UNIT 9: WORLD ENGLISHES

Defining relative clauses

(Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ cho chúng ta biết thêm về người và sự vật. Nó thường bắt đầu bằng một
đại từ quan hệ.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định cung cấp cho chúng ta những thông tin cần thiết. Nếu không có
thông tin này, mọi người sẽ không rõ chúng ta đang nói đến (những) người hoặc vật nào.
Ví dụ:
+ The teacher who taught me my first words in English is Mr Vinh.
+ He gave me the dictionary which you suggested.
- Đại từ quan hệ who hoặc which có thể làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
Chúng ta phải sử dụng nó khi nó là chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. Chúng ta có thể bỏ qua nó
nếu nó là tân ngữ.
Ví dụ:
- The man who is talking to the girl is bilingual in English and French. => phải dùng who
- The man who you met this morning is bilingual in English and French. => có thể lược bỏ who
I. Choose A, B, C, or D to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The new film is about a boy _____ can speak several languages.
A. who B. Which C. Whose D. what
2. Lan is a student _____ English vocabulary is the strongest in our class.
A. who B. Which C. Whose D. what
3. The English-English dictionary _____ I bought at this store a few days ago is expensive.
A. what B. Which C. When D. whose
4. That’s the writer _____ historical fiction I recommended.
A. who B. Which C. Where D. whose
5. Nigeria is a country _____ is one of the largest English-speaking countries in the world.
A. who B. Which C. Where D. whose
6. That’s my friend, _______________ comes from Japan.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
7. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
8. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
9. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
10. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
11. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ∅
[Link]’s the woman _____ car was stolen last night.
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
13. This is the city _____ I was born.
A. who B. which C. where D. whose
14. The teacher _____ I admire the most is very kind and dedicated.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
[Link] school _____ we studied has a beautiful library.
A. where B. which C. who D. whose
16. I need a tool _____ can cut through this thick wire.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
[Link] author _____ books have been translated into many languages is world-famous.
A. whose B. who C. which D. where
18. The year _____ we met for the first time was unforgettable.
A. who B. which C. when D. what
19. That’s the dog _____ bark wakes me up every morning.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
20. The scientist _____ invention changed the world was awarded a Nobel Prize.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
II. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box. Change the form of the word
or phrase when necessary. There is one extra word or phrase.

1. As a(n) _______, she tried to introduce her country's traditions and customs to foreign
friends.
2. English and French are two _______ in Canada.
3. Being _______ in English is one requirement of the job.
4. There are many different _______ of the English language spoken around the world.
5. Although he lives in France, his _______ is Vietnamese, not French.
6. The five circles have a common centre. In other words, they are _______.
III. Complete the sentences with the noun form of the verbs in brackets.
1. People from different cultures use different forms of non-
verbal ____communication_______ (COMMUNICATE).
2. Fiona sometimes finds it difficult to read people’s facial ___________ (EXPRESS).
3. We had an interesting ___________ (DISCUSS) in class today about different cultures.
4. For homework, I want you to write a ___________ (DESCRIBE) of your last holiday.
5. I use a great app to help me with my ___________ (PRONOUNCE) of new words in English.
6. Check in the dictionary for the correct ___________ (DEFINE) of this word.
7. What shall we get Janine for her birthday? Do you have any ___________ (SUGGEST)?
8. Do you have any ___________ (EXPLAIN) for the way you behaved?
9. This book has lots of useful ___________ (INFORM) about how to communicate.
IV. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
Getting by in a foreign country
When I travel to another country, I always try to learn the language so I can (1) communicate with
local people. I don’t just study words and grammar but (2) ___________ too, so people can
understand me. However, this isn’t always possible, especially if you’re just going somewhere for
a short holiday. It’s amazing how much you can express with gestures and facial (3) ___________.
Looking somebody in the (4) ___________ and (5) ___________ your head is important because
it shows you’re paying attention to what they say. If you don’t understand someone, stay calm
and don’t raise your (6) ___________. There are better ways to show you don’t understand. One
(7) ___________ is to simply (8) ___________ your shoulders in a friendly way and smile.
Be careful with some gestures, though, as they can mean different things around the world. If you
(9) ___________ your head in Bulgaria, it actually means ‘yes’. And in some countries, it’s rude to
point a (10) ___________ at anything, especially other people.
1. A. say B. repeat C. translate D. communicate
2. A. speak B. pronounce C. pronunciation D. repetition
3. A. information B. descriptions C. definitions D. expressions
4. A. mouth B. eye C. face D. head
5. A. nodding B. raising C. pointing D. moving
6. A. head B. gestures C. body D. voice
7. A. suggest B. suggestion C. definition D. define
8. A. shake B. lower C. shrug D. bow
9. A. shake B. point C. shrug D. lower
10. A. body B. hand C. head D. finger

V. Combine the two sentences using relative clauses.

1. The waitress served us. She was very friendly.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The bus goes into town. It stops at the school too.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The woman lives next door. Is she a teacher?
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The hotel was beautiful. We stayed there last summer.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t like the film. We saw it at the cinema yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. This week, I’ve visited the school. I studied there when I was a teenager.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. That is the room. The meeting is held in that room.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.

9. I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.

10. She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.

VI. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.

command international governments communication globalization

multilingual quality dominant resources disadvantage

Did you realize that over a two billion people in the world now speak English? According to a
recent report “...three billion people will be speaking or learning English within a decade.” English
is the language of (1) _______________. It’s the language of (2)_______________business and
politics. It is the primary language used for most computers and for the inner workings of the
Internet.
English is the (3)_______________international language in communications, science, aviation,
entertainment, radio and diplomacy. English is an important tool for operating on the world stage.
The ability to speak and understand English is mandatory in certain fields, professions, and
occupations. In fact, English is so widely spoken, it is referred to as, the “lingua franca” of the
modern era.
With the global spread of English serious economic and political (4)_______________will
probably come to those not having a reasonable command of the language. We see a future in
which mono lingual English graduates face bleaker economic prospects as qualified
(5)_______________graduates prove to have a competitive advantage in global companies and
organizations. Given that English has acquired its world-wide reputation due in large part to
globalized power relations, those companies and (6)_______________employing well-trained
non-native speakers for their international business (7)_______________needs will obviously see
the advantage of hiring non-native speakers of the English languages with multilingual talents.
The future is in your hands and the future demands a firm (8)_______________of the English
language.
If you don’t find what you’re looking for on this page just enter your term in the rectangular box
above labeled - Search the Web: which is at the top right hand comer of each window. You may
be surprised at the number of (9)_______________ responses you’ll receive, and I’ll bet before
long you’ll find exactly what you’re looking for, all in the comfort and privacy of your own home.
So - sit back, put your feet up, and take all the time you want until you find the perfect
(10)_______________ you’ll want to work with while learning the English language.

VII. Read the text carefully, then decide whether the following statements are True/False

LEARNING ENGLISH
It is not easy for adult students of English to improve their accent. Unlike children, who are
flexible, adults often find it hard to change the way they speak. This is why even the top, or
smartest adult students have difficulty with pronunciation. There are several things that an
international student can do to improve his or her pronunciation.
One method is to sign up for a pronunciation class. Studying pronunciation can help students to
understand the rules of English, but in order to practice speaking, students often need to be
exposed to English outside the classroom as well. This is why many students say that studying in
an English-speaking country greatly affects their English. Living with native speakers can help
students to learn new vocabulary as well as improve their accents. International students can
also learn important cultural information. This can help to prevent misunderstandings that can
occur when people from different cultures live together.
1. Adult students of English cannot improve their accents because they are
slow to change.
2. Most young students are able to change their pronunciation easily.
3. Attending a pronunciation class can be very helpful to adult learners who
have problems with their pronunciation.
4. All that they need to improve their pronunciation is to practice more outside
the classroom.
5. To avoid misunderstandings about cultures, students should live with native
speakers.