Nitesh et al.
, International Journal
of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software
Engineering 6(3),
March - 2016, pp. 320-324
© 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights
Reserved
Page | 322
III. EVOLUTION OF 4G
History:-
After the implementation of 3G to
overcome flaws in it a new
technology was developed known
as 4G. 4G(Fourth
Generation) is the fourth
generation of cellular wireless
standards. 4G came up with many
add-on features than compare
to other generations. It is not only
restricted to mobile communication
other broad band wireless
communications also
use 4G.4G provides a good quality
of sound to high definition of video
to high data rates of wireless
communication
channel. 4G is known as MAGIC
(Mobile multimedia, anytime
anywhere, Global mobility support,
integrated wireless
solution, and customized personal
service) in short form of its uses .
4G at first was launched by
Teliasonera operator in
late 2009 in the city of
Stockholm and Oslo. After a year
it was launched in Finland. With
4G (fourth generation)
technology the users mobile
communication broadband speed
up to ten times higher than of 3G.
4G technology is
mainly based on the LTE
technology (Long Time Evolution),
an international standard and a
complete IP based oriented
technology for data transmission in
wireless communication.
Requirement of 4G:-
At first after the development of 4G
it was only used for military
applications and for scientific
communication. But later
the need of wireless
communication for a common
person in terms of speed and
data rates increased this lead to
the
implementation of 4g to all other
wireless communication devices.
As the internet revolutionized the
world the net of
internet on mobile became a main
challenge in wireless
communication. The development
of technology from 1G to 2G
improved qualities of voice
communication and 2g to 3G was
upgraded by the need to allow
voice and data
communication through the
wireless device. Where 4G
implementation had lead to a high
quality of voice
communication and high data
transmission in other needs.
Technology of 4G:-
The Technology used in the 4G
network is Long Term Evolution
(LTE) Standard is mainly based on
the GSM/EDGE
and UMTS/HSPA, Multiple In
Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency
Digital Multiplexing
(OFDM). This mainly runs on the
technique of time division
MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple
Output) Introduction:- In the year
1988 Bell Laboratories were the
first in world to
demonstrate the MIMO system
under the laboratory conditions. In
the very next year 1999 Gigabit
wireless Inc. and
Stanford University collaborating
and developed a new technique of
using MIMO and demonstrated the
transmission
technique of MIMO they brought
up. In MIMO basically at the
transmitting and receiving end
multiple antennas are used
it is an antenna technology
application. The antennas at the
end of each communications
circuit are combined together to
minimize errors and optimize data
speed.
It is of two types 1) spatial
multiplexing 2) spatial diversity
1) Spatial Multiplexing:- This form
of MIMO help to produce additional
Data Capacity by using different
paths to
carry additional traffic which lead
to increase of data throughout the
capability
2) Spatial Diversity:- It is often
refer to transmitting and receiving
diversity.
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing:- OFDM has its
notable advantages over other
widely used wireless
access techniques of other
generation of mobile
communications , such as
Time-Division Multiple Access
(TDMA),
Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA) and Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA). The
concept of OFDM is
that the radio channel is divided
into many number of narrow band,
low-rate and frequency-non
selective sub channels or
subcarriers, so that multiple
amount of signals can be
transmitted in parallel, while
maintaining a high spectral
efficiency
at the same time. Each subcarrier
delivers the information of the user
which result in simple multiple
access known as
Orthogonal Frequency-Division
Multiple Access (OFDMA). This
helps different media such as
video, graphics, speech,
text or other data to be
transmitted within the same radio
link, depending on the specific
types of services and their
Quality-of-Service (QoS)
requirements. Besides, in OFDM
frameworks distinctive modulation
schemes can be utilized
for various subcarriers. For
instance, the user near the Base
Station (BS) might have a
moderately decent channel quality,
in this way they can utilize
high-arrange adjustment plans to
build their information rates. By
difference, for those user
that are a long way from the BS or
are overhauled in profoundly
stacked urban territories, where
the subcarriers' quality
is relied upon to be poor,
low-arrange adjustment plans can
be summoned. OFDM utilizes IFFT
as a part of transmitter
and FFT in receiver.
MIMO-OFDM:- As the OFDM
support the concept of more
antennas and large band widths
for transmission MIMO
logic can be mixed up with the
OFDM concept to produce greater
speeds. By adopting the
MIMO-OFDM concept in
wireless devices we can achieve
the speed rate of several
hundreds of MBits/s. As the
MIMO-OFDM is a way of
communication which involves
parallel transmission in space
and frequency domains this help
in achieving greater
transmission rate than other
technologies.
MIMO OFDM is based on Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT/IFFT)
algorithm and MIMO encoding
system. It can be adopted
in various wireless transmission
systems such as WIMAX, LTE
LTE(Long Term Evolution)
It is a 4G wireless broadband
technology developed by the Third
Generation Partnership project
(3GPP) . LTE provides
the highest data rates ever in
communication with 100Mbps
download stream and 50-30Mbps
of upstream. LTE is
mainly based on the TCP/IP model
based. It deals with every type of
data voice, video, and messaging
traffic. LTE uses
the MIMO-OFDM technology for
the transmission