Science Study pack
The roots absorb water and minerals from the
soil and hold the plant into the ground
The leaves collect energy from the Sun and
make food for the plant by a process called
photosynthesis.
The stem supports the plant above ground, and
transports the water and minerals to the leaves.
The leaves are responsible for photosynthesis, the cells in
leaves contain an organlle called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts
contain a chemical called chlorophyll.
Chemical equation for photosynthesis:
reactants
products
Stomata are tiny holes
on the underside of
leaves.
The stomata are
responsible for many
things, but mainly gas
exchange and releasing
water that has moved up
through transpiration
The movement of water through a
plant is called transpiration.
Water enters through the roots by
a process called osmosis.
It then travels up the plant
through the xylem vessel. A plant
has two vessels; the second
vessel is the phloem, which
transports water and glucose in
two directions.
Transpiration is made possible because water has
two properties: cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion Adhesion
means that means that
water water molecules
molecules stick to other
stick to one surfaces, such
another. as vessel walls.
Movement Walking, flying, swimming, jumping, etc.
Reproduction Making more of themselves.
Sensitivity Affected by their surroundings/ environment.
Growth Getting bigger from birth.
Taking substances from the environment for
Respiration
energy & growth.
Excretion Removing waste.
Nutrition Taking in nutrients.
Root hair cell Ciliated Cell Red Blood Cell
Sperm cell Ovum(Egg cell) Nerve cell
Root hair Cell Absorbs water and minerals for the plant.
Ciliated Cell Filters air by trapping dust.
Red Blood Cell Carries oxygen rich blood around the body.
Sperm Cell Carries the fathers DNA.
Ovum(Egg) Cell Carries the mothers DNA.
Nerve Cell Carries signals to the brain.
Viruses
Usually have spike-like organelles used to attach
themselves to cells. They do this because they
can only reproduce inside other cells.
Bacteria
Come in three main shapes: spiral, rod-like, and
spherical. Most bacteria are not harmful
(pathogens), and some help keep us healthy.
Ecology is the study of the relationship between organisms and their
habitat or ecosystem (the area that they live in).
Ecologists are the scientists that
study this relationship between
animals, plants, fungi etc., and
their ecosystem.
Ecologists study natural changes
over time in an ecosystem.
Ecologists sample populations to monitor their changes over time.
When variables like food, space, and water increase, birth rates
often rise. Conversely, if these variables decrease, death rates tend
to increase.
There are different techniques
used to take samples.
The three main techniques are:
Quadrats
Capture-mark-recapture
Nets & traps
Review
23. Draw a plant cell and label all 7 organelles:
Cell wall
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Permanent
Cytoplasm vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cell Wall - the protective outer layer of a plant cell. It gives the cell
strength, shape and structure.
Permanent Vacuole - a bag that stores waste and gives colour to
the cells.
Chloroplasts - contain a green pigment (colour) called Chlorophyll
and are found in leaf cells. They perform photosynthesis - take in
carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
Cytoplasm - contains organelles. Organelles do particular
jobs.
Nucleus - the control centre and stores the DNA.
Cell Membrane - surrounds the cell and holds the cell
together and acts as a gatekeeper. (It controls what can enter
and leave.)
Mitochondria - This is where cellular respiration takes place.
They take glucose, break it down, and create energy.
WEEKLY REMINDER