BDwbU exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ

6 (Algebraic Ratio and Proportion)

f~wgKv
Avgiv cÖwZwbqZB ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi bvbv mgm¨v mgvav‡b AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi aviYv e¨envi K‡i _vwK| wbg©vY
mvgMÖx I Lv`¨ mvgMÖx ˆZwi‡Z, †fvM¨cY¨ Drcv`‡b, †Kvb wKQzi AvKvi AvqZb `„wó b›`b Ki‡Z Ges AviI bvbvwea
Kv‡R Abycv‡Zi aviYv e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G Qvov MwY‡Zi bvbv mgm¨v mgvav‡b AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi aviYv
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi aviYv ¯úó _vKv Riæix| eZ©gvb BDwb‡U exRMwYZxq AbycvZ
I mgvbycvZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨
GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb-
 exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi wewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 mgvbycvZ msµvšÍ wewfbœ iƒcvšÍi wewa cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ msµvšÍ mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡ev©”P mgq 10 w`b

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 1: AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi aviYv I cÖ‡qvM
cvV 2: msL¨vi Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi
cvV 3: avivevwnK AbycvZ I mgvbycvwZK fvM
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 1 AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi aviYv I cÖ‡qvM

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 µwgK mgvbycvwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã AbycvZ, mgvbycvZ, µwgK mgvbycvwZK

g~jcvV-
AbycvZ (Ratio)
GKB RvZxq Ges GKB GK‡K cÖKvwkZ `yBwU ivwki cwigv‡Yi GKwU AciwUi KZ ¸Y ev KZ Ask Zv GKwU
fMœvsk Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GB fMœvsk‡K ivwk `yBwUi AbycvZ e‡j|
50 5
†hgb: gvZvi eqm 50 eQi Ges cy‡Îi eqm 20 eQi| `yB R‡bi eq‡mi AbycvZ 50 t 20, ev , ev |
20 2
Abycv‡Zi 1g ivwk‡K c~e© ivwk Ges wØZxq ivwk‡K DËi ivwk ejv nq| AbycvZ †evSv‡Z t wPý e¨envi Kiv nq|
mgvbycvZ (Proportion)
hw` PviwU ivwk Giƒc nq †h, 1g I 2q ivwki AbycvZ, 3q I 4_© ivwki Abycv‡Zi mgvb nq, Z‡e H PviwU ivwk
wb‡q mgvbycvZ MwVZ nq| †hgb : a t b  c t d
mgvbycv‡Zi 1g I 4_© ivwk‡K cÖvšÍxq ivwk Ges wØZxq I Z…Zxq ivwk‡K ga¨ ivwk ejv nq|
x
`yBwU abvZ¥K msL¨v x Ges y Gi AbycvZ x t y , hv Gi mgvb|
y
x kx
x t y  , †hLv‡b k GKwU abvZ¡K msL¨v|
y ky
kZKivI GKwU AbycvZ, hvi DËi ivwk 100 , myZivs AbycvZ‡K kZKivq cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j, DËi ivwk‡K 100
†Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z nq|
D`vniY 1: 3 t 4 AbycvZ †K kZKivq cÖKvk Kiæb|
3 3  25 75 1
mgvavb: 3 t 4     75   75%
4 4  25 100 100

wkÿv_x©i 3 t 5, 5 t 8, 2 t 4 AbycvZ¸‡jv‡K kZKivq cÖKvk Kiæb|

KvR
D`vniY 2: x t y  3 t 4 n‡j 2 x t 3 y  KZ ?
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, x t y  3 t 4

c„ôv 114 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

x 3
ev, 
y 4
x 2 3 2
ev,   
y 3 4 3
2x 1
ev, 
3y 2
 2x t 3 y  1 t 2
D`vniY 3: 1.2 t 3.2 †K 1 t a AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiæb|
1.2 12
mgvavb: 1.2 t 3.2  
3.2 32
3 1 1
    1 t 2.67
8 8 2.67
3
`yBwU wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj؇qi AbycvZ

h k

a a
1g wPÎ 2q wPÎ
Dc‡ii wP‡Î, wÎfyR؇qi D”PZv h I k Ges Dfq wÎfy‡Ri f~wg a | g‡b Kiæb, 1g wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj A Ges 2q
wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj D eM© GKK|
Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi,
1
ah
A 2 h
 
D 1
ak k
2
ev, A t D  h t k
A_©vr wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj؇qi AbycvZ, D”PZv؇qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb|
µwgK mgvbycvwZK (Ordered proportional)
a t b  b t c n‡j µwgK mgvbycvwZ eySvq| a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvwZ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` ac  b 2 nq|

D`vniY 4: `yBwU eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a Ges b wgUvi, n‡j Zv‡`i AbycvZ KZ?
mgvavb: aiæb, a evû wewkó eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj A eM© wgUvi
Ges b ,, ,, ,, ,, B eM© wgUvi
A a2
  2  a 2 t b2 |
B b

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 115

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

wkÿv_x©i 1. x t y  4 t 5 n‡j 2 x t 3 y  KZ?

KvR 2. 3.5 t 5.6 †K 1 t a Ges b t 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiæb|

D`vniY 5: `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 t 4 Ges [Link].¸. 144 | msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q msL¨v؇qi AbycvZ 3 t 4
g‡b Kiæb, GKwU msL¨v 3 x Ges Aci msL¨v 4 x , GLv‡b Abycv‡Zi mgvavb ivwk x aiv n‡q‡Q|
msL¨v `yBwUi [Link].¸.  3  4  x  12 x
cÖkœg‡Z, 12 x  144
144
x   12
12
AZGe, msL¨v `yBwUi GKwU 3 x  3  12  36 Ges AciwU 4 x  4  12  48
 wb‡Y©q msL¨v `ywU 36 Ges 48
a a2  b2
D`vniY 6: hw` a t b  b t c nq , Z‡e cÖgvY Kiæb †h,  .
c b2  c2
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q , a t b  b t c
a b
ev, 
b c
ev, b 2  ac
a
evgc¶ 
c
a 2  b 2 a 2  ac aa  c  a
Wvbc¶  2 2   
b c ac  c 2 ca  c  c
 evgc¶  Wvbc¶ (cÖgvwYZ) |

mvims‡ÿc-
 GKB RvZxq Ges GKB GK‡K cÖKvwkZ `yBwU ivwki cwigv‡Yi GKwU AciwUi KZ ¸Y ev KZ Ask Zv
GKwU fMœvsk Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GB fMœvsk‡K ivwk `yBwUi AbycvZ e‡j|
 Abycv‡Zi 1g ivwk‡K c~e© ivwk Ges wØZxq ivwk‡K DËi ivwk ejv nq|
 AbycvZ †evSv‡Z t wPý e¨envi Kiv nq|
 hw` PviwU ivwk Giƒc nq †h, 1g I 2q ivwki AbycvZ, 3q I 4_© ivwki Abycv‡Zi mgvb nq, Z‡e H
PviwU ivwk wb‡q mgvbycvZ MwVZ nq| †hgb : a t b  c t d
 mgvbycv‡Zi 1g I 4_© ivwk‡K cÖvšÍxq ivwk Ges wØZxq I Z…Zxq ivwk‡K ga¨ ivwk ejv nq|
 AbycvZ‡K kZKivq cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j, DËi ivwk‡K 100 †Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z nq|
 a t b  b t c n‡j µwgK mgvbycvwZ eySvq| a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvwZ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` ac  b 2
nq|

c„ôv 116 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 6.1-

1. Abycv‡Zi aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2. PviwU ivwk mgvbycvwZ nIqvi kZ© e¨vL¨v e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. µwgK mgvbycvwZ nIqvi kZ© Kx ?
4. `yBwU wÎfy‡Ri f~wgi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a wgUvi I b wgUvi Ges D”PZv h wgUvi| wÎfyR؇qi †¶Îd‡ji
AbycvZ wbY©q Kiæb|
5. GK e¨w³ gv‡m p UvKv Avq K‡ib Ges q UvKv e¨q K‡ib| Aci GK e¨w³ gv‡m r UvKv Avq K‡ib Ges s
UvKv e¨q K‡ib| †KnB Av‡qi †ekx e¨q K‡ib bv| `yB e¨w³i Avq Abyhvqx e¨‡qi AbycvZ wbY©q Kiæb|

cvV 2 msL¨vi Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 msL¨vi Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 mgvbycvZ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ iƒcvšÍi wewa cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã e¨¯ÍKiY, GKvšÍiKiY, †hvRb, we‡qvRb, †hvRb-we‡qvRb

g~jcvV-
Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi wewa (Transformation of Ratio)
1| e¨¯ÍKiY ( Invertendo )
a t b  c t d n‡j b t a  d t c
cÖgvY: †`Iqv Av‡Q, a t b  c t d
a c
ev, 
b d
ev, ad  bc
ad bc
ev,  [ Dfq c¶‡K ac Øiv fvM K‡i ]
ac ac
d b
ev, 
c a
b d
ev, 
a c
A_©vr b t a  d t c

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 117

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

2| GKvšÍiKiY (Alternendo)
a t b  c t d n‡j a t c  b t d
cÖgvY: †`Iqv Av‡Q , a t b  c t d
a c
ev, 
b d
ev, ad  bc
ad bc
ev,  [ Dfq c¶‡K cd Øviv fvM K‡i ]
cd cd
a b
ev, 
c d
A_©vr a t c  b t d

3| †hvRb Componendo 
ab cd
a t b  c t d n‡j 
b d
cÖgvY: †`Iqv Av‡Q, a t b  c t d
a c
ev, 
b d
a c
ev,  1   1
b d
ab cd
A_©vr 
b d

4| we‡qvRb Dividendo 
ab cd
a t b  c t d n‡j 
b d
cÖgvY: †`Iqv Av‡Q , a t b  c t d
a c
ev, 
b d
a c
ev,  1   1
b d
ab cd
A_©vr 
b d

5| †hvRb-we‡qvRb Componendo  Dividendo 

ab cd
a t b  c t d n‡j  a  b, c  d 
ab cd
cÖgvY: a t b  c t d n‡j we‡qvRb K‡i cvIqv hvq,
ab cd

b d
b d
myZivs  ....... i  (e¨¯ÍKiY wewai mvnv‡h¨)
a b c d

c„ôv 118 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

Avevi , a t b  c t d n‡j †hvRb K‡i cvIqv hvq,

ab cd
 .............. ii 
b d
i  I ii  bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq,
ab b cd d
.  .
b a b d cd
ab cd
ev, 
ab cd
a c e g ace g
6|    n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbycvZ 
b d f h bd  f h
a c e g
cÖgvY: g‡b Kiæb,    k
b d f h
 a  bk , c  dk , e  fk , g  hk

ace g bk  dk  fk  hk
GLb, 
bd  f h bd  f h
k b  d  f  h 

b  d  f  h 
k
a c e g ace f
    k  .
b d f h bd  f h

1 1 x 1
D`vniY 1: mgvavb Kiæb, 
1 1 x 3
1 1 x 1
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, 
1 1 x 3
1 1 x 1 1 x 1 3
ev,  [ †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
1 1  x 1 1  x 1 3
2 4
ev, 
 2 1 x  2
1
ev, 2
1 x
1
ev, 1  x  [ e¨¯ÍKiY K‡i]
2
2
1
ev,  1 x 2
  [Dfq c¶‡K eM© K‡i ]
2
1
ev, 1  x 
4

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 119

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

1 1 4  3
ev,  x   1  
4 4 4
3
x 
4
3
wb‡Y©q mgvavb , x
4
a b c
D`vniY 2:  
b c d
 
n‡j cÖgvY Kiæb, a 2  b 2  c 2 b 2  c 2  d 2  ab  bc  cd 2 
a b c
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb,    k
b c d
ev , a  bk , b  ck , c  dk
GLb, a  bk  ck .k  ck 2  dk .k 2  dk 3
Abyiƒcfv‡e, b  ck  dk .k  dk 2
Ges c  dk
evgc¶  a  b  c 2  b 2  c 2  d 2 
2 2

   
2 2 2
 dk 3  dk 2  dk  dk 2  dk   d 2   2 2
  [ a  dk 3 , b  dk 2 , Ges c  dk ]
 d 2 k 6  d 2k 4  d 2k 2  d 2k 4  d 2k 2  d 2 
   
 d 2k 2 k 4  k 2  1 . d 2 k 4  k 2  1  d 4k 2 k 4  k 2  1  
2

Wvbc¶  ab  bc  cd 2

 dk 3 . dk 2  dk 2 . dk  dk .d 2

 d      
2 2 2 2
k 5  d 2 k 3  d 2k  d 2 k k 4  k 2  1  d 4k 2 k 4  k 2  1
 evgc¶  Wvbc¶ (cÖgvwYZ) |

p a2 a aq pq pq

D`vniY 3: hw`  2 Ges  nq, Z‡e †`Lvb †h, 
q b b aq q a
a aq
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, 
b aq
a2 aq
ev, 2
 [ Dfq c¶‡K eM© K‡i ]
b aq
p aq a2 p
ev,  [ 2  ]
q aq b q
pq aqaq
ev,  [ †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i ]
pq aqaq
p  q 2a
ev, 
p  q 2q
pq a
ev, 
pq q

c„ôv 120 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

pq pq
ev,  [ GKvšÍi K‡i]
a q
pq pq
myZivs, 
q a
x y z
D`vniY 4:   n‡j cÖgvY Kiæb, x  y  z  0
2a  b  c 2b  c  a 2c  a  b
x y z
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb,   k
2a  b  c 2b  c  a 2c  a  b
x y z
 k,  k, k
2a  b  c 2b  c  a 2c  a  b
 x  k 2a  b  c , y  k 2b  c  a , z  k 2c  a  b ,
GLb, x  y  z  k 2a  b  c   k 2b  c  a   k 2c  a  b 
 k 2a  b  c  2b  c  a  2c  a  b 
 k 2a  2a  2b  2b  2c  2c   k  0  0

mvims‡ÿc-
 e¨¯ÍKiY (Invertendo): a t b  c t d n‡j b t a  d t c
 GKvšÍiKiY (Alternendo): a t b  c t d n‡j a t c  b t d
ab cd
 †hvRb (Componendo): a t b  c t d n‡j 
b d
ab cd
 we‡qvRb (Dividendo): a t b  c t d n‡j 
b d
 †hvRb-we‡qvRb (Componendo – Dividendo): a t b  c t d n‡j
ab cd
 a  b, c  d 
ab cd

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 6.2-

4 b
1. b aYvZ¡K msL¨v Ges  n‡j, b Gi gvb KZ?
b 9
ab cd
2.  n‡j cÖgvY Kiæb a t b  c t d
b d
a c
3.  n‡j cÖgvY Kiæb
b d
a 2  ab  b 2 c 2  cd  d 2 ma 2  nc 2 a 2
(i) 2  (ii) 
a  ab  b 2 c 2  cd  d 2 mb 2  nd 2 b 2
a 2  b 2 ac  bd c 2  d 2
(iii) 2  
a  b 2 ac  bd c 2  d 2

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 121

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

a b
4.  n‡j , cÖgvY Kiæb
b c

(i)
a  b  c 2 
abc
(ii)
a  b 2 
a 2  ab  b 2
a 2
 b2  c 2  a b c b  c 2 b 2  bc  c 2
a b c
5.   n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb
b c d
a 3  b3  c 3 a a 3  b3 b3  c 3
(i) 3  (ii) 3 
b  c3  d 3 d b  c3 c3  d 3
x y z a b c
6.   n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb  
bc ca ab yzx z x y x yz
x y z
7.   n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb x  y  z  0
bc ca ab
1 1 1
8. a , b , c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb a 2 b 2 c 2  3  3  3   a 3  b 3  c 3
a b c 
x y z 3 x yz
9.    n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
a b c 2 abc
x y z
10.   n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb
a b c
x3 y 3 z 3 x  y  z 
3
x 3  3 xy 2 a 3  3ab 2
(i)  (ii)   
3 x 2 y  y 3 3a 2b  b 3 a 2 b 2 c 2 a  b  c 2
11. wÎf‡Ri evû¸‡jv a , b , c hv µwgK mgvbycvwZ
a 2  b 2 ab  bc
(i) †`Lvb †h, 2 2  (ii) †`Lvb †h, a  2b  c 
a  b   b  c 
2 2

a  b ab  bc a c
1 1 1
(iii) cÖgvY Kiæb †h, a 2 b 2 c 2  3  3  3   a 3  b 3  c 3
a b c 

c„ôv 122 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

cvV 3 avivevwnK AbycvZ I mgvbycvwZK fvM

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 avivevwnK AbycvZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b avivevwnK AbycvZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
 mgvbycvwZK fvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã avivevwnK AbycvZ, mgvbycvwZK fvM

g~jcvV-
avivevwnK AbycvZ (Successive Ratio)
g‡b Kiæb, K Gi Avq 1000 UvKv, L Gi Avq 1500 UvKv Ges M Gi Avq 3500 UvKv|
GLv‡b K Gi Avq t L Gi Avq 1000 t 1500  2 t 3
L Gi Avq t M Gi Avq 1500 t 3500  3 t 7
 K Gi Avq t L Gi Avq t M Gi Avq  2 t 3 t 7
`yBwU AbycvZ hw` K t L Ges L t M AvKv‡ii nq, Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K K t L t M AvKv‡i †jLv hvq| G‡K avivevwnK
AbycvZ ejv nq|
Dc‡ii D`vni‡Y avivevwnK AbycvZ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h †Kvb `yBwU ev Z‡ZvwaK AbycvZ‡K GB AvKv‡i cÖKvk
Kiv hvq|
GLv‡b j¶Yxq †h, `yBwU AbycvZ K t L Ges L t M †K, K t L t M AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j 1g AbycvZwUi DËi
ivwk 2q Abycv‡Zi c~e© ivwki mgvb n‡Z nq|
†hgb t 2 t 3 Ges 5 t 7 AbycvZ `yBwU K t L t M AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j 1g Abycv‡Zi DËi ivwk wØZxq
Abycv‡Zi c~e© ivwki mgvb Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr H `yBwU ivwk‡K Zv‡`i [Link].¸ Gi mgvb n‡Z n‡e|
GLb,
2 2  5 10
2t3   10 t 15
3 3  5 15
5 5  3 15
5t7     15 t 21
7 7  3 21
AZGe 2 t 3 Ges 5 t 7 AbycvZ `yBwU K t L t M AvKv‡i n‡e 10 t 15 t 21
D`vniY 1: K, L, M GK RvZxq ivwk Ges K t L  2 t 5 , L t M  3 t 7 n‡j K t L t M  KZ?
mgvavb: K t L  2 t 5 Avevi, L t M  3 t 7
K 2 L 3
ev,  ev, 
L 5 M 7
K 2 3 6 L 3  5 15
ev,   ev,  
L 5  3 15 M 7  5 35
 K t L  6 t 15  L t M  15 t 35
 K t L t M  6 t 15 t 35

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 123

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

D`vniY 2: GKwU wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi AbycvZ 2 t 3 t 4 | †KvY wZbwU‡K wWwMÖ‡Z cÖKvk Kiæb|
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180o
g‡b Kiæb, †KvY wZbwUi cwigvY 2 x , 3 x , Ges 4 x
cÖkœg‡Z, 2 x  3 x  4 x  180 o
ev, 9 x  180o
180o
x   20o
9
†KvY wZbwU n‡jv
2 x  2  20 o  40o
3 x  3  20o  60o
4 x  4  20 o  80 o

wkÿv_x©i K t L  2 t 5 , L t M  3 t 5 n‡j, K t Lt M  KZ?

KvR
mgvbycvwZK fvM (Proportional Division)
†Kvb ivwk‡K wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z fvM Kiv-†K mgvbycvwZK fvM ejv nq|
S †K a t b t c t d Abycv‡Z fvM Ki‡Z n‡j, cÖ_‡g S †K a  b  c  d  Øviv fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
S
A_©vr Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici a , b , c , d cwigv‡Y fvM K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
abcd
a Sa
1g Ask  S Gi 
abcd abcd
b Sb
2q ,,  S Gi 
abcd abcd
c Sc
3q ,,  S Gi 
abcd abcd
d Sd
4_© ,,  S Gi 
abcd abcd
Gfv‡e †h †Kvb ivwk‡K †h †Kvb Abycv‡Z fvM Kiv hvq|
D`vniY 3: wZb e¨w³i g‡a¨ 4500 UvKv Giƒc fv‡e fvM K‡i w`b †hb 1g e¨w³i Ask t 2q e¨w³i Ask t 3q
e¨w³i Ask  2 t 5 t 8 nq |
mgvavb: Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj  2  5  8  15
300
2
1g e¨w³i Ask  4500 UvKv Gi  300  2 UvKv  600 UvKv
15
5
2q e¨w³i Ask  4500 UvKv Gi  300  5 UvKv  1500 UvKv
15
8
3q e¨w³i Ask  4500 UvKv Gi  300  8 UvKv  2400 UvKv
15
 wZb e¨w³ h_vµ‡g 600 UvKv, 1500 UvKv Ges 2400 UvKv cv‡e|

c„ôv 124 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq

MwYZ BDwbU Qq

3 4 6
D`vniY 4: 1011 UvKv‡K t t Abycv‡Z wef³ Kiæb|
4 5 7
3 4 6
mgvavb: GLv‡b , t t
4 5 7
3  140 4  140 6  140
 t t [ 4 , 5 Ges 7 Gi [Link].¸ 140 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
4 5 7
 3  35 t 4  28 t 6  20
 105 t 112 t 120
Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj  105  112  120  337
105
1g Ask = 1011 UvKv Gi  3 105 UvKv  315 UvKv
337
112
2q Ask = 1011 UvKv Gi  3 112 UvKv  336 UvKv
337
120
3q Ask = 1011 UvKv Gi  3 120 UvKv  360 UvKv
337
 wb‡Y©q UvKvi Ask 315 UvKv, 336 UvKv Ges 360 UvKv|

wkÿv_x©i K, L I M Gi †eZ‡bi AbycvZ p t q t r | K, M A‡c¶v m UvKv †ekx †c‡j Kvi

KvR †eZb KZ? p  7 , q  5 , r  3 Ges m  222 n‡j Kvi †eZb KZ?

mvims‡ÿc-
 `yBwU AbycvZ hw` K t L Ges L t M AvKv‡ii nq, Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K K t L t M AvKv‡i †jLv hvq| G‡K
avivevwnK AbycvZ ejv nq|
 `yBwU AbycvZ K t L Ges L t M †K, K t L t M AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j 1g AbycvZwUi DËi ivwk 2q
Abycv‡Zi c~e© ivwki mgvb n‡Z nq|
 †Kvb ivwk‡K wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z fvM Kiv-†K mgvbycvwZK fvM ejv nq|

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ c„ôv 125

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 6.3-

1. Avcbvi †kªwY‡Z 35 Rb QvÎ I 25 Rb QvÎx Av‡Q| eb‡fvR‡b wLPzix LvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K QvÎ I QvÎxi cÖ`Ë
Pvj I Wv‡ji AbycvZ h_vµ‡g 3 t 1 Ges 5 t 2 n‡j, †gvU Pvj I Wv‡ji AbycvZ wbY©q Kiæb|
2. K, L, M I N Gi g‡a¨ 300 UvKv Ggbfv‡e fvM Kiæb †hb, K Gi Ask t L Gi Ask  2 t 3 , L Gi Ask t
M Gi Ask 1 t 2 Ges M Gi Ask t N-Gi Ask  3 t 2 nq|
p q r
3. m UvKv‡K t t Abycv‡Z wef³ Kiæb| m  572 , p  3 , q  4 , r  5 , s  6 n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K
q r s
fv‡M UvKvi cwigvY KZ?
4. wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180 |
(K) wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi AbycvZ 5 t 3 t 2 n‡j, †KvY wZbwU KZ wbY©q Kiæb|
1 1 1
(L) hw` wÎfy‡Ri †KvY wZbwUi AbycvZ t t nq, Z‡e ¶z`ªZg †KvY Ges e„nËg †Kv‡Yi cwigvY
3 4 6
wbY©q Kiæb|
(M) wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv 60 †[Link]. Ges evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©¨i AbycvZ 5 t 12 t 13 n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©©¨
wbY©q Kiæb|

c„ôv 126 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq