DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO (TURFLOOP Campus)
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
Second Year
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
MPCC 022
Module Guide
2025
© University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) 2025
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
CONTENTS
PAGE
1. LEARNING ACTIVITIES 3
2. TIME SCHEDULE 5
3. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 10
4. MODULE CO-ORDINATORS 10
5. CONSULTATION PROCEDURE 10
6. BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY TO MODULE 11
CONSTRUCTION
7. AIM OF THE MODULE 17
8. TOPICS, SUB-TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES 18
9. RESOURCES 24
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
1. TIME SCHEDULE
1st Week (10 June – 14 June)
Date Time Activity Staff
Tuesday 09:00 to 09:30 Introduction to the module Ms Seabi ME
10 June
Wednesday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutics Ms Seabi ME
11 June
14:00 to 15:00 Tutorial 2: Physico-Chemical Principles in Class discussion
Formulation
09:00 to 10:00
Thursday Tutorial 3: Powder Flow & Particle Size Ms Seabi ME
12 June
14:00 to 15:00
Tutorial 4: Material Science & Excipients Class discussion
Friday
07:30 to 16:00 Practical Skill 1: Measuring & Calibration Mr Maseko S
13 June
2nd Week (16 June – 21 June)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday
16 June PUBLIC HOLIDAY
Tuesday 09:00 to 11:30 Workshop 1: Pharmaceutical Mr Chanyandura
Calculations JT
17 June 13:00 to 16:00
Wednesday 08:00 to 16:00 Workshop 2: Pharmaceutical Mr Chanyandura
Calculations JT
18 June
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Thursday 09:00 to 16:00 Tutorial 5: Mixing, Blending, Sieving Ms Seabi ME
19 June
Tutorial 6: Powders and granules Class discussion
Friday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 2: Particle size distribution Mr S Maseko
20 June
3rd Week (23 June – 27 June)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday 09:00 – 10:30 Test 1 Staff
23 June 11:30 to 13:30
Tuesday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 7: Granulation Processes Mr Manyama TL
24 June Tutorial 8: Tablets
Wednesday MID-YEAR RE-ASSESSMENT
BEGINS
25 June
Thursday
26 June
Friday
27 June
4th Week (30 June – 04 July)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday
30 June
Tuesday 09:00 to 12:00 MID-YEAR RE-ASSESSMENT ENDS
01 July
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Wednesday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 9: Capsules (Hard and soft Mr Manyama TL
gelatin)
02 July
Thursday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 10: Coating Mechanisms Mr Manyama TL
03 July
Friday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 3: Flow properties Mr Maseko S
04 July
5th Week (07 July– 11 July)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 11: Creams Ms Seabi ME
07 July 14:00 to 15:00 Tutorial 12: Ointments Class Discussion
Tuesday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 13: Suppositories Ms Seabi ME
08 July 14:00 to 15:00 Tutorial 14: Gels and pastes Class Discussion
Wednesday 09:00 to 12:00 Tutorial 15: Suspensions Ms Seabi ME
09 July 14:00 to 15:00 Tutorial 16: Emulsions & syrups Class Discussion
Thursday 09:00 to 16:00 Tutorial 17: Aerosols Ms Seabi
10 July 14:00 to 15:00 Tutorial 18: Pharmaceutical Packaging Class Discussion
Friday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 4: Preparation of Mr Maseko S
acetaminophen granules and
11 July
compression
6th Week (14 July – 18 July)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday 09:00 to 10:30 Test 2 Staff
14 July
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Tuesday 07:30 to 16:00 Self-study Students
15 July
Wednesday 07:30 to 16:00 Self-Study Students
16 July
Thursday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 5: QC of tablets Mr Maseko S
17 July
Friday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 6: Capsule filling and QC Mr Maseko S
tests
18 July
7th Week (21 July – 25 July)
Date Time Activity Staff
Monday 9h00 to 11:30 Reflection Test 2 Staff
21 July
Tuesday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 7:Manufacturing of Mr Maseko S
acetaminophen syrup and Aqueous
22 July
cream
Wednesday 07:30 to 16:00 Presentations Day 1 Staff
23 July
Thursday 07:30 to 16:00 Presentations Day2 Staff
24 July
Friday 07:30 to 16:00 Practical skill 8: Manufacturing of Students
suppositories
25 July
8th Week (28 July- 01 August)
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Monday PREPARATION FOR END OF MODULE EXAM
28 July (Both written and practical exams)
Tuesday All day Self-study Students
29 July
Wednesday
8:00 to 11:00 END OF MODULE EXAM P1 Staff
30 July
Thursday
All day Self-study Students
31 July
Friday
07:30 to 16:30 END OF MODULE EXAM P2 Staff
01 August
(OSPE EXAM)
3. ASESSMENT CRITERIA
TYPE OF ASSESSMENT Percentage of Module mark
1. CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
Tutorial quizzes 15%
Short written tests 60%
Practical skills 15%
Assignments (individual and/or group) 10%
TOTAL 60
2. END OF MODULE ASSESSMENT
Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) 40%
(P2)
60%
Written paper (P1)
40
TOTAL
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
NOTES ON ASSESSMENT
1. Tutorial quizzes: The quizzes will contain true/false questions, multiple choice questions, short written
questions and calculations.
2. Short written tests: Each test will contain true/false questions, multiple choice questions abbreviations, short
written questions and relevant calculations.
3. Practical skills: Practical reports will be assessed (group and individual).
4. Assignments: Assessment will depend upon the nature and content of the assignment. A group mark or
individual mark will be assigned.
5. End-of-module written paper: The EOM paper will be set in a similar format to that of a short written test.
6. Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE): Practical skills and knowledge will be tested, where
the exam contains questions related to the practicals performed and calculations involved in the laboratory
classes.
4. MODULE COORDINATORS
Ms ME Seabi will be the module coordinator; Mr TL Manyama will act as the module co-
coordinator and Mr S Maseko will act as practical’s coordinator.
5. CONSULTATION PROCEDURE
Appointments should be made with staff members on an individual basis. General queries
regarding this module should be directed to Ms Mmakgomo Seabi (O-Block office 1013,
[Link]@[Link] , 0152682181). In her absence consult Mr Manyama at (O-
Block office 1007, [Link]@[Link] 0152684212, Department of pharmacy,
University of Limpopo (TurfLoop). Queries related to practical should be directed to Mr Sfiso
Maseko, in his absence consult Ms Mmakgomo Seabi
6. BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY TO MODULE CONSTRUCTION
If we observe the process which we call instruction, we see two parties con-jointly engaged
– the leaner and the teacher. The object of both is the same, but their relations to work to
be done are different……..[The] essential part, the appropriation and assimilation of
knowledge by the mind, can be performed by no one but the learner……[from which]… it
follows that he is in fact his own teacher, and….that learning is self-teaching……The
Teacher’s part then in the process of instruction is that of a guide, director, or superintendent
of the operations by which the pupil teaches himself or herself. (Joseph Payne, 1883)
Preamble
The curriculum is modular and attempts shall be made to have it integrated, both
horizontally and vertically as much as possible, given that not everything can be integrated.
There are several views of integrating a curriculum as shown in the following table, that
have been taken into consideration when developing the curriculum for the BPharm Degree
at the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus.
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Ten views for integrating curriculum
Fragmented Connected
This is the traditional model of separate and In this case each subject area, course content
distinct discipline, which fragments the subject is connected topic to topic, concept to concept,
area. one year’s work to the next, and relates ideas
explicitly
Pharmaceutical chemistry: pharmacognosy,
medicinal chemistry, synthetic chemistry, Physical pharmacy: From atoms to medicine
analytical chemistry
Nested Sequenced
The student within a subject acquires multiple Topics or units of study are rearranged and
skills: a social skill, a thinking skill, and content- sequenced to coincide within one another.
specific skill Similar ideas are taught in concert while
remaining separate subjects
Pharmacy practice/social pharmacy:
Bio-pharmaceutics and Pharmacology or
Pathological science and Pharmacology
Shared Webbed
Shared planning and teaching take place in two A rich theme is webbed to curriculum contents
disciplines in which overlapping concepts or and disciplines; subjects use the theme to sift
ideas emerge as organizing elements out appropriate concepts, topics and ideas.
Physiology of the eye and ocular pharmacology; Rational drug use or Drug utilization (WHO
staff teaching physiology of special senses and definition)
ocular pharmacology can team teach.
Threaded Integrated
In this approach, thinking and social skills, This interdisciplinary approach matches
multiple intelligences, technology, and study subjects for overlaps in topics and concepts
skills are threaded through the various with some team teaching in an authentic
disciplines. A study area related to another integrated model (not quite the same as
subject, but goes beyond it in some way. Shared). In this case more disciplines are
involved after identifying a patterning models
Drug delivery system
and approach content through these patterns
Immersed Networked
The disciplines become part of the student’s The student filters all learning the expert’s eye
lens of expertise: the students filters all content and makes internal connections that lead to
external networks of experts in related fields
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
through this lens and becomes immersed in his Industrial pharmacy: while making an effort to
or her own experience understand and to adapt pharmaceutical
technology for product design, the student
Research projects: the student is allowed or
networks with experts in the field and expands
guided to choose an area of expert interest and
her knowledge base
to see all learning through that lens
The intention of the Department of Pharmacy is to adopt international best practice derived
standards set by the Global Federation of Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Science and
adopted by the South African Pharmacy Council.
Each module content is system based and divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks
and organized according to basic science. For example, for clinical/pharmacology based
modules, the module content is system based according to the major organ in the body,
and divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks and organized according to basic
science such as anatomy, biochemistry chemistry and physiology; major disease process
(pathology and pathophysiology), diagnosis and pharmacotherapy and health promotions
planned and taught in a coordinated fashion. The integrity of each subject area, however,
remains intact. This will allow continual growth of knowledge which is problem oriented and
relevant new subject areas without unnecessary addition to the programme.
For the non-clinical based modules e.g. industrial pharmacy, similar concept is also used
where each module content is system based (e.g. good manufacturing practice (GMP) and
divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks and organized according to basic science
such as mathematics (pharmaceutical calculations), organic chemistry, etc.
In each module a student will be introduced to pharmacy practice experience. This will
involve interactions with other health care professionals, case studies and /or actual clinical
cases within the institutional settings, under appropriate supervision. Clinical skills, where
resources permit, will be interfaced with didactic course work that provides an introduction
to the profession, and continue in a progressive manner leading to entry into the advanced
pharmacy practice experiences in fourth year.
Integrated Learning Model
Modules are developed in accordance with principles of an Integrated Learning Model which
is student centred pedagogy i.e. the activation of self-directed learning that helps the student
make connections across curricula. It attempts to bring together traditionally separate
subjects in Pharmacy so that the student can grasp a more authentic understanding and
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
helps the student to slowly transit from studying example to solving problems without
academic overload. The student, in order to demonstrate interdisciplinary understanding,
will bring together concepts, methods, or languages from for example, Pharmacy Practice
and Pharmaceutical Sciences or established areas of expertise in order to explain a
pharmaceutical phenomenon, solve a problem, create a product, or raise a question. This
is crucial to promote scientific thinking and integrative reasoning skills.
Problem based learning becomes very useful later in the learning process. Problems that
student will face later, often demand contribution from different subject areas and he/she
will learn by experience how information he/she will take from the subjects is interrelated
and how it will assist in solving the problem..
The following diagram summarizes the processes to be followed in order to achieve the
purpose and rationale of the qualification as stipulated in the SAQA document ID 65130
SAQA QUAL ID 65130
Pharmacist Exit Level
Outcomes
Curriculum Review Committee
Non-compartmentalized Subjects
Relevant Level Exit OutcomesUnit
Standards
Integrated Topics
Important
1. Sub -Topics
General Learning Objectives
Integrated
Linkages
*Detailed Learning Objectives
(DLOs)
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Learning Activities (LAs) including
Lectures
Case Studies
Assignments
Tutorials Embedded
Knowledge
Practicals/Demonstrations
Critical
Individual Posters Preparation Outcomes
Student Directed Learning
The diagram below shows a concept map describing activities that encourage integrative
learning in many universities in the US which helps a student to understand that the world
outside of the classroom at the university is not a stand-alone.
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Self-directed Learning
This form of learning will make considerable demands on the student’s ability to ‘direct their
own work. The student has to learn to manage and organize their own learning process,
making use of the opportunities for learning, such as case studies, group work,
assignments, tutorial and lectures with guided notes. Guided notes are lecturer prepared
hand-outs that outline or map lectures but leave ‘blank’ spaces for key concepts, facts,
definitions etc. This is to help the student to fill in the spaces with content as part of their
activated self-directed learning. The guided notes should also help the student follow a
lecture, identify its important points and develop a foundation of content to study and to
apply to problem solving and case studies.
Integrated Assessment
All over the world educators are increasingly convinced of the following:
The intent of instruction is to promote student’s abilities as thinkers, problem-solvers, and
inquirers…….Assessments, if they are to be aligned with current views on instruction and
human learning must more closely resemble meaningful learning tasks and assess the
acquisition of high-level thinking and reasoning abilities as integral to subject matter
knowledge (International Encyclopedia of Education, 1994:370
Assessment is going to be part of the curriculum and the learning programme development.
We cannot assess in an integrated way if we do not teach and learn in an integrated way,
because integrated learning comes before integrated assessment.
Our teaching, learning and assessment activities must be developed as a valid, reliable and
coherent process taking into account;
• Purpose/Rationale/Exit Level Outcomes
• Learning and Teaching strategy
• Fields of Learning and assessment criteria
• Assessment strategy.
The validity of our assessment method will be best achieved by setting authentic or applied
tasks in the learning programme that closely simulate real world contexts. According to the
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Council on Higher Education, CHE the questions, “Are we assessing the right things?” and
“Are we assessing things right that are important and provide guidance in terms of the
fitness of and fitness for the purpose of the assessment (CHE, 2001: 114)
Reliability in assessment is about consistency and the extent to which in similar contexts
same judgments can be made in order to analyze statistically (SAQA, 2001:18). Errors may
arise from assessor practice, the environment for the assessment or from the sample of
learning that is to be assessed.
7. AIM OF THE MODULE
The aims of this module are to provide students with the necessary knowledge in the area
of pharmaceutical technology, to help them to understand the fundamentals and importance
of the unit operations in the manufacture of dosage forms through to the large scale
production and packaging of medicines and submission to the relevant health authorities
for production licence and marketing. In order to facilitate the learning the module is
structured in four topics as given below.
Topics:
1. Physico-chemical and pharmaceutical principles of production (Unit operations)
2. Overview of the manufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms
3. Packaging and labeling
4. Pharmaceutical calculations
Physico-chemical and pharmaceutical principles of production (Unit operations):
The subject Unit Operations is based on fundamental laws, physicochemical principles. Unit
Operations gives idea about science related to specific physical operation; different
equipments, its design, material of construction and operation.
Overview of the manufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms:
This topic deals with the basic science of solid, semisolid and liquid dosage forms, provide
the fundamental principles used to formulate, manufacture and control of different types of
dosage forms such as tablets, granules, capsules, suspensions, ointments, suppositories
etc.
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Packaging and labeling:
Deals with specification requirements for pharmaceutical packaging and labelling, quality
control procedures on packaging materials.
Pharmaceutical calculations:
For this module, the main objectives are to understand and be able to do a variety of basic
pharmaceutical calculations which are frequently encountered by the pharmacists within the
practice of manufacturing pharmacy.
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8. TOPICS, SUB-TOPICS AND DETAILED LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The following section pays attention to the study process and demonstrates clearly what is expected from the student.
TOPIC SUB-TOPICS DETAILED LEARNING OBJECTIVES (DLO’S) LEARNING ACTIVITIES
CT-1, CT-2 & ASSIG-1
Topic 1: Physico-chemical and 1. Dosage form design a) Classification of dosage forms and their
pharmaceutical principles of production (Unit applications
operations)
b) The factors which influence the design of
pharmaceutical dose forms
CT-3, CT-4, CT-6, CT-9,
2. Unit Operations: In the case of each unit Operation:
PS-3
i. Mixing a) Define the unit process
ii. Milling
b) Describe the unit process
iii. Granulation
iv. Drying c) Describe the equipment used in the process
d) Basic mechanisms by which equipment
works
e) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of the equipment
f) Identify common problems that may occur
with the operation of each piece of equipment
and Suggest solutions
CT-4, CT-5, PS-2,
Micrometrics a) Methods used for determination of powder
density, with practical examples
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
b) Flow properties
c) Compaction
d) Particle size and size distribution.
e) Methods for determining particle size
CT-7
3. Pre-formulation a) Concept of pre-formulation.
b) Study of physical properties of drug like
physical form, particle size, shape, density,
wetting, dielectric constant, solubility, dissolution
and organoleptic properties and their effect on
formulation, stability and bioavailability.
c) Study of chemical character of drug molecule
like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction,
recemization, polymerization, etc. and their
influence on stability of products.
d) Factors affecting dissolution rate, theory of
dissolution, Noyes-Whitney equation.
CT-8, Asign-2
Topic 2: Overview of the manufacture of Powders a) Bulk and divided powder
b) Powder mixing
pharmaceutical dosage forms
c) Dividing of powder
d) Powder with special problems; e.g.
deliquescent, efflorescent
e) Effervescent powder
f) Dusting powder
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
CT-9, CT-10, PS-4,PS-5,
Tablets a) Introduction to unit solid dosage forms
b) Tablet excepients Asign-2
c) Formulation of tablets; tablet machines
(single punch and rotary press machine).
d) Granulation techniques; wet and dry
granulation.
e) Tablets prepared by direct compression
f) Problems associated with tablet
manufacture (e.g Lamination, Capping,
sticking, picking)
g) Quality control tests for tablets (weight
variation, disintegration, dissolution,
thickness and diameter, friability).
CT-11, PS-6, Asign-2
Capsules a) Advantage and disadvantages of capsule
dosage form, material for production of hard
geletin capsules, size of capsules.
b) Methods of capsule production, soft gelatin
capsule shell and capsule content.
c) Understand and discuss the various types of
excipients and the role of the excipients in
capsule formulations
d) Quality control, stability testing and storage
of capsule dosage forms
e) Identify capsule manufacturing problems
and will be able to apply this knowledge to
perform trouble shooting and problem
solving
f) Types of microcapsules; importance of
microencapsulation in pharmacy.
g) Microcapsulation by phase seperation co-
acervation multiorifice, spray drying,
h) spray congealing, polymerization, complex
emulsion, air suspension technique,
i) coating pan and other techniques
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
CT-16
Tablet Coating a) Sugar coating
b) Film coating
c) Compression coating
d) Methods of coating
e) Insoluble monolayers (polymeric materials)
f) Applications: film coatings
g) Reasons for coating, enteric coating
h) Coating faults / problems
CT-12, Asign-2
Suspensions a) The design and evaluation of suspension.
b) Electrical and steric stabilization of solid-
liquid dispersions.
c) Flocculated and deflocculated systems.
d) Suspending agents, their classification and
stability.
e) Physical Stability of suspensions
f) Rheology
CT-13, Asign-2
Emulsions a) Theories of emulsification; emulsion type.
b) Emulsifying agents and their classification;
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB).
c) Adsorption; monomolecular,
multimolecular and solid-particle
adsorption.
d) Physical stability of emulsion and their
evaluation.
e) Multiple emulsion and Microemulsions
f) Rheology
CT-15, PS-7, Asign-2
Suppositories a) Factors affecting drug release from
suppositories; physiological and
physicochemical considerations.
b) Ideal requirements, bases
c) Manufacturing procedure
d) Quality control tests
e) Packaging and storage
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
CT-14, Asign-2
Semisolid dosage forms a) Introduction and anatomy of the skin.
b) Definitions, types, mechanism of drug
(Creams, Ointments and penetration through skin.
gels) c) Factors influencing penetration, semisolid
bases and their selection.
d) General formulation of semisolids (ointment
and gel), manufacturing
e) procedure, evaluation and packaging
CT-17
Pharmaceutical aerosols a) Physicochemical principles of aerosol
science and technology.
b) Aerosol propellants, containers, valve and
actuator systems.
c) Product development, manufacturing,
stability testing and performance
evaluations of all types of aerosol products.
d) Non-pressure pack aerosols, atomizers,
packaging, containers
CT-18
Topic 3: Packaging and labeling a) Identify common packaging materials e.g.
glass, plastic, metal, rubber, paper
b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of relevant packaging materials
c) Identify the activities that that are carried out
in the packaging cycle
d) Discuss packaging and labelling methods
e) Highlight the legal requirements pertaining
to the packaging cycle, with particular
attention to labelling requirements
f) Discuss specialised packs for specific
dosage forms e.g. aerosols, parenterals,
unit dose, combi-packs etc.
g) Discuss control procedures applied to:
the packaging materials (particularly printed
matter),
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
h) In-process controls for finished product
packaging
a) Concentration (Amount / strengths, Ratio WS1, WS2, WS3
Topic 4: Pharmaceutical calculations
strengths, Parts per million, Percentage
concentration, Conversion of different types
of concentrations)
b) Dilutions (Simple dilutions, Serial dilutions,
Mixing concentrations)
c) Formulations (Reducing or enlarging
pharmaceutical formulas, Ratio and
proportion in pharmaceutical formulas,
Percentage and ratio strengths).
d) Calculation of doses (Dose and Dosage
regime, Pediatric doses, Doses based on
body surface area, Doses based on weight
of the drug, Doses based on body weight,
Doses based on units)
e) Calculations involving molecular weight
(Molecular weight, Moles and millimoles,
Milliequivalents
f) Parenteral solutions and Isotonicity
(Rates of flow of IV solutions, Isotonicity)
*CT= Class Tutorial, WS= Workshop, PS= Practical Skill, Assig= Assignment
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
10. Group Presentation Schedule
Day 1 Group Topic
09h00 – Blue Formulation and Stability of Liquid Dosage Forms
9h30 Focus: Ingredient selection, formulation steps, potential
instabilities, and preservation methods.
09h30 - Green Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in South Africa: Opportunities
10h00 and Challenges
Focus: Local industry landscape, regulatory
environment, barriers to production, and strategic
improvements.
10h00 – Yellow Formulation and Stability of Semisolid Dosage Forms
10h30 Focus: Ingredient selection, formulation steps, potential
instabilities, and preservation methods.
10h30- Red Procurement and Selection of Raw Materials in
11h00 Pharmaceuticals
Focus: Procurement cycles, quality requirements,
regulatory considerations, and examples of excipient
and API sourcing.
Day 2 Purple Pre-formulation Studies: Laying the Foundation for
Successful Drug Development
9h00-
09h30 Focus: Solubility, stability, compatibility, and importance
in formulation planning.
09h30 – White Comparative Analysis of Tablet Coating Techniques
10h00 Focus: Film coating vs. sugar coating vs. compression
coating – process, materials, and applications.
10h00 – Black Designing an Ideal Packaging System for a Pediatric Oral
10h30 Medicine
Focus: Child safety, palatability, accurate dosing, and
regulatory compliance in packaging design.
10h30 – Pink Solubility Enhancement Techniques in Liquid Drug
11h00 Formulations
Focus: Use of cosolvents, complexation, surfactants,
and micronization for poorly soluble APIs.
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
11. Group Presentation Marking Rubric
Criteria Excellent (5) Good (4) Satisfactory Needs
(3) Improvement
(1-2)
Content Demonstrates Shows good Basic Limited or
Knowledge deep understanding understanding, inaccurate
understanding with minor some understanding
and integrates gaps inaccuracies
material
comprehensively
Organization Presentation Generally Some Disorganized
flows logically organized organization or confusing
and clearly with minor but may be
issues unclear at
times
Visual Aids Effective, Appropriate Basic visuals, Poorly
creative and and mostly somewhat designed or
well-integrated clear visuals relevant missing visuals
visuals
Engagement Highly engaging, Keeps Some Monotone or
encourages audience’s engagement disengaged
questions attention
Teamwork All members Most Uneven One or two
contribute members participation dominate; little
equally and participate collaboration
effectively actively
Time Within time limit; Slightly Rushed or Significantly
Management well-paced over/under slow in parts over/under
time time
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
Blue Green Yellow Red
Mahanuke SP Mahlase NK Mohuba C Kekana LL
Mohlala PD Ndove TG Maeko AM Pilusa KK
Rapetsoa M Shongwe LB Matjia T Lekhwa AP
Magagula SM Gabara TM Nukeri N Malau EK
Ramavhona M Mokubedi SY Mncwanga MN Morwapama MM
Dlali Q Makopo TD Musa FE Ratsidi TE
Madzusa MM Napjane T Malesa LO Khokho AL
Mathye V Ramoshaba TH Makgaretsa MD Makgato PM
Mnisi S Sekwakwa KLS Hlokwe T Nageli KP
Purple White Black Pink
Mohale NM Mandlazi H Mohlala MC Mulaudzi TB
Mabunda NB Phaswana O Gabela N Mathebula T
Ramakonya M Mashele T Msana LY Mokgathi LW
Lesufi KS Mphahlele PM Munyai NS Sepuru LR
Xego A Matlatse TM Makhua T Manyuha T
Dayimani Y Mohatli ETM Tefu KB Maripane K
Mabotha KP Tjale P Zitha CV Rapetsoa NB
Mannya MK Mdletshe A Mthombeni MKC Mabogwana AM
Kgatla TS
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
12. RESOURCES
1. Anderson JT et al., (Editors). Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. Mack
Publishing Company. Pennsylvania. 14, 15 or 16 th editions.
2. Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery System. Ed., Allen,
Popovich and Ansel (2005). Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
3. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics (3rd edn.). Shargel, L. and Yu,
A.B.C.
4. Aulton ME (Editor). Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. Second
Edition. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
5. British Pharmacopoeia. London. Her Majesties' Stationery Office. 1988 editions.
6. Carter S. J., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, 12 th
edition, 1987.
7. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Second Edition. A joint publication of the
American Pharmaceutical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of
Great Britain.
8. [Link]
9. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL (Editors). The Theory and Practice of
Industrial Pharmacy.
10. Pharmaceutical Calculations (2005), Ed., Howard C. Ansel and Mitchell J.
Stoklosa, Publisher: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
11. Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Ed. Patrick J. Sinko
(2006). Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
12. MEDICINES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 101 OF 1965 and
regulations.
13. Reynolds JEF (Editor). Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 29, 30 or 31 st
edition. London, Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
14. SA guide to GMP from [Link]
15. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF)
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B. Pharm Module: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing MPCC 022 Module Guide
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