Name:_______________________________________Student ID#__________________

Environmental Science Part 2 Exam

Matching (worth 7 points, 1 point each)
1. Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II.

Column I Column II
energy efficiency
A. process of returning land to
landfill its original or better
reclamation condition after mining is
completed
tidal power
B. generated by a gate that closes
biodegradable and opens in a dam during
ocean thermal energy high and low tides
conversion C. method that consists of the
hazardous waste disposal of waste in the ground,
which is covered daily with
soil, plastic, or both
D. the percentage of energy put into
a system that does useful work
E. most natural products are an
example of this type of material
that can be absorbed by the
environment
F. contains toxic, corrosive, and/or
explosive material
G. system where warm surface
water is used to boil sea water
 Multiple Choice (worth 2 points each)
_______2. The major sources of ocean pollution come from
a. decaying sea life. c. the ocean floor.
b. activities that occur on land. d. legal dumping from ships.
_______3. The world-famous French oceanographer who produced popular books, films,
and TV programs documenting undersea explorations was
a. Garrett Hardin. c. Jacques Cousteau.
b. Alice Hamilton. d. John Muir.
_______4. Which of the following issues hinders efforts to achieve sustainability?
a. who will solve environmental problems
b. who is responsible for environmental problems
c. who pays the costs of implementing solutions
d. all of the above
_______5. All of the following are choices that you can make as an individual that might
affect the environment EXCEPT
a. whether or not you recycle. c. what you buy.
b. how you speak. d. what you eat.
_______6. Water is distributed on Earth in which of the following locations?
a. freshwater found in icecaps and glaciers
b. freshwater found in rivers, lakes, and aquifers
c. salt water found in the ocean
d. all of the above
_______7. was influential in the study of chimpanzees and wrote books
that raised awareness of several endangered species.
a. Henry D. Thoreau c. Rachel Carson
b. Jane Goodall d. Marion Stoddart
_______8. Which of the following factors does NOT help predict future oil production and
its future cost?
a. the number of oil refineries operating in the past
b. changes in technology
c. cost of obtaining fuels
d. number of oil deposits discovered
_______9. Overharvesting affects the supply of aquatic organisms used for food by
a. limiting the reproduction processes of the surviving organisms.
b. adding too many organisms into the environment.
c. catching and/or removing more organisms that the population can replace.
d. increasing the amount of food available for the organisms to eat so that
they grow at a rapid pace.
_______10. Residential uses of water include which of the following?
a. gardening c. cooking
b. drinking d. all of the above
_______11. High construction costs, safety concerns, and locating a safe storage place
are all disadvantages of
a. toxic waste. c. nuclear fusion.
b. nuclear energy. d. solar energy.
_______12. Latitude strongly influences climate because solar energy falls
on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles.
a. less c. the same amount of
b. more d. sometimes less
_______13. is a serious environmental problem, which is produced
when organic waste decomposes deep in a landfill where there is no oxygen.
a. Iron c. Leachate
b. Methane d. Mercury
_______14. Which of the following represents an example of how pollution can come from
both natural sources and human activities?
a. natural pollution from volcanoes and human pollution from
chemicals in industrial activities
b. natural pollution from the airplanes and human pollution from radon
c. natural pollution from streams and human pollution from fishing
d. natural pollution from fossil fuels and human pollution from particulate
matter
_______15. An agricultural method by which water is delivered to plants in a way other
than precipitation is called
a. wastewater. c. runoff.
b. drainage. d. irrigation.

_______16. What was the main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change in 1997?
 a. to increase the greenhouse emissions on Earth by 35%
b. to eliminate substances that damage the atmosphere’s protective ozone
layer
c. to reduce worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases
d. to recognize internationally the problems of climate change
_______17. After an outbreak of an illness, scientists use epidemiology to try to find
a. the origin of the disease. c. how to prevent the disease from
spreading.
b. how the disease spreads. d. all of the above
_______18. The seasons are caused by
a. the change of climate in a specific area.
b. the temperature and amount of precipitation in the atmosphere.
c. latitude, atmospheric circulation patterns, local geography, solar
activity, and volcanic activity over a period of years.
d. the tilt of the Earth on its axis as the Earth revolves around the sun.
_______19. The five primary air pollutants are
a. sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, monoxides, radon, and organic emissions.
b. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic
compounds, and particulate matter.
c. cement plants, mining operations, incinerators, wood-burning fireplaces,
and coal- burning power plants.
d. carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and mercury.

_______20. Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear energy?

a. It does not produce solid waste.
b. It poses no safety risks.
c. It is cost-efficient.
d. It releases less radioactivity than coal-fired power plants.
_______21. As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases,
a. more ultraviolet light is able to reach Earth’s surface.
b. less solar energy is able to reach Earth’s surface.
c. the amount of methane in the atmosphere increases.
d. the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean increases.
_______22. What is the purpose of adding chlorine to water during the water treatment process?
a. to filter and remove large debris
b. to form flocs that bacteria and other impurities will cling to
c. to kill bacteria that have accumulated, as well as prevent future bacterial
growth
d. to remove unwanted gases
_______23. Which of the following is an example of a modern agricultural technique?
a. a plow pushed by the farmer
b. using manure and plant wastes as fertilizer
c. pulling weeds by hand
d. using synthetic chemicals to kill pests
_______24. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
a. the biosphere c. the ocean
b. the moon d. the sun
_______25. Which of the following are possible short-term effects of air pollution to humans?
a. headache, nausea, and upper respiratory infections
b. sore muscles, lethargy, and sleeplessness
c. cancer, sore throat, and cough
d. heartburn, irritability, and fever
_______26. Persistent pesticides are those that
a. require repeated high-dose use for optimum effect.
b. retain their popularity among U.S. farmers.
c. do not break down quickly or easily, and therefore become concentrated in
organisms high on the food chain.
d. possess the greatest chemical toxicity.
_______27. Ultraviolet radiation (UV light) causes which of these damaging effects in humans?
a. increased incidence of skin cancer and cataracts
b. weakened immune system
c. premature aging of the skin
d. all of the above
_______28. A naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic
chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of
physical properties is called
a. ore. c. a mineral.
b. clay. d. shale.
_______29. A common feature of thermal pollution and artificial eutrophication is that they
both
a. have sources that are difficult to identify and control.
b. cause large mats of algae to bloom in fresh water.
c. are a result of power plants and other industrial activity.
d. decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.
_______30. In the United States, which of the following would increase energy efficiency?
a. using public transportation and developing more efficient engines for
vehicles
b. turning thermostats down in winter and up in summer
c. insulating homes and businesses
d. all of the above
_______31. Interference with photosynthesis and reduced crop yields in land plants are
examples of the damaging effects of
a. greenhouse gases. c. the climate.
b. the ozone layer. d. ultraviolet light.
_______32. A geothermal heat pump works by
a. creating flowing water which turns a turbine and generates electricity.
b. circulating fluid in a pipe underground and back to the surface to heat or
cool a home.
c. storing the sun’s energy and using it indirectly to heat water or a building.
d. producing electricity chemically by combining hydrogen and oxygen.
_______33. A true statement about greenhouse gases is that they
a. convert sunlight into heat energy that warms Earth.
b. are concentrated in the stratosphere.
c. trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth.
d. are not affected by human activity.
_______34. Urban sprawl affects the environment because
a. less land is available for food production.
b. fewer vehicles are needed for transportation.
c. more plants and trees are planted in these areas.
d. more water sources must be extended to these areas.
_______35. Quarrying and solar evaporation are included in which type of mining?
a. smelting c. placer
b. surface d. subsurface
_______36. Which of the following is NOT an environmental effect caused by deforestation?
a. effects on nearby organisms c. destruction of wildlife habitats
b. soil erosion d. increased plant population
_______37. Hydroelectric energy is produced by
a. flowing water turning a turbine which generates electricity.
b. circulating fluid in a pipe underground and back to the surface to heat or
cool a house.
c. heated water or steam pumped up from inside the Earth to power
a turbine that generates electricity.
d. storing the sun’s energy and using it to indirectly heat water.
_______38. Minerals that are valuable and economical to extract are called
a. nonmetallic minerals. c. metallic minerals.
b. ore minerals. d. coal minerals.
_______39. energy is generated when heated water or steam is pumped
up from inside the Earth to power a turbine that generates electricity.
a. Photovoltaic c. Hydroelectric
b. Passive solar d. Geothermal
_______40. Why is it important to preserve farmland?
a. Farmland provides an important oxygen source for urban areas.
b. Farmland moderates the temperature of urban areas.
c. Farmland provides crops and fruits to support urban and rural
populations.
d. all of the above
_______41. Which of the following is true about wind power technology?
a. easily erected in a few months c. cost effective due to price of wind
turbines
b. the fastest growing energy source d. all of the above
_______42. The critical difference between today’s global warming and Earth’s previous
climate changes is that
a. human-made chemicals such as CFCs do not influence global warming.
b. previous changes in climate were dramatic but very short-lived.
c. scientists can now save all species from extinction by genetic engineering.
d. global warming may occur much more rapidly than it did during
previous climate changes due to rising carbon dioxide levels.
 True or False (worth 2 points each)
_______43. Water is treated to make it potable, or safe, to drink by using the following
process: first filtration, coagulation, second filtration, chlorination, aeration, and
additional treatment.
a. True
b. False

_______44. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be burned as fuel.
a. True
b. False
_______45. Climate differs from weather because climate is the state of the atmosphere at a
moment in time at any location, and weather is the overall pattern of the climate at a
location recorded over a period of years.
a. True
b. False
_______46. Rural areas contain relatively few people and have large areas of open space.
a. True
b. False
_______47. Humans use land for recreation, houses, grazing of livestock, and
harvesting of resources.
a. True
b. False
_______48. Malnutrition is caused when people do not consume enough calories or a
sufficient variety of foods.
a. True
b. False
_______49. One of the reasons DDT is harmful to the environment is because it
concentrates in the bodies of animals high in the food chain.
a. True
b. False
_______50. Open-pit mining, surface coal mining, quarrying, and solar evaporation
are all methods of subsurface mining.
a. True
b. False
_______51. The recycling process includes collecting and sorting discarded materials by
type, taking the materials to a recycling facility, cleaning the discarded materials
so that they can be shredded or crushed, and reusing the shredded or crushed
material to manufacture new products.
a. True
b. False
 Essays (worth 6 points each)
52. In two or three well-developed paragraphs, list and explain at least three changes to the
environment that can lead to the spread of infectious diseases.
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53. In two or three well-developed paragraphs, describe the current causes of an

increased temperature on Earth. Describe what a warmer Earth would be like,
including what effect it would have on the world around us.
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54. In two or three well-developed paragraphs, list five pollutants affecting the environment and
human health. Also list the source of each of these pollutants, and identify the possible effects of
each one as well.
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