Chapter 1

Python Revision Tour

Class 12 - Computer Science with Python Sumita Arora

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is an invalid variable?

1. my_day_2
2. 2nd_day
3. Day_two
4. _2

Answer

2nd_day

Reason — Variable names cannot begin with a number, although they can contain numbers.

Question 2

Find the invalid identifier from the following:

1. name
2. break
3. section
4. mark12

Answer

break

Reason — break is a reserved keyword.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a keyword?

1. eval
2. assert
 3. nonlocal
4. pass

Answer

eval

Reason — eval is not a keyword in python.

Question 4

Which of the following cannot be a variable?

1. _init_
2. in
3. it
4. on

Answer

in

Reason — in is a keyword in python.

Question 5

Which of these is not a core data type?

1. Lists
2. Dictionary
3. Tuples
4. Class

Answer

Class

Reason — Class is not a core data type.

Question 6

How would you write xy in Python as an expression ?

1. x^y
2. x**y
3. x^^y
4. none of these
Answer

x**y

Reason — ** is an arithmetic operator used for exponentiation.

Question 7

What will be the value of the expression?

14 + 13 % 15

1. 14
2. 27
3. 12
4. 0

Answer

27

Reason — According to operator precedence remainder (%) operation will be done first and
then addition (+) will be done.

14 + 13 % 15
= 14 + 13
= 27

Question 8

Evaluate the expression given below if A = 16 and B = 15.

A % B // A

1. 0.0
2. 0
3. 1.0
4. 1

Answer

Reason — According to operator precedence, floor division (//) and remainder (%) both have
equal precedence hence the expression will be evaluated from left to right.

A % B // A
= 16 % 15 // 16
= 1 // 16
=0
Question 9

What is the value of x?

x = int(13.25 + 4/2)

1. 17
2. 14
3. 15
4. 23

Answer

15

Reason — According to operator precedence, division will be done first followed by addition
and then it will convert to integer.

x = int(13.25 + 4/2)
x = int(13.25 + 2.0)
x = int(15.45)
x = 15

Question 10

The expression 8/4/2 will evaluate equivalent to which of the following expressions:

1. 8/(4/2)
2. (8/4)/2

Answer

(8/4)/2

Reason — As both the operators are division operators, the expression will be evaluated
from left to right.

8/4/2 = 2/2 = 1.0

(8/4)/2
= 2/2
= 1.0

Question 11

Which among the following list of operators has the highest precedence?

+, -, **, %, /, <<, >>, |

1. <<, >>
2. **
 3. I
4. %

Answer

**

Reason — ** has highest precedence.

Question 12

Which of the following expressions results in an error?

1. float('12')
2. int('12')
3. float('12.5')
4. int('12.5')

Answer

int('12.5')

Reason — int() are positive or negative whole numbers with no decimal point.

Question 13

Which of the following statement prints the shown output below?

hello\example\[Link]

1. print("hello\example\[Link]")
2. print("hello\\example\\[Link]")
3. print("hello\"example\"[Link]")
4. print("hello"\example"\[Link]")

Answer

print("hello\\example\\[Link]")

Reason — Escape sequence (\\) is used for Backslash (\).

Question 14

Which value type does input() return ?

1. Boolean
2. String
3. Int
4. Float
Answer

String

Reason — The input() function always returns a value of String type.

Question 15

Which two operators can be used on numeric values in Python?

1. @
2. %
3. +
4. #

Answer

%, +

Reason — %, + are arithmetic operators.

Question 16

Which of the following four code fragments will yield following output?

Eina
Mina
Dika
Select all of the function calls that result in this output

1. print('''Eina
\nMina
\nDika''')
2. print('''EinaMinaDika''')
3. print('Eina\nMina\nDika')
4. print('Eina
Mina
Dika')

Answer

print('Eina\nMina\nDika')

Reason —

1. print('''Eina
\nMina
\nDika''') — It is a multiline string and by adding \n extra line will be added.
2. print('''EinaMinaDika''') — There is no new line character.
 3. print('Eina\nMina\nDika') — It adds new line by \n new line character.
4. print('Eina
Mina
Dika') — It creates an error because it is a multiline string with no triple quotes.

Question 17

Which of the following is valid arithmetic operator in Python :

1. //
2. ?
3. <
4. and

Answer

//

Reason — // is valid arithmetic operator in Python.

Question 18

For a given declaration in Python as s = "WELCOME", which of the following will be the
correct output of print(s[1::2])?

1. WEL
2. COME
3. WLOE
4. ECM

Answer

ECM

Reason — The slicing will start from index 1 and return at every alternative step.

s[1] = E
s[3] = C
s[5] = M
output = ECM

Question 19

Which of the following is an incorrect Logical operator in Python?

1. not
2. in
3. or
 4. and

Answer

in

Reason — in is a membership operator.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a Tuple in Python?

1. (1,2,3)
2. ("One","Two","Three")
3. (10,)
4. ("One")

Answer

("One")

Reason — ("One") is a string data type.

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1

The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a token.

Question 2

A token is also called a lexical unit.

Question 3

A keyword is a word having special meaning and role as specified by programming language.

Question 4

The data types whose values cannot be changed in place are called immutable types.

Question 5

In a Python expression, when conversion of a value's data type is done automatically by the
compiler without programmer's intervention, it is called implicit type conversion.

Question 6
The explicit conversion of an operand to a specific type is called type casting.

Question 7

The pass statement is an empty statement in Python.

Question 8

A break statement skips the rest of the loop and jumps over to the statement following the
loop.

Question 9

The continue statement skips the rest of the loop statements and causes the next iteration of
the loop to take place.

Question 10

Python's keywords cannot be used as variable name.

True/False Questions

Question 1

The expression int(x) implies that the variable x is converted to integer.

Answer

True

Reason — int(x) explicitly converts variable x to integer type.

Question 2

The value of the expressions 4/(3*(2 - 1)) and 4/3*(2 - 1) is the same.

Answer

True

Reason — Parentheses has first precedence then multiplication then division has precedence.

4/(3*(2-1))
= 4/(3*1)
= 4/3
= 1.33333

4/3*(2-1)
= 4/3*1
= 4/3
= 1.33333

Question 3

The value of the expressions 4/(3*(4 - 2)) and 4/3*(4 - 2) is the same.

Answer

False

Reason — Parentheses has first precedence then multiplication then division has precedence.

4/(3*(4-2))
= 4/(3*2)
= 4/6
= 0.6666

4/3*(4-2)
= 4/3*2
= 1.3333*2
= 2.6666

Question 4

The expression 2**2**3 is evaluated as: (2**2)**3.

Answer

False

Reason — The expression 2**2**3 is evaluated as: 2**(2**3) because exponentiation

operates from right to left (i.e., it is right associative).

Question 5

A string can be surrounded by three sets of single quotation marks or by three sets of double
quotation marks.

Answer

True

Reason — A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by single or double or triple

double quotes or triple single quotes.

Question 6

Variables can be assigned only once.

Answer
False

Reason — Python supports dynamic typing i.e., a variable can hold values of different types
at different times.

Question 7

In Python, a variable is a placeholder for data.

Answer

False

Reason — Variables represent labelled storage locations, whose values can be manipulated
during program run.

Question 8

In Python, only if statement has else clause.

Answer

False

Reason — Loops in Python can have else clause too.

Question 9

Python loops can also have else clause.

Answer

True

Reason — Loops in Python can have else clause.

Question 10

In a nested loop, a break statement terminates all the nested loops in one go.

Answer

False

Reason — In nested loops, a break statement will terminate the very loop it appears in.

Assertions and Reasons

Question 1
Assertion. Assigning a new value to an int variable creates a new variable internally.

Reason. The int type is immutable data type of Python.

Answer

(a)

Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Explanation
In python, literal values have fixed memory locations and variable names reference them as
values. This means that, although we can change the value of an integer variable, the process
involves creating a new integer object with the updated value. Literal values, such as 10, have
fixed memory locations, and variables act as references to these values. When we assign a
new value to an integer variable, we are essentially creating a new object, and the variable
now points to this new object. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
correct explanation of Assertion.

Question 2

Assertion. """A Sample Python String""" is a valid Python String.

Reason. Triple Quotation marks are not valid in Python.

Answer

(c)

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Explanation
A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by single or double or triple single
quotes or triple double quotes.

Question 3

Assertion. If and For are legal statements in Python.

Reason. Python is case sensitive and its basic selection and looping statements are in lower
case.

Answer

(d)

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Explanation
if is conditional statement and for is loop statement. Python is case sensitive and its selection
and looping statements are in lower case.
Question 4

Assertion. if and for are legal statements in Python.

Reason. Python is case sensitive and its basic selection and looping statements are in lower
case.

Answer

(a)

Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Explanation
if is conditional statement and for is loop statement. Python is case sensitive and its selection
and looping statements are in lower case.

Question 5

Assertion. The break statement can be used with all selection and iteration statements.

Reason. Using break with an if statement is of no use unless the if statement is part of a
looping construct.

Answer

(e)

Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Explanation
In python, the break statement can be used with iteration statements only. Using break with
conditional statements will result in syntax error — SyntaxError: 'break' outside
loop

Question 6

Assertion. The break statement can be used with all selection and iteration statements.

Reason. Using break with an if statement will give no error.

Answer

(e)

Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Explanation
In python, the break statement can be used with iteration statements only. Using break with
conditional statements will result in syntax error — SyntaxError: 'break' outside
loop
Type A: Short Answer Questions/Conceptual Questions

Question 1

What are tokens in Python? How many types of tokens are allowed in Python? Exemplify
your answer.

Answer

The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a Token. Python has following tokens:

1. Keywords — Examples are import, for, in, while, etc.

2. Identifiers — Examples are MyFile, _DS, DATE_9_7_77, etc.
3. Literals — Examples are "abc", 5, 28.5, etc.
4. Operators — Examples are +, -, >, or, etc.
5. Punctuators — ' " # () etc.

Question 2

How are keywords different from identifiers?

Answer

Keywords are reserved words carrying special meaning and purpose to the language
compiler/interpreter. For example, if, elif, etc. are keywords. Identifiers are user defined
names for different parts of the program like variables, objects, classes, functions, etc.
Identifiers are not reserved. They can have letters, digits and underscore. They must begin
with either a letter or underscore. For example, _chk, chess, trail, etc.

Question 3

What are literals in Python? How many types of literals are allowed in Python?

Answer

Literals are data items that have a fixed value. The different types of literals allowed in
Python are:

1. String literals
2. Numeric literals
3. Boolean literals
4. Special literal None
5. Literal collections

Question 4

State True or False : "Variable declaration is implicit in Python."

Answer

True.

Reason — In Python, variable declaration is implicit. This means that we don't need to
explicitly declare the data type of a variable before using it. The type of a variable is
determined dynamically at runtime based on the assigned value. For example:

x = 5 # x is implicitly declared as an integer

name = "Ravi" # name is implicitly declared as a string

Question 5

Out of the following, find those identifiers, which cannot be used for naming Variables or
Functions in a Python program:

 Price*Qty
 class
 For
 do
 4thCol
 totally
 Row31
 _Amount

Answer

 Price*Qty ⇒ Contains special character *

 class ⇒ It is a keyword
 4thCol ⇒ Begins with a digit

Question 6

Find the invalid identifier from the following :

1. MyName
2. True
3. 2ndName
4. My_Name

Answer

The invalid identifier are:

2ndName ⇒ Begins with a digit

True ⇒ It is a keyword
Question 7

Which of the following is an invalid datatype in Python ?

1. Set
2. None
3. Integer
4. Real

Answer

Real

Reason — Real is not a standard built-in data type in Python.

Question 8

Identify the valid arithmetic operator in Python from the following:

1. ?
2. <
3. **
4. and

Answer

**

Reason — Let's go through each option and see if its valid arithmetic operator or not:

1. ? — The question mark is not a valid arithmetic operator in Python.

2. < — It is a relational operator.
3. ** — It is an arithmetic operator.
4. and — It is a logical operator.

Question 9

How are floating constants represented in Python? Give examples to support your answer.

Answer

Floating constants are represented in Python in two forms — Fractional Form and Exponent
form. Examples:

1. Fractional Form — 2.0, 17.5, -13.0, -0.00625

2. Exponent form — 152E05, 1.52E07, 0.152E08, -0.172E-3

Question 10
How are string-literals represented and implemented in Python?

Answer

A string-literal is represented as a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes (single,

double or triple quotes). String-literals in Python are implemented using Unicode.

Question 11

What are operators ? What is their function? Give examples of some unary and binary
operators.

Answer

Operators are tokens that trigger some computation/action when applied to variables and
other objects in an expression. Unary plus (+), Unary minus (-), Bitwise complement (~),
Logical negation (not) are a few examples of unary operators. Examples of binary operators
are Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/).

Question 12

Which of the following are valid operators in Python:

1. **
2. */
3. like
4. ||
5. is
6. ^
7. between
8. in

Answers

The valid operators are:

** ⇒ Exponentiation operator
is ⇒ Identity operator
^ ⇒ Bitwise XOR operator
in ⇒ Membership operator

Question 13

What is an expression and a statement?

Answer

An expression is any legal combination of symbols that represents a value. For example, 2.9,
a + 5, (3 + 5) / 4.
A statement is a programming instruction that does something i.e. some action takes place.
For example:
print("Hello")
a = 15
b = a - 10

Question 14

What all components can a Python program contain?

Answer

A Python program can contain various components like expressions, statements, comments,
functions, blocks and indentation.

Question 15

What are variables? How are they important for a program?

Answer

Variables are named labels whose values can be used and processed during program run.
Variables are important for a program because they enable a program to process different sets
of data.

Question 16

Consider the given expression: not True and False or True

Which of the following will be correct output if the given expression is evaluated?

1. True
2. False
3. None
4. Null

Answer

True

Reason — The 'not' operator has the highest precedence, followed by 'and', which has
precedence over 'or', and the evaluation proceeds from left to right.
not True and False or True
= False and False or True
= False or True
= True

Question 17
Describe the concepts of block and body. What is indentation and how is it related to block
and body?

Answer

A block in Python, represents a group of statements executed as a single unit. Python uses
indentation to create blocks of code. Statements at same indentation level are part of same
block/suite and constitute the body of the block.

Question 18(a)

What are data types? How are they important?

Answer

Data types are used to identify the type of data a memory location can hold and the associated
operations of handling it. The data that we deal with in our programs can be of many types
like character, integer, real number, string, boolean, etc. hence programming languages
including Python provide ways and facilities to handle all these different types of data
through data types. The data types define the capabilities to handle a specific type of data
such as memory space it allocates to hold a certain type of data and the range of values
supported for a given data type, etc.

Question 18(b)

Write the names of any four data types available in Python.

Answer

The names of any four data types in Python are:

1. Integer
2. String
3. List
4. Tuple

Question 19

How many integer types are supported by Python? Name them.

Answer

Two integer types are supported by Python. They are:

1. Integers (signed)
2. Booleans

Question 20

What are immutable and mutable types? List immutable and mutable types of Python.
Answer

Mutable types are those whose values can be changed in place whereas Immutable types are
those that can never change their value in place.

Mutable types in Python are:

1. Lists
2. Dictionaries
3. Sets

Immutable types in Python are:

1. Integers
2. Floating-Point numbers
3. Booleans
4. Strings
5. Tuples

Question 21

What is the difference between implicit type conversion and explicit type conversion?

Answer

Implicit Type Conversion Explicit Type Conversion

An implicit type conversion is automatically An explicit type conversion is user-defined

performed by the compiler when differing data types conversion that forces an expression to be
are intermixed in an expression. of specific type.

An implicit type conversion is performed without An explicit type conversion is specified

programmer's intervention. explicitly by the programmer.

Example: Example:
a, b = 5, 25.5 a, b = 5, 25.5
c=a+b c = int(a + b)

Question 22

An immutable data type is one that cannot change after being created. Give three reasons to
use immutable data.

Answer

Three reasons to use immutable data types are:

 1. Immutable data types increase the efficiency of the program as they are quicker to
access than mutable data types.
2. Immutable data types helps in efficient use of memory storage as different variables
containing the same value can point to the same memory location. Immutability
guarantees that contents of the memory location will not change.
3. Immutable data types are thread-safe so they make it easier to parallelize the program
through multi-threading.

Question 23

What is entry controlled loop? Which loop is entry controlled loop in Python?

Answer

An entry-controlled loop checks the condition at the time of entry. Only if the condition is
true, the program control enters the body of the loop. In Python, for and while loops are
entry-controlled loops.

Question 24

Explain the use of the pass statement. Illustrate it with an example.

Answer

The pass statement of Python is a do nothing statement i.e. empty statement or null operation
statement. It is useful in scenarios where syntax of the language requires the presence of a
statement but the logic of the program does not. For example,

for i in range(10):
if i == 2:
pass
else:
print("i =", i)

Question 25

Rewrite the adjacent code in python after removing all syntax error(s). Underline each
correction done in the code.

30 = To
for K in range(0,To)
IF k%4 == 0:
print(K * 4)
Else:
print(K+3).
Answer

The corrected code is shown below:

To = 30 # Correction 1
for K in range(0,To): # Correction 2
if K % 4 == 0: # Correction 3
print(K * 4)
else: # Correction 4
print(K+3) # Correction 5
Explanation

Correction 1 — Variable should be on left side and literals should be on right side.
Correction 2 — Semi-colon was missing in the for loop syntax.
Correction 3 — if statement should be in lower case.
Correction 4 — else statement should be in lower case.
Correction 5 — Full stop should not be there at the end of print function.

Question 26

Below are seven segments of code, each with a part coloured. Indicate the data type of each
coloured part by choosing the correct type of data from the following type.

(a) int
(b) float
(c) bool
(d) str
(e) function
(f) list of int
(g) list of str

(i)

if temp < 32 :
print ("Freezing")
(ii)

L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']

print(L[1])
(iii)

M = []
for i in range (3) :
[Link](i)
print(M)
(iv)

L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']

n = len(L)
if 'Donald' in L[1 : n] :
print(L)
(v)
if n % 2 == 0 :
print("Freezing")
(vi)

L = [Link]()
while L != ( ) :
print(L)
L = L[1 :]
(vii)

L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']

print(L[0] + L[1])
Answer

(i) bool
(ii) str
(iii) list of int
(iv) int
(v) bool
(vi) list of str
(vii) str

Question 27

Write the output of the following Python code:

for i in range(2,7,2):
print(i*'$')
Answer

Output

$$
$$$$
$$$$$$

Explanation

range(2,7,2) returns [2, 4, 6] as it defines a range of 2 to 6 with a step of 2. The loop

iterates as below:

 For i = 2, it prints $$.

 For i = 4, it prints $$$$.
 For i = 6, it prints $$$$$$.

Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1

Fill in the missing lines of code in the following code. The code reads in a limit amount and a
list of prices and prints the largest price that is less than the limit. You can assume that all
prices and the limit are positive numbers. When a price 0 is entered the program terminates
and prints the largest price that is less than the limit.

#Read the limit

limit = float(input("Enter the limit"))
max_price = 0
# Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
while next_price > 0 :
<write your code here>
#Read the next price
<write your code here>
if max_price > 0:
<write your code here>
else :
<write your code here>
Answer

#Read the limit

limit = float(input("Enter the limit"))
max_price = 0
# Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
while next_price > 0 :
if next_price < limit and next_price > max_price:
max_price = next_price
#Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
if max_price > 0:
print("Largest Price =", max_price)
else :
print("Prices exceed limit of", limit);

Question 2a

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

count = 0
while count < 10:
print ("Hello")
count += 1
Answer

Output
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello

Question 2b

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 0
while x > y:
print (x, y)
x = x - 1
y = y + 1
Answer

Output

10 0
9 1
8 2
7 3
6 4

Explanation

x y Output Remarks

10 0 10 0 1st Iteration

10 0
9 1 2nd Iteration
91

10 0
8 2 91 3rd Iteration
82

7 3 10 0 4th Iteration
91
 x y Output Remarks

82
73

10 0
91
6 4 82 5th Iteration
73
64

Question 2c

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

keepgoing = True
x=100
while keepgoing :
print (x)
x = x - 10
if x < 50 :
keepgoing = False
Answer

Output

100
90
80
70
60
50

Explanation

Inside while loop, the line x = x - 10 is decreasing x by 10 so after 5 iterations of while

loop x will become 40. When x becomes 40, the condition if x < 50 becomes true
so keepgoing is set to False due to which the while loop stops iterating.

Question 2d

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 45
while x < 50 :
print (x)
Answer

This is an endless (infinite) loop that will keep printing 45 continuously.

As the loop control variable x is not updated inside the loop neither there is any break
statement inside the loop so it becomes an infinite loop.

Question 2e

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in [1,2,3,4,5]:
print (x)
Answer

Output

1
2
3
4
5

Explanation

x will be assigned each of the values from the list one by one and that will get printed.

Question 2f

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for p in range(1,10):
print (p)
Answer

Output

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Explanation
range(1,10) will generate a sequence like this [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. p will be
assigned each of the values from this sequence one by one and that will get printed.

Question 2g

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for z in range(-500, 500, 100):

print (z)
Answer

Output

-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400

Explanation

range(-500, 500, 100) generates a sequence of numbers from -500 to 400 with each
subsequent number incrementing by 100. Each number of this sequence is assigned to z one
by one and then z gets printed inside the for loop.

Question 2h

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 5
for i in range(x-y * 2):
print (" % ", i)
Answer

This code generates No Output.

Explanation

The x-y * 2 in range(x-y * 2) is evaluated as below:

x-y*2
⇒ 10 - 5 * 2
⇒ 10 - 10 [∵ * has higher precedence than -]
⇒0

Thus range(x-y * 2) is equivalent to range(0) which returns an empty sequence — [ ].

Question 2i

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

c = 0
for x in range(10):
for y in range(5):
c += 1
print (c)
Answer

Output

50

Explanation

Outer loop executes 10 times. For each iteration of outer loop, inner loop executes 5 times.
Thus, the statement c += 1 is executed 10 * 5 = 50 times. c is incremented by 1 in each
execution so final value of c becomes 50.

Question 2j

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = [1,2,3]
counter = 0
while counter < len(x):
print(x[counter] * '%')
for y in x:
print(y * '* ')
counter += 1
Answer

Output

%
*
* *
* * *
%%
*
* *
* * *
%%%
*
* *
* * *

Explanation

In this code, the for loop is nested inside the while loop. Outer while loop runs 3 times and
prints % as per the elements in x in each iteration. For each iteration of while loop, the inner
for loop executes 3 times printing * as per the elements in x.

Question 2k

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in 'lamp':
print([Link](x))
Answer

Output

L
A
M
P

Explanation

The for loop extracts each letter of the string 'lamp' one by one and place it in variable x.
Inside the loop, x is converted to uppercase and printed.

Question 2l

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 'one'
y = 'two'
counter = 0
while counter < len(x):
print(x[counter], y[counter])
counter += 1
Answer

Output

o t
n w
e o

Explanation

Inside the while loop, each letter of x and y is accessed one by one and printed.

Question 2m

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = "apple, pear, peach"

y = [Link](", ")
for z in y :
print(z)
Answer

Output

apple
pear
peach

Explanation

[Link](", ") breaks up string x into a list of strings so y becomes ['apple', 'pear', 'peach']. The
for loop iterates over this list and prints each string one by one.

Question 2n

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x ='apple, pear, peach, grapefruit'

y = [Link](', ')
for z in y:
if z < 'm':
print([Link](z))
else:
print([Link](z))
Answer

Output

apple
PEAR
PEACH
grapefruit

Explanation
[Link](', ') breaks up string x into a list of strings so y becomes ['apple', 'pear', 'peach',
'grapefruit']. The for loop iterates over this list. apple and grapefruit are less than m (since a
and g comes before m) so they are converted to lowercase and printed whereas pear and
peach are converted to uppercase and printed.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct output for the execution of the following Python
statement ?

print(5 + 3 ** 2 / 2)

1. 32
2. 8.0
3. 9.5
4. 32.0

Answer

9.5

Explanation

According to operator precedence, exponentiation(**) will come first then division then
addition.

5 + 3 ** 2 / 2
=5+9/2
= 5 + 4.5
= 9.5

Question 4(i)

How many times will the following for loop execute and what's the output?

for i in range(-1, 7, -2):

for j in range (3):
print(1, j)
Answer

The loops execute 0 times and the code produces no output. range(-1, 7, -2) returns an empty
sequence as there are no numbers that start at -1 and go till 6 decrementing by -2. Due to
empty sequence, the loops don't execute.

Question 4(ii)

How many times will the following for loop execute and what's the output?

for i in range(1,3,1):
 for j in range(i+1):
print('*')
Answer

Loop executes for 5 times.

Output

*
*
*
*
*

Explanation

range(1,3,1) returns [1, 2]. For first iteration of outer loop j is in range [0, 1] so inner loop
executes twice. For second iteration of outer loop j is in range [0, 1, 2] so inner loop executes
3 times. This makes the total number of loop executions as 2 + 3 = 5.

Question 5

Find and write the output of the following python code:

for Name in ['Jay', 'Riya', 'Tanu', 'Anil'] :

print (Name)
if Name[0] == 'T' :
break
else :
print ('Finished!')
print ('Got it!')
Answer

Output

Jay
Finished!
Riya
Finished!
Tanu
Got it!

Explanation

The for loop iterates over each name in the list and prints it. If the name does not begin with
the letter T, Finished! is printed after the name. If the name begins with T, break statement is
executed that terminates the loop. Outside the loop, Got it! gets printed.
Question 6

Is the loop in the code below infinite? How do you know (for sure) before you run it?

m = 3
n = 5
while n < 10:
m = n - 1
n = 2 * n - m
print(n, m)
Answer

The loop is not infinite. To know this without running it we can analyze how n is changed
inside the loop in the following way:

n=2*n-m

Substituting value of m from m = n - 1,

n = 2 * n - (n - 1)
⇒n=2*n-n+1
⇒ n = 2n - n + 1
⇒n=n+1

Therefore, inside the loop n is incremented by 1 in each iteration. Loop condition is n < 10
and initial value of n is 5. So after 5 iterations, n will become 10 and the loop will terminate.

Type C: Programming Practice/Knowledge based

Questions

Question 1

Write a program to print one of the words negative, zero, or positive, according to whether
variable x is less than zero, zero, or greater than zero, respectively.

Solution

x = int(input("Enter x: "))

if x < 0:
print("negative")
elif x > 0:
print("positive")
else:
print("zero")

Output

Enter x: -5
negative

Enter x: 0
zero

Enter x: 5
positive

Question 2

Write a program that returns True if the input number is an even number, False otherwise.

Solution

x = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if x % 2 == 0:
print("True")
else:
print("False")

Output

Enter a number: 10
True

Enter a number: 5
False

Question 3

Write a Python program that calculates and prints the number of seconds in a year.

Solution

days = 365
hours = 24
mins = 60
secs = 60
secsInYear = days * hours * mins * secs
print("Number of seconds in a year =", secsInYear)

Output

Number of seconds in a year = 31536000

Question 4
Write a Python program that accepts two integers from the user and prints a message saying
if first number is divisible by second number or if it is not.

Solution

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

if a % b == 0:
print(a, "is divisible by", b)
else:
print(a, "is not divisible by", b)

Output

Enter first number: 15

Enter second number: 5
15 is divisible by 5

Enter first number: 13

Enter second number: 7
13 is not divisible by 7

Question 5

Write a program that asks the user the day number in a year in the range 2 to 365 and asks the
first day of the year — Sunday or Monday or Tuesday etc. Then the program should display
the day on the day-number that has been input.

Solution

dayNames = ["MONDAY", "TUESDAY", "WEDNESDAY", "THURSDAY", "FRIDAY",

"SATURDAY", "SUNDAY"]

dayNum = int(input("Enter day number: "))

firstDay = input("First day of year: ")

if dayNum < 2 or dayNum > 365:

print("Invalid Input")
else:
startDayIdx = [Link]([Link](firstDay))
currDayIdx = dayNum % 7 + startDayIdx - 1

if currDayIdx >= 7:
currDayIdx = currDayIdx - 7

print("Day on day number", dayNum, ":", dayNames[currDayIdx])

Output
Enter day number: 243
First day of year: FRIDAY
Day on day number 243 : TUESDAY

Question 6

One foot equals 12 inches. Write a function that accepts a length written in feet as an
argument and returns this length written in inches. Write a second function that asks the user
for a number of feet and returns this value. Write a third function that accepts a number of
inches and displays this to the screen. Use these three functions to write a program that asks
the user for a number of feet and tells them the corresponding number of inches.

Solution

def feetToInches(lenFeet):
lenInch = lenFeet * 12
return lenInch

def getInput():
len = int(input("Enter length in feet: "))
return len

def displayLength(l):
print("Length in inches =", l)

ipLen = getInput()
inchLen = feetToInches(ipLen)
displayLength(inchLen)

Output

Enter length in feet: 15

Length in inches = 180

Question 7

Write a program that reads an integer N from the keyboard computes and displays the sum of
the numbers from N to (2 * N) if N is nonnegative. If N is a negative number, then it's the
sum of the numbers from (2 * N) to N. The starting and ending points are included in the
sum.

Solution

n = int(input("Enter N: "))
sum = 0
if n < 0:
for i in range(2 * n, n + 1):
sum += i
else:
 for i in range(n, 2 * n + 1):
sum += i

print("Sum =", sum)

Output

Enter N: 5
Sum = 45

Enter N: -5
Sum = -45

Question 8

Write a program that reads a date as an integer in the format MMDDYYYY. The program
will call a function that prints print out the date in the format <Month Name> <day>, <year>.

Sample run :

Enter date : 12252019

December 25, 2019

Solution

months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",

"July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]

dateStr = input("Enter date in MMDDYYYY format: ")

monthIndex = int(dateStr[:2]) - 1
month = months[monthIndex]
day = dateStr[2:4]
year = dateStr[4:]

newDateStr = month + ' ' + day + ', ' + year

print(newDateStr)

Output

Enter date in MMDDYYYY format: 12252019

December 25, 2019

Question 9

Write a program that prints a table on two columns — table that helps converting miles into
kilometers.

Solution
print('Miles | Kilometres')
print(1, "\t", 1.60934)
for i in range(10, 101, 10):
print(i, "\t", i * 1.60934)

Output

Miles | Kilometres
1 1.60934
10 16.0934
20 32.1868
30 48.2802
40 64.3736
50 80.467
60 96.5604
70 112.6538
80 128.7472
90 144.8406
100 160.934

Question 10

Write another program printing a table with two columns that helps convert pounds in
kilograms.

Solution

print('Pounds | Kilograms')
print(1, "\t", 0.4535)
for i in range(10, 101, 10):
print(i, "\t", i * 0.4535)

Output

Pounds | Kilograms
1 0.4535
10 4.535
20 9.07
30 13.605
40 18.14
50 22.675
60 27.21
70 31.745
80 36.28
90 40.815
100 45.35

Question 11
Write a program that reads two times in military format (0900, 1730) and prints the number
of hours and minutes between the two times.

A sample run is being given below :

Please enter the first time : 0900

Please enter the second time : 1730
8 hours 30 minutes

Solution

ft = input("Please enter the first time : ")

st = input("Please enter the second time : ")

# Converts both times to minutes

fMins = int(ft[:2]) * 60 + int(ft[2:])
sMins = int(st[:2]) * 60 + int(st[2:])

# Subtract the minutes, this will give

# the time duration between the two times
diff = sMins - fMins;

# Convert the difference to hours & mins

hrs = diff // 60
mins = diff % 60

print(hrs, "hours", mins, "minutes")

Output

Please enter the first time : 0900

Please enter the second time : 1730
8 hours 30 minutes

Please enter the first time : 0915

Please enter the second time : 1005
0 hours 50 minutes