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DIRECTING
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Directing is the part of management process which ensures that the members
of an organization work efficiently and effectively for the attainment of desired
objectives.
It is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring employees to
achieve the predetermined objectives.
It involves issuing orders and instructions to subordinates, overseeing people at
work, and creating a work environment.
It includes motivating subordinates and providing leadership to them.
IMPORTACE OF DIRECTING:
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Initiates action
Improves efficiency
Ensures coordination
Facilitates changes
Balance in the organisation
Helps stability & Growth
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Supervision
Elements of Directing
Communication Directing Motivation
leadership
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Supervision:
The word Supervision consists of two parts (a) super (b) vision.
Super means over and above and Vision means seeing things or
looking over people or viewing mental images.
Supervision may be defined as overseeing people at work from
above.
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Functions of a Supervisor:
• Scheduling the work
• Issuing orders and instructions:
• Guiding subordinates
• Motivating workers
• Maintaining discipline
• Handling Grievances
• Monitoring performance
• Ensuring safety
• Reporting and Feedback
• Serving as a Linking Pin
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Motivation:
The term motivation derived from the word motive, which means
the urge to do or not to do something.
Motive is the force within an individual which compels him to act or
not to act in a certain way.
It is the act of inspiring employees to work hard to achieve the
desired goals of the organization.
The aim of motivation is to influence the behavior of subordinates
for better performance and achieving thee desired results.
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Maslow’s Theory
Abraham H. Maslow, An American Psychologist has developed a
classification of human needs which is known as “Hierarchy of
needs”.
According to him needs can be classified into five categories and
can be arranged in order of their importance or priority.
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Morality
Creativity
Lack of prejudice
Self Actualization Need Acceptance of facts
Self esteem, confidence,
Self Esteem Needs Respect, Achievement
Family, Friendship, Love, Marriage
Social Needs
Security of body, employment, resources,
Safety & Security mobility, family, health.
Air, Food , Water, Clothing, Shelter
Physiological Needs
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Leadership:
Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing behavior and
performance of other in group effort towards the achievement of specific
goals in a given situation.
Leadership is the process of securing willing and enthusiastic
cooperation of others.
It is a process of interaction between the leaders and his followers.
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Sound Physique
Intelligence
Initiative
Integrity
Decisiveness
Emotional stability
Self- Confidence and will power
Communication skill
Vision and Foresight
Social skills
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Communication:
The Term Communication derived from Latin word Communis which
means common. Thus, communication may be defined as exchange of
facts, ideas, opinion or emotions between two or more people to create a
common ground of understanding
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Steps in Communication Process
Sender Message Encoding Channel
Feedback Decoding Receiver
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Objectives of Communication
To educate and train people.
To motivate employees.
To promote managerial efficiency.
To implement decision quickly.
To facilitate leadership.
To carry out changes.
To create team work.
To secure feedback.
Barriers to Communication
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Physical barriers: Communication is a two –way process. Noise and
environmental disturbances are some physical barriers.
Personal / Psychological barriers: personal factors like judgement, emotion
and social values create a psychological distance between thee sender and the
receiver. Prejudice, attitude, time pressure and inferiority/superiority complex
are some of the examples.
Semantic or Language barriers: when the sender and the receiver interpret
the message differently misunderstanding arises. In some cases, the receiver
may not understand the language used by the sender.
Status barrier: Superior – subordinate relationship in the formal organization
structure may obstruct free flow of information. The hierarchal level creates
filtering and distorts downwards and upward communication
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Organisational Barriers: When organisation structure is complex comprising
of several layers of management, breakdown or distortion in communication
may arise. Due to long lines of communication, flow of information gets delayed
and distorted.
Inattention: Inadequate attention to the message is likely to create
misunderstanding. Inattention may arise due to busyness or because the
message is contrary to the expectations.
Premature evaluations: some people are in the habit of forming a judgment
before reading / listening the entire message. It distorts the understanding and
make communication ineffective.
Other barriers: Choice of misappropriate medium, lack of time, pressure of
work, unclarified assumptions, badly expressed message, communication
overload, wrong translation etc.
Overcoming Barriers to Communication
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Well Drafted Message:
Proper language:
Two – way communication:
Sound organisation structure:
Consistency:
Empathetic listening:
Motivation:
Gestures and tone:
Grapevine:
Feedback
Open door policy: