Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Results in Physics
journal homepage: [Link]/results-in-physics
Peristaltic flow of Sutterby fluid in a vertical channel with radiative heat
transfer and compliant walls: A numerical study
T. Hayat a,b, Hina Zahir a,⇑, M. Mustafa c, A. Alsaedi b
a
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
b
Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM) Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
c
School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Current study aims to investigate the impact of compliant walls on peristaltically induced flow of
Received 16 September 2016 Sutterby fluid in a vertical channel. The flow is subjected to uniform magnetic field in the transverse
Accepted 19 October 2016 direction. In addition heat transfer effects characterized by convective boundary conditions are consid-
Available online 24 October 2016
ered. Energy equation contains heat dissipation and radiative heat transfer effects. Problem formulation
is developed by negligible inertial effects and long wavelength approximation. Shooting method based
Keywords: NDSolve of the software Mathematica has been applied to evaluate numerical results of stream function,
Mixed convection
temperature and heat transfer coefficient. We found that velocity and temperature distributions in
Radiation effect
Convective conditions
Sutterby fluid are greater than of viscous fluid. Radiation parameter tends to reduce the fluid temperature
Compliant walls inside the channel.
Ó 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
license ([Link]
Introduction as pump for performing cardiac operations for arterial flow. Some
recent attempts involving peristaltic motion of Newtonian and
Peristaltic motion has wide coverage in engineering and medi- non-Newtonian fluids under the influence of magnetic field can
cal industry. Peristalsis is a process in which physiological fluid (or be found in [1–10]. Buoyancy forces stemming from cooling/heat-
biofluid) is propelled by means of sinusoidal waves advancing axi- ing of surfaces alter the flow and thermal field and thereby heat
ally along the length of tube/channel. In physiological world, peri- transfer characteristics of the process. The study of mixed convec-
stalsis works as vasomotion of small blood vessels, bile in bile duct, tive flow with MHD in peristalsis has gain enormous attention due
transport of food from the mouth through oesophagus and chyme to its extensive range of applications in industry and technological
movement in the entire gastrointestinal tract. Further, blood pump fields. In drying technologies, hemodialysis, chemical processing
in heart lung machine, design of several modern medical devices, equipment, cooling of electronic devices, solar energy collectors,
locomotion of worms and translocation of water in tall trees are heat exchangers, nuclear reactors and oxygenation, the analysis
also due to peristaltic principle. In urinary track, peristalsis occurs of convective heat transfer in peristalsis cannot be undervalued.
due to involuntary contractions of the ureter walls which transport Excellent articles related to mixed convection MHD flow have been
urine from kidneys to bladder. In esophagus, peristalsis is due to presented by many authors [11–21]. Further, thermal radiation
the wave-like motions of smooth muscles which carry the food effects in the flow are vital in applications involving plasma at high
to stomach. In view of such biomedical applications, reasonable temperature, heat conduction in tissues, MHD generators, gas tur-
attention has been devoted to explore the peristaltic mechanism bines and nuclear plants. Heat transfer by means of radiation is
of non-Newtonian fluids through planar channel. Peristalsis also effective in laser surgery, cryosurgery, destruction of cancer
through magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) has been widely tumors, processing of fusing of metals in an electrical furnace, in
addressed research topic for several years because of its occurrence the polymer processing industry controlling heat transfer and pre-
in applications such as magnetic drug targeting, treatment of diction of blood flow rate.
cancerous tissues, treatment of nuclear fuel debris, blood pumps, Inspired by the promising applications mentioned above, our
bleeding reduction during surgeries etc. Magnet force also serves main objective here is to analyze the mixed convection flow of Sut-
terby fluid in a planar channel having compliant wall properties.
Heat transfer due to viscous dissipation and radiation is analyzed.
⇑ Corresponding author.
The relevant equations are first modeled under adequate
E-mail address: hinazahir1@[Link] (H. Zahir).
[Link]
2211-3797/Ó 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([Link]
806 T. Hayat et al. / Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810
" ( 2 2 )#
@u @ v @v
2
assumptions and then solved for numerical solutions. Graphical l mB2 @u @u
Sxx ¼ 1 2 þ þ þ2 2 ; ð11Þ
results for axial velocity, temperature and heat transfer coefficient 2 6 @x @y @x @y @x
are prepared and analyzed for broad range of embedded " ( ) #
@u @ v @v @u @ v
2 2 2
parameters. l mB2 @u
Sxy ¼ 1 2 þ þ þ2 þ ; ð12Þ
2 6 @x @y @x @y @y @x
" ( 2 2 )#
@u @ v @v @v
2
Mathematical formulation l mB2 @u
Syy ¼ 1 2 þ þ þ2 2 : ð13Þ
2 6 @x @y @x @y @y
Here peristaltic flow of incompressible Sutterby fluid in a verti-
cal symmetric channel of half thickness d is considered. The sinu- No slip conditions for this flow are:
soidal wave of amplitude a and wavelength k with constant speed c u ¼ 0 at y ¼ g; ð14Þ
propagates axially across the flexible walls of channel in time t. Let
uðx; y; tÞ be the velocity component in the axial direction and Convective boundary condition for heat transport are as
v ðx; y; tÞ in transverse direction. The wave shape is represented follows:
by the following equation: @T
k ¼ hðT T 0 Þ at y ¼ g; ð15Þ
2p @y
y ¼ gðx; tÞ ¼ d þ a sin ðx ctÞ ; ð1Þ @T
k k ¼ hðT 0 TÞ at y ¼ g; ð16Þ
@y
The extra stress tensor S for Sutterby fluid is given by
" #m where h is the heat transfer coefficient. and boundary condition for
_
l sinh1 fBng compliant wall is as under:
S¼ A1 ; ð2Þ " #
2 Bn_
@3 @3 0 @
2
s 3 þ m1 þd g
where A; B are material constants, l the fluid dynamic viscosity, @x @x@t 2 @t@x
t
A1 ¼ ðgradVÞ þ ðgradVÞ the first Rivlin Erickson tensor and @u @Sxy @Sxx
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi2ffi ¼ q þ þ þ qbT gðT T 0 Þ rB20 u at y ¼ g; ð17Þ
n_ ¼
tracA1
. @t @y @x
2
Thus, two-dimensional flow and heat transfer of Sutterby fluid where s is the elastic tension in the membrane, m1 the mass per
are governed by the following equations: 0
unit area, d the viscous damping coefficient and r the electrical
r V ¼ 0; ð3Þ conductivity.
In order to non-dimensionalize the problem, we introduce the
dV following variables
q ¼ rp þ div S þ J B þ qbT gðT T 0 Þ; ð4Þ
dt w x y ct u
w ¼ ; x ¼ ; y ¼ ; t ¼ ; u ¼ ;
cd k d k c
dT v g
2
qcp ¼ kr2 T r qr þ L S; ð5Þ v ¼ ; g ¼ ; h ¼
T T 0
; p ¼
d p
;
dt c d T0 lck
where q is the density, p the pressure, B ¼ ð0; 0; B0 Þ the magnetic R lc
field strength, J the current density, bT the coefficient of thermal k ¼ ; Sij ¼ S ; ð18Þ
d d ij
expansion, g the gravitational acceleration, T the fluid temperature,
in which the stream function in terms of velocity components is
T 0 denotes the convective temperature, cp the specific heat, k the
expressed below
thermal conductivity, L the velocity gradient and qr denotes the
radiative heat flux given by @w @w
u¼ ; v ¼ d : ð19Þ
@y @x
4r
qr ¼ rT 4 ; ð6Þ
3k Taking into account the assumptions of long wavelength of the
peristaltic wave compared to half width of channel and negligible
where k and r are the mean absorption coefficient and Stefan-
inertial effects, we arrive at the following equations
Boltzmann constant respectively. In Eq. (6), T 4 we expand in Taylor
series about T 0 and then neglect square and higher powers of @p @Sxy
þ þ Grh H2 wy ¼ 0; ð20Þ
ðT T 0 Þ by assuming that temperature differences within the flow @x @y
are sufficiently small.
Eqs. (3)–(5) can be expressed in the component form as: @p
¼ 0; ð21Þ
@y
@u @ v
þ ¼ 0; ð7Þ
@x @y @2h
ð1 þ RnPrÞ þ Brwyy Sxy ¼ 0; ð22Þ
@u @u @u @p @Sxx @Sxy @y2
q þu þv ¼ þ þ rB20 u þ qbT gðT T 0 Þ; ð8Þ
@t @x @y @x @x @y
Sxy ¼ f1 bw2yy gwyy ; ð23Þ
@v @v @v @p @Sxx @Sxy
q þu þv ¼ þ þ rB20 v ; ð9Þ
@t @x @y @y @x @y where Gr ¼ qblT gT 0 rB20
is the Grashof number, H2 ¼ l the Hartman
" # c
3 lcp
@T @T @T @T @ 2 T @ @ number, Rn ¼ 3kk16r
lcp T 0 the radiation parameter, Pr ¼ k the Prandtl
þu þv
qcp ¼k þ ðqr Þx ðqr Þy
@t @x @y @x2 @y2 @x @y number, Br ¼ EPr the Brinkman number and b ¼ mB c 2 2
the Sutterby
6d2
@u @u @ v @v fluid parameter. The boundary conditions (14)–(17) in view of
þ Sxx þ Sxy þ þ Syy ; ð10Þ variables (18) become
@x @y @x @y
wy ¼ 0 at y ¼ g; ð24Þ
where
T. Hayat et al. / Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810 807
@h
þ Bih ¼ 0 at y ¼ g; ð25Þ
@y
@h
Bih ¼ 0 at y ¼ g; ð26Þ
@y
" #
@3 @3 @2 @
E1 3 þ E2 þ E3 g ¼ Sxy
@x @x@t 2 @x@t @y
þ Grh H2 wy at y ¼ g ð27Þ
3 m1 cd3 3 0
In above equations E1 ¼ ks3dlc ; E2 ¼ and E3 ¼ dlkd2 are the
k3 l
non-dimensional elasticity and damping parameters, Bi ¼ hd k
the
Biot number and ¼ da the amplitude ratio parameter. Fig. 2. Variation in velocity u for wall parameters E1 ; E2 ; E3 when ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01;
x ¼ 0:2; H ¼ 0:1; Br ¼ 0:5; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5, Gr ¼ 4, and Rn ¼ 3.
Through Eqs. (20) and (21) one obtains the following:
@ @Sxr
þ Grh H2 wy ¼ 0: ð28Þ
@y @y
Numerical results and discussion
The governing nonlinear Eqs. (22) and (28) subject to the condi-
tions (24)–(27) have been solved for the numerical solutions by
built in function NDSolve of Mathematica. This routine is based
on the standard shooting method with fourth order Runge–Kutta
integration technique.
Velocity distribution
The results presented in Figs. 1–4 reveal variation in velocity
Fig. 3. Variation in velocity u for Hartman number H when E1 ¼ 0:04; E2 ¼ 0:01;
profile uðyÞ with the change in Grashof number Gr, compliant wall
E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2; Br ¼ 0:9; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; Gr ¼ 4, and
parameters E1 ; E2 , and E3 , Hartman number H and Sutterby fluid Rn ¼ 3.
parameter b. As the Grashof number Gr enlarges, the velocity dis-
tribution increases inside the channel (see Fig. 1). Physically, an
increase in Gr implies larger buoyancy forces which accelerates
the flow in axial direction. Fig. 2 shows that axial velocity uðyÞ is
an increasing function of tension and mass characterizing parame-
ters E1 and E2 whereas velocity decays when damping parameter
E3 is increased. It is understandable since fluid experiences larger
resistance to flow in case of stronger wall damping. Moreover, lar-
ger values of E1 implies a reduction in wall tension due to which
velocity increases. In Fig. 3, the behavior of magnetic field effect
on axial velocity uðyÞ is portrayed. Hartman number H is defined
as the ratio of magnetic force to viscous force. As H enlarges, the
magnetic force normal to the flow direction dominates the viscous
effect. Consequently, velocity in the axial direction decreases upon
increasing the Hartman number H. Fig. 4 shows the influence of
Fig. 4. Variation in velocity u for Sutterby fluid parameter b when E1 ¼ 0:04;
E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, H ¼ 0:1; Br ¼ 0:8; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5;
Gr ¼ 4, and Rn ¼ 3.
Sutterby fluid parameter on the velocity profile uðyÞ. Flow appears
to accelerate along the axial direction when bigger values of b are
employed.
Temperature distribution
Figs. 5–11 are sketched to observe the physical effects of
embedded parameters on temperature profile hðyÞ. From Fig. 5 it
Fig. 1. Variation in velocity u for Grashof number Gr when E1 ¼ 0:04, E2 ¼ 0:01; is observed that temperature his inversely proportional to the radi-
E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2; H ¼ 0:1; Br ¼ 0:5; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5, and ation parameter Rn. Temperature is found to be maximum at the
Rn ¼ 3. centre of planar channel. Fig. 6 indicates that temperature
808 T. Hayat et al. / Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810
Fig. 9. Variation in temperature h for Brinkman number Br when E1 ¼ 0:04;
Fig. 5. Variation in temperature h for Radiation Rn when E1 ¼ 0:03; E2 ¼ 0:02;
E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, H ¼ 0:1; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5;
E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, Br ¼ 0:9; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; Gr ¼ 4, and
Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02.
H ¼ 0:1.
Fig. 6. Variation in temperature h for wall parameters E1 ; E2 ; E3 when ¼ 0:2; Fig. 10. Variation in temperature h for Prandtl number Pr when E1 ¼ 0:04;
t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2; Br ¼ 0:7; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; Gr ¼ 4; H ¼ 0:1 and Rn ¼ 3. E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, H ¼ 0:1; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Br ¼ 0:9;
Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02.
Fig. 7. Variation in temperature h for Sutterby fluid parameter b when E1 ¼ 0:04;
E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2; Br ¼ 0:9; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5;
Gr ¼ 4, and H ¼ 0:1. Fig. 11. Variation in temperature h for Biot number Bi when E1 ¼ 0:04;
E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, H ¼ 0:1; Rn ¼ 3; Pr ¼ 1:5; Br ¼ 0:9;
Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02.
henlarges by increasing tension and mass characterizing parame-
ters while damping parameter cools down the fluid inside the
channel. Fig. 7 reveals that as Sutterby fluid parameter increases,
temperature distribution increases. It means that temperature in
Sutterby fluid is larger than that in viscous fluid. In Fig. 8, it is clear
that magnetic force has important role in reducing fluid tempera-
ture within the channel. Fig. 9 preserves the behavior of Brinkman
number Br on temperature. Brinkman number Br represents the
intensity of dissipation effects. Since temperature at the wall is
controlled convectively, therefore heat transfer is only considered
Fig. 8. Variation in temperature h for Hartman number H when E1 ¼ 0:04;
due to heat dissipation effects. Due to this reason, we expect tem-
E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; x ¼ 0:2, Br ¼ 0:9; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; perature to be higher in case of larger Brinkman number, as also
Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02. observed in Fig. 9. Fig. 10 shows that temperature hhas direct
T. Hayat et al. / Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810 809
relationship with Prandtl number Pr. Fig. 11 indicates that temper-
ature decreases when strength of convective heating is enhanced.
Heat transfer coefficient
In Figs. 12–16, we plot heat transfer coefficient ZðxÞ for different
values of embedded parameters. Interestingly, ZðxÞ has oscillatory
profile across channel walls. Fig. 12 indicates that buoyancy forces
reduce the heat transfer rate from the channel walls. The effect of
compliant wall parameters E1 ; E2 and E3 on ZðxÞ appears to be sim-
ilar to that on the temperature profile (see Fig. 13). It can be con-
cluded through Fig. 14 that radiative heat transfer opposes the
Fig. 15. Variation in heat transfer coefficient Z for Hartman number H when
heat flow from the channel walls. Moreover this effect is preserved E1 ¼ 0:04; E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; Br ¼ 0:9; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5;
when Hartman number is varied from H ¼ 0 to H ¼ 0:9. Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02.
Fig. 12. Variation in heat transfer coefficient for Grashof number Gr when Fig. 16. Variation in heat transfer coefficient Z for Sutterby fluid parameter when
E1 ¼ 0:04; E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:02; t ¼ 0:01; H ¼ 0:1; Br ¼ 0:9; b ¼ 0:02; E1 ¼ 0:04; E2 ¼ 0:01; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:2; t ¼ 0:01; H ¼ 0:1; Rn ¼ 3; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5;
Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5, and Rn ¼ 3. Gr ¼ 4, and b ¼ 0:02.
Conclusions
In this attempt, we presented numerical solutions for peristalti-
cally driven flow of Sutterby fluid in planar channel. Radiative heat
transfer and wall properties effects are preserved in the mathemat-
ical model. The key observations of this study are listed below:
Axial velocity is directly proportional to both Sutterby fluid
parameter b and Grashof number Gr.
Magnetic force acting normal to the flow resists the fluid
motion due to which velocity decreases in the axial direction.
Magnetic field effect tends to reduce fluid temperature while
Fig. 13. Variation in heat transfer coefficient Z for wall parameters E1 ; E2 ; E3 when
heat transfer coefficient enlarges when stronger magnetic force
¼ 0:02; t ¼ 0:01; Br ¼ 0:3; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; Gr ¼ 4; H ¼ 0:1 and Rn ¼ 3.
is employed.
Velocity and temperature distributions increase when either
wall tension reduces or wall mass per unit area enlarges.
The influence of wall damping parameter E3 on the solutions is
qualitatively opposite to that of E1 and E2 .
Temperature rises and heat flux from the wall diminishes when
convective heating at the walls is intensified.
Role of radiation parameter Rn is to reduce temperature and
wall heat flux.
References
[1] A.M. Abd-Alla, S.M. Abo-Dahab, Rotation effect on peristaltic transport of a
Jeffrey fluid in an asymmetric channel with gravity field, Alex. Eng. J. doi:
[Link]
Fig. 14. Variation in heat transfer coefficient Z for Radiation Rn when E1 ¼ 0:04; [2] Ramesh K. Influence of heat and mass transfer on peristaltic flow of a couple
E2 ¼ 0:02; E3 ¼ 0:01; ¼ 0:02; t ¼ 0:01; Br ¼ 0:3; b ¼ 0:02; Bi ¼ 2; Pr ¼ 1:5; Gr ¼ 4, stress fluid through porous medium in the presence of inclined magnetic field
and H ¼ 0:1. in an inclined asymmetric channel. J. Mol. Liq. 2016;219:256–71.
810 T. Hayat et al. / Results in Physics 6 (2016) 805–810
[3] Abd-Alla AM, Abo-Dahab SM, Kilicman A. Peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid [13] Mustafa M, Abbasbandy S, Hina S, Hayat T. Numerical investigation on mixed
under the effect of radially varying magnetic field in a tube with an endoscope. convective peristaltic flow of fourth grade fluid with Dufour and Soret effects.
J. Magn. Mag. Mater. 2015;348:79–86. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2014;45:308–16.
[4] Abbasi FM, Hayat T, Alsaedi A. Numerical analysis for MHD peristaltic [14] Abd-Alla AM, Abo-Dahab SM, El-Shahrang HD. Influence of heat and mass
transport of Carreau-Yasuda fluid in a curved channel with Hall effects. J. transfer, initial stress and radially varying magnetic field on the peristaltic
Magn. Mag. Mater. 2015;382:104–10. flow in an annulus with gravity field. J. Magn. Mag. Mater. 2014;363:166–78.
[5] Ellahi R, Hussain F. Simultaneous effects af MHD and partial slip on peristaltic [15] Nadeem S, Sadaf H, Akbar N. Influence of radially varying MHD on the
flow of Jeffrey fluid in a rectangular duct. J. Magn. Mag. Mater. peristaltic flow in an annulus with heat and mass transfer. J. Taiwan Int. Chem.
2015;393:284–92. Eng. 2010;41:286–94.
[6] Muthuraj R, Nirmala K, Srinivas S. Influences of chemical reaction and wall [16] Tripathi D, Beg OA. A study on peristaltic flow of nanofluids: application in
properties on MHD Peristaltic transport of a Dusty fluid with Heat and Mass drug delivery systems. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2014;70:61–70.
transfer. Alexandria Eng. J. 2016;55:597–611. [17] Abbasi FM, Hayat T, Alsaedi A. Peristaltic transport of magneto-nanoparticles
[7] Hameed M, Khan AA, Ellahi R, Raza M. Study of magnetic and heat transfer on submerged in water: model for drug delivery system. Phys. E: Low-dim.
the peristaltic transport of a fractional second grade fluid in a vertical tube. Nanostruct. 2015;68:123–32.
Eng. Tech. Int. J. 2015;18:496–502. [18] Hayat T, Bibi S, Rafiq M, Alsaedi A, Abbasi FM. Effects of an inclined magnetic
[8] Sinha A, Shit GC, Ranjit NK. Peristaltic transport of MHD flow and heat transfer field on peristaltic flow of Williamson fluid in an inclined channel with
in an asymmetric channel: effects of variable viscosity, velocity slip and convective conditions. J. Magn. Mag. Mater. 2016;401:733–45.
temperature jump. Alexandria Eng. J. 2015;54:691–704. [19] Hayat T, Yasmin H, Ahmad B, Chen B. Simultaneous effects of convective
[9] Reddy MG, Reddy KV. Influence of joule heating on MHD peristaltic flow of a conditions and nanoparticles on peristaltic motion. J. Mol. Liq.
nanofluid with compliant walls. Proc. Eng. 2015;127:1002–9. 2014;193:74–82.
[10] Hina S, Hayat T, Alsaedi A. Heat and mass transfer effects on the peristaltic [20] Hussain Q, Hayat T, Asghar S, Alsulami HH. Mixed convective peristaltic
flow of Johnson-Segalman fluid in a curved channel with compliant walls. Int. transport in a vertical channel with Robin’s condition. J. Brazilian Soc. Mech.
J. Heat Mass Transfer 2012;55:3511–21. Sci. Eng. 2014;36:681–95.
[11] Hayat T, Zahir H, Tanveer A, Alsaedi A. Influences of Hall current and chemical [21] Srinivas S, Muthuraj R. Effects of thermal radiation and space porosity on MHD
reaction in mixed convective peristaltic flow of Prandtl fluid. J. Magn. Mag. mixed convection flow in a vertical channel using homotopy analysis method.
Mater. 2016;407:321–7. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 2010;15:2098–108.
[12] Hayat T, Abbasi FM, Yami Maryem Al, Quel SM. Slip and Joule heating in mixed
convection peristaltic transport of nanofluid with Soret and Dufour effects. J.
Mol. Liq. 2014;194:93–9.