service to the

consumers.

Fairness:

•The tariff must be fair so that different types of consumers are satisfied with the rate of charge
of electrical energy.

•A big consumer should be charged at a lower rate than a small consumer with fixed charges and

thus reducing overall production cost of electrical energy.

•A consumer whose load conditions do not deviate much from the non-variable load should be
charged at a lower rate than big consumers with variable load.

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 (iii) Simplicity:
• The tariff should be simple so that an ordinary consumer can easily understand it.

• A complicated tariff may cause an opposition from the public which is generally distrustful of supply
companies.

(iv) Reasonable profit:

Con… • The profit element in the tariff should be reasonable.

• An electric supply company is a public utility company and generally enjoys the benefits of monopoly.

• The investment is relatively safe due to non-competition in the market and the profit is to be restricted to 8%
or so per annum.

(v) Attractive:
• The tariff should be attractive so that a large number of consumers are encouraged to use electrical energy.

• Efforts should be made to fix the tariff in such a way so that consumers can pay easily.

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 • Definition: When the rate of electrical energy is charged on the basis of
maximum demand of the consumer and the units consumed it is called two-part
tariff.

• In this tariff scheme, the total costs charged to the consumers consist of two
components: fixed charges and running charges. It can be expressed as:
Total Cost = [A (kW) + B (kWh)] Rs.
Where, A = charge per kW of max demand (i.e. A is a constant which when
multiplied with max demand (kW) gives the total fixed costs.)

Two Part Tariff

B = charge per kWh of energy consumed (i.e. B is a constant which when
multiplied with units consumed (kWh), gives total running charges.)

• The fixed charges will depend upon maximum demand of the consumer and the
running charge will depend upon the energy (units) consumed. The fixed charges
are due to the interest and depreciation on the capital cost of building and
equipment, taxes and a part of operating cost which is independent of energy
generated. On the other hand, the running charges are due to the operating cost
which varies with variation in generated (or supplied) energy.

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 Con…
Advantages:

• It is easily understood by the consumer.

• It recovers fixed charges which depend upon the maximum

demand of the consumer independent of the units consumed.

Disadvantages:

• Consumer has to pay the fixed charges irrespective of the fact

whether he has consumed or not the electrical energy.

• There is always error in assessing the maximum demand of the

consumer.

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 List of Examples of Electrical Appliances

Microwave Vacuum Washing

Ceiling Fan(15-100 Table Fan(10-70 Dishwasher(1000-
Oven(500-1700 Cleaner(100-900 Machine(300 -
watts) watts) 1500 watts)
watts) watts) 1000 watts)

Hand Drilling
Refridgerator(800 Mixer Grinder(80 - Computer(50 -250 Laptop(80 - 150 Printer(80 - 200
Machine(250 -
- 2000 watts) 200 watts) watts) watts) watts)
1000 watts)

Dehumidifier(300 Hair Dryer(80 - Coffee Maker(400 Frying Pan(800 - Audio System(20 - Food Blender(200
- 500 watts) 200 watts) - 800 watts) 1200 watts) 300 watts) - 400 watts)

Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru Monday, 10 March 2025 49
 • A consumer has a maximum demand of 300 kW at 35% load factor. If the tariff is Rs. 125
per kW of maximum demand plus 15 paise per kWh, calculate the overall cost per kWh.

Solution −

Units Consumed/annum= [Link] × Load factor × Hours in a year

Units Consumed/annum = 300 × .35 × 8760 = 919800 kWh

Numerical Annual energy charges = (Units Consumed/annum) × (Rs./kWh )

Annual energy charges = 919800 × .15 = Rs.137970

Example Total annual charges = Annual max. demand charges + Annual energy charges

Total annual charges = (300 × 125) + 137970 = Rs. 175470

Therefore,

• Overall cost per kWh = Rs. 175470/919800 = Re. 0.1907 = 19.07 paise

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What is kilowatt hour?

• A kilowatt-hour, otherwise known as a kWh, is a way to measure how much energy you’re
using.

• It’s not the number of kilowatts you’re using in an hour, even though that seems to make
sense. A kWh equals the amount of energy you would use by keeping a 1,000 watt
appliance running for one hour. In metric, 1,000 = kilo, so 1,000 watts equals a kilowatt.

• For instance, if you turned on a 100 watt bulb, it would take 10 hours to use one kilowatt-
hour of energy. A 2,000 watt appliance, on the other hand, would only take half an hour. It
all comes down to dividing the number of watts in an appliance into 1,000.

Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 51
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Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru
Monday, 10 March 2025

• Heating and cooling your home use the most electricity, and are around 50% of your bill. But in second place are

How Do I Calculate •
your appliances, at around 20% of your bill.

You can calculate how much power they use with a simple exercise. This can help you figure our how many kWh

How Many kWh an

your house uses per day and where the power goes.

• Make a list of major appliances in your home (washing machine, dish washer, refrigerator, television should be
on there…)

Appliance Uses? •

•
Look for a tag on the appliance that looks like this:

Write down the number of watts consumed by that appliance

 Example : 1
Appliance: Refrigerator

• Number of Watts: 300 watts

• Hours used per day: 8 hours (while it keeps your

food cold all day long, the motor is only running
about 8 hours a day)

• 300 watts X 8 hours = 2,400 watt-hours per day

• 2,400 watt-hours per day / 1000 = 2.4 kWh per day

• 2.4 kWh per day X 30 days in a month = 72 kWh per

month

Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 53
Example : 2
2.4 kWh per day *
Appliance: 30 days in a month
Dishwasher = 72 kWh per
month

2,400 watt-hours
Number of
per day / 1000 =
Watts: 1200 watts
2.4 kWh per day

1200 watts X 2
Hours used per
hours = 2,400 watt-
day: 2 hours
hours per day

Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 54
 Example 3 :
• Air fryers are one of the more popular kitchen gadgets, so we’ll do the math for you.

The average air fryer is 1450 watts. And the amount of electricity your air fryer uses will depend on
what you are cooking and for how long.

Let’s say we’re cooking some air fryer fried chicken, which will take around 30 minutes at 400*.
Air Fryer Wattage: 1450
Time used: .5 hours
1450 watts X .5 hours = 725 watt-hours used
750 watt-hours / 1000 = .75 kWh to cook fried chicken in an air fryer.

So if you ate fried chicken every day for a month (yum), in a month your air fryer would use 22.5 kWh of
electricity. In Texas, where the average electricity price is 11.5 cents per kWh, you’d spend $2.59 using
your air fryer.

Monday, 10 March 2025 Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam, Head I&E, EEE, CMRIT, Bengaluru 55
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