J Biochem Technol (2022) 13(2): 19-28 22
vegetables and also responsible for their colors red, yellow and undesirable side effects, herbal medicine is a low-priced
orange. They are considered responsible for the beneficial alternative (Thomas et al., 2021). Herbs and herbal remedies are
property of vegetables and fruits in preventing human diseases not surprising because they contain thousands of bioactive
like cardiovascular diseases (Toh et al., 2021). components whose therapeutic applications are known (Alotiby
& Al-Harbi, 2021). Herbs are used as pharmaceutical drugs
Naturally occurring herbs and medicinal plants having providing a starting point for synthesizing more than 50%.
antihypertensive potential / Back to nature Validation of these drugs will increase the trust of traditional
drug users and cause suspicion of synthesized drugs. For the
Over the past decade, herbal remedies have been used as a treatment of hypertension, many herbal drugs are used (Table
method of treatment that has increased remarkably. Having less 1).
Table 1. Herbal drugs used for the treatment of hypertension
Botanical Common
Family Chemical Constituent Reference
Name Name
Allium Sulfur-Containing Compounds Alliin, Ajoene, Diallyl (Agrawal et al.,
Garlic Liliaceae
Sativum sulfide, Dithiin, Sallylcysteine, 2010)
Alkaloids Including Withanine, Withananine,
Withania Withananinine, Pseudowithanine, Somnine, Somniferinine, (Kushwaha et al.,
Ashwagandha Solanaceae
Somnifera and Somniferine. The Leaves Of Indian Chemo Type 2012)
Contain Withanolides, Including Withaferin A.
Hibiscus
Hibiscus Malvaceae Andhibiscic,Oxalic, Citric,Malic,Tarteric Acid (Ajay et al., 2007)
Sabdariffa
Ephedra Sinica,
Ephedra Ma Huang Contain The Phenylproamine Alkaloids, L-Ephedrine, And
(Agrawal et al.,
Intermedia Or (Herbal Ephedraceae Pseudoephedrine. E. Sinica Contains 55-78% Ephedrine
2010)
Ephedra Ephedra And 12-23% Pseudoephedrine.
Equisetina.
Root Contains Ferulic Acid, About 0.2-0.4% Of Essential
Angelicae Chinese Oil, Ligusticide, Brefeldin A, Nicotinic Acid, Angelicide, (Agrawal et al.,
Apiaceae
Gigantis Angelica Succinic Acid, Butylphthalide, and Several Coumarin 2010)
Constituents.
Coleus
Forskolin Lamiaceae. Ditermene Coleonol, (Jagtap et al., 2011)
Forskohlii
Grape Skin Produces Endothelium Dependent Aorta (Nassiri‐Asl &
Vitis Vinifera Raisins Vitaceae
Relaxation Possibly By Its Flavonoids (Quercetin) Hosseinzadeh,2016)
Panex Ginseng Ginseng Araliaceous Ginsenoside (Nagar et al., 2020)
Hypericum [Link]’s (Villegas & Le,
Hyperi -Caeca Hype Ricin And Hyperfine
Perforatum Wort 2019)
Lorentus Ben- African
Lorentheacae Tender Shoots—Contain 10% Tannins (Shrout et al., 2017)
Winces Milestone
Quinolizidine Alkaloids; Main Alkaloids Are (−)-Lupanine,
Sparteine, Ammodendrine And Various Derivatives;
Cystisus Scotch Biogenic Amines, Including Try Amine, Dopamine;
Papilionaceae (Giles et al., 2018)
Scoparius Broom Epinine, Is Flavone Glycosides Including Scoparin;
Genistein, Essential Oil; Flavonoids; Caffeic Acid And P-
Coumaric Acids; Tannins. Seeds Contain Lectins
Cimicifuga
Black Cohosh Ranunculaceae Triterpene Glycosides,Cycloartanes (Giles et al., 2018)
Racemosa
Rhynchophylline, Hirsutine, And Mitraphylline.
Uncaria
Cat’s Claw Rubeacae Rhynchophylline. Three Sterols — Beta Sitosterol (80%), (Yang, 2019)
Tomantosa
Stigma Sterol, And Campestral—