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Overview of Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is system software that serves as an interface between users and hardware, managing resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It can be categorized into types like batch, multiprogramming, multitasking, multiprocessing, and real-time OS, each with distinct functionalities and user interactions. The goals of an OS include convenience and efficiency in resource management and application execution.

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10 views2 pages

Overview of Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is system software that serves as an interface between users and hardware, managing resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It can be categorized into types like batch, multiprogramming, multitasking, multiprocessing, and real-time OS, each with distinct functionalities and user interactions. The goals of an OS include convenience and efficiency in resource management and application execution.

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operating system

Operating system
Software - A tested program with documentation.
OS is a system software
It acts an interface between user and hardware.
interface - It helps to manage computer resources very easily without worrying
about the internal details.
It operates computer hardware.
It provides platform for application software to run.
Functions of os
Resource manager
Processor management by scheduling
Memory management
I/O devices management
Storage management (disk)
Security and protection of data at process level
Device management
Goals of os
convenience - Easy to use
Efficiency

Types of interface
gui - graphical user interface e.g. windows
cui - character user interface e.g. dos
Types of os

1. Batch os

It have many jobs.


job - program + input data + control instructions
Non interactive os - user can't interact with os
we used to insert jobs in the form of punch card to card reader and then card
reader read what is written in punch cards.
User used to prepare jobs on punch card and submit it to the operator (person)
then operator used to sort jobs according to needs. Similar kinds of jobs are
bundled in one batch and so on.

operating system 1
Operator used to insert batches to the card reader(OS) one by one.
Output is also generated in the form of punch card.
During loading and unloading of punch cards the cpu remains idle so in batch
os cpu utilisation is low.

1. Multiprogramming os

The main memory consists of jobs waiting for cpu time. The os selects one of
processes and assigns it to the cpu.
Whenever the executing process needs to wait for other operation (like I/O)
then os will assign another process from the job queue to cpu.
In this way cpu is never kept idle and the user can do multiple tasks at once.
There is one drawback that we can't end processes forcefully we have to wait
untill the process is finished.

1. Multitasking os

It combines the benefits of multiprogramming os and cpu scheduling to do


quick swithing between jobs.
Multitasking os manages cpu in a way that it switches jobs from ready queue
for execution as per time quantum.

1. Multiprocessing

More than one processes can be executed at same time due to the presence of
multiple cpu are there in a computer.

1. Real time os

Real time os is used to process a set of tasks within deadline.

Process - It is a program under execution.


Process state diagram

operating system 2

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