150 Definitions of Terms - Criminology

6: Dispute Resolution and

Crises/Incidents Management
I. Conflict and Dispute Resolution (1–50)
1. 1. Conflict – A disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups with
incompatible goals.
2. 2. Conflict Theory – Suggests conflicts arise from unequal distribution of
power/resources.
3. 3. Conflict Resolution – Process of resolving disagreement through constructive
negotiation.
4. 4. Avoiding – Ignoring conflict or withdrawing from the situation.
5. 5. Competing – Pursuing one's own concerns at the expense of others.
6. 6. Accommodating – Satisfying the concerns of others while neglecting one’s own.
7. 7. Collaborating – Working together to find a win-win solution.
8. 8. Compromising – Each party gives up something to reach a solution.
9. 9. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) – Any process of resolving disputes outside the
courtroom.
10. 10. Republic Act No. 9285 – Also known as the ADR Act of 2004.
11. 11. Arbitration – Binding decision-making by a third-party arbitrator.
12. 12. Mediator – A neutral third party who facilitates communication between disputants.
13. 13. Mediation – A voluntary process for settling disputes with help from a mediator.
14. 14. Conciliation – A non-binding process involving a neutral third party assisting
settlement.
15. 15. Early Neutral Evaluation – Assessment by a neutral expert in pre-trial phase.
16. 16. Mini-Trial – A structured method to settle disputes by senior decision makers.
17. 17. Mediation-Arbitration (Med-Arb) – A hybrid process combining mediation and
arbitration.
18. 18. Award – Decision rendered by arbitrator(s) in arbitration.
19. 19. Arbitrator – Person appointed to render decision in arbitration.
20. 20. ADR Provider – Accredited mediator, arbitrator, or evaluator.
21. 21. Party Autonomy – Freedom to determine the method of dispute resolution.
22. 22. Recognition and Enforcement of Awards – Legal acknowledgment of arbitration
decisions.
23. 23. Domestic Arbitration – Arbitration confined within national boundaries.
24. 24. International Arbitration – Arbitration involving parties from different countries.
25. 25. Institutional Arbitration – Managed by a recognized arbitration institution.
26. 26. Ad Hoc Arbitration – Not administered by an institution.
27. 27. Certified Mediator – One trained and certified by the Office for ADR.
28. 28. Neutral Evaluation – An ADR process where parties get a non-binding assessment.
29. 29. Mediation Party – A person whose consent is necessary to settle dispute.
30. 30. Non-Party Participant – Person other than the mediator or party (e.g., expert).
31. 31. Settlement Agreement – Agreement reached after successful mediation.
32. 32. Court-Annexed Mediation – Ordered by a court, under its rules.
33. 33. Court-Referred Mediation – Based on existing agreement but prematurely litigated.
34. 34. Restorative Justice – Emphasizes repairing harm caused by criminal behavior.
35. 35. Katarungang Pambarangay – Barangay-based community dispute resolution.
36. 36. Impartiality – Fairness and neutrality of mediator or arbitrator.
37. 37. Confidentiality – Protection of all information in mediation or arbitration.
38. 38. Consent – Voluntary agreement to participate.
39. 39. Self-Determination – Right of parties to decide the outcome.
40. 40. Ethical Standards – Professional conduct expectations.
41. 41. Conflict of Interest – Personal interest compromising neutrality.
42. 42. Arbitration Agreement – Contract to resolve disputes via arbitration.
43. 43. OADR – Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution.
44. 44. Legal Representation – Right to be assisted by a lawyer.
45. 45. Voluntariness – Freedom to enter mediation without coercion.
46. 46. Mediator Withdrawal – Refusal to proceed due to conflict, bias, or safety issues.
47. 47. Settlement Enforcement – Making the settlement legally binding.
48. 48. Waiver of Rights – Voluntary relinquishment of a known right.
49. 49. Administrative Fees – Fees for services in institutional ADR.
50. 50. Unjustified Refusal – Denial without valid reason (can affect legal remedies).

II. Crisis and Incident Management (51–100)

51. 1. Crisis – An unstable situation with potential for negative consequences.
52. 2. Incident – An event that may lead to a crisis.
53. 3. Crisis Management – Strategies to handle sudden, disruptive events.
54. 4. Incident Management – Coordination of response to specific events.
55. 5. Preparedness – Readiness for potential emergencies or crises.
56. 6. Response – Actions taken during and after a crisis.
57. 7. Recovery – Efforts to return to normal operations post-crisis.
58. 8. Mitigation – Steps to reduce the impact of disasters.
59. 9. Emergency – A sudden situation requiring immediate attention.
60. 10. Contingency Planning – Developing backup plans for potential crises.
61. 11. Critical Incident – An event with serious implications for safety/security.
62. 12. First Responder – First person or team to arrive and assist at the scene.
63. 13. Stakeholders – Individuals or groups affected by or involved in crises.
64. 14. Risk Assessment – Identifying and evaluating risks.
65. 15. Early Warning System – Mechanism to detect and alert early threats.
66. 16. Evacuation Plan – A strategy for safe and orderly removal of people.
67. 17. Communication Plan – Process for sharing information in a crisis.
68. 18. Command Center – Central hub for managing emergency operations.
69. 19. De-escalation – Techniques to reduce the intensity of a conflict/crisis.
70. 20. Post-Traumatic Support – Assistance provided after crisis exposure.
71. 21. Drills and Simulations – Practice exercises to prepare for real crises.
72. 22. Hazard – A potential source of harm.
73. 23. Vulnerability – Weakness that increases risk impact.
74. 24. Capacity Building – Enhancing ability to handle crises.
75. 25. Crisis Team – Group formed to manage crisis response.
76. 26. Leadership in Crisis – Guiding people through uncertainty.
77. 27. Coordination – Organizing efforts among different responders/agencies.
78. 28. Resilience – Ability to recover from adversity.
79. 29. Psychological First Aid – Immediate emotional support during trauma.
80. 30. Debriefing – Review and discussion post-crisis.
81. 31. Incident Commander – Person in charge at the scene.
82. 32. Containment – Efforts to stop crisis from spreading.
83. 33. Public Safety – Protection of general public from harm.
84. 34. Criminal Incident – Crisis involving criminal activity.
85. 35. Terrorism – Violent acts intended to intimidate or coerce.
86. 36. Hostage Crisis – Situation where individuals are held against their will.
87. 37. Natural Disaster – Crisis from natural events like floods or earthquakes.
88. 38. Man-made Disaster – Human-caused crisis, e.g., terrorism, accidents.
89. 39. Law Enforcement Response – Police actions during crises.
90. 40. Security Threat – Event that could endanger safety.
91. 41. SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) – Set steps to manage incidents.
92. 42. Safety Protocols – Rules for minimizing harm during crises.
93. 43. Rapid Assessment – Quick evaluation of a crisis’s scale/severity.
94. 44. Operational Readiness – State of being ready for immediate action.
95. 45. Resource Mobilization – Gathering and deploying aid/equipment.
96. 46. Rescue Operations – Efforts to save people from danger.
97. 47. Disaster Risk Reduction – Efforts to minimize loss from disasters.
98. 48. Relief Operations – Providing aid after crises.
99. 49. Public Awareness – Informing people about risks and responses.
100. 50. Lawful Authority – Legal right to intervene in crises.