Peessune
Qsmos is ond Dsmobe
semipervmiabe menbrane i's placeg
Tf a solubon the solven
befoeen the Solrent and membrrone
through the
molecule wil) floo to, the solybon. This
solvent
trrorn pue caled Osmosis
proces s 's side
from
solvept a semijperneg6le
flcus the
X The side across if sorne extra
to soluhon be stoppeg solyhoD
membrcane Can the the flos af
ppliad oostops
prcessue cs that jwt
prcessrre Qsmo presure af the.
T%is calle
Solvent
çoluhon.
fos from
molecule to bigser concentrabap
alwys
The solvent
x lowere ccncotrabon
of solybon. soluhon
press cure that mewt be
Osrnoha
The extes
prtess ure
to preyent
a
soluhon
appliee to
0srm0sis. Patmt IT Patm
SPM
Soluho) Golrent
equa to the
The exeesS prcessuTe
must be appeg on he
Osrnohe prresste
solybo) side to prrevent OSmosis.
(1)
Osmobc prressure cs a
depends oD
coligotie prceperty
Hhe numbeonby
becaye t thesht idenh hy.
Solute molecule and Dot
Port dilute soluh'oru cmohe presure (iT)
pruporehona (C/M)
to the molarikyyemp.´7'.
of the Solubon given
Thus, RT Dr MRT
TT=
Lohere
M Yolorei
R ’ Gas coostant
7’Tempercature.
TT = (a)RT
Laberu, colybon in tno
Vvolurne of
moles os
solele
, Do. Dt
PT
Ma
M
}Ma WaPT
oherce
y gany of solufe
Molar, m:
preon ob solfe
Ma in soleky
()
Tsotonic Soluhans!
Tioo solutbor, baving same asmoße
ane
pressute at a given tenperatune
caued csotonie solybony
Example: asocizleg wrth the
7he asmobc prresscune i's euuiralet
flwd toside the bloDd (eu
to that ob 0.9 %(M) sodicumasdchonde solyb
cauad Dormal saine soluon
safe to inject tbtraveouly.
Hyperctere solubor.
TBe hgperctont soluboy c's q sdubn
7he trahbn of solye
cen
that hay a highert con òs'de
than another sölybonort ioside ot a reu.
Example cey, cn q solubon
the
T6 cwe plare than o.9 %(m) ) cod'euy
containing morce o) floc oul ot the
chloide, ogterc ooud shonk.
(ells and they
Iypotoroie Soluhsorg'
a solubon
hypotone soluten is
ThekowtPoten soluley
a lowet concan traben b ort othor
(omparng to anofhet
cels or hisue.
Exarnple salt cDOCan trcghon is leythan
Tt the
wl o into the
coto
tell
cels place in this colybon and
cOoul d Swel.
they (3)
People taking tot ot calty bood
experjexo wate etepbonto Hlsue
tnter celrular sparey becawl
cey and puffray
osmosis . ohich reguling
D6
ort
Revertse Osmosis
The dicec hon
a pressure
ree.
is callee edema,
of aSmosis Can
larger
be
than
rteverseg it (s qoplieg to he
the osmobe prreuure floas oul
pre solvent
golubon side
Solybop thrrougb Sy 's calleg
ob the
ryerSe csmosi's
desalingbon oo Sea wgter
Pistd)
Prew TT
frresh-salt
(Reyecse 0smasis bceu when a preyue
than the asrnobc prayue
logeed
cpplieg to he solybn )
(4)
Van't Hoff factoc (i)
number of mole of panhele
Total dissodabon/assoi'ghon
affet betosp
Number ob of parbley
oly
disso cia hon/4ssDighon
Observe Coligahve preperhy
Calculaed oligahe propery
Nogmg| molar mau
Abnorunmal mola ma4
Dissociahon (i 1)
Ex-1 100o Nat(aqyt c (aq)
Nacl dssocaban?
Ex! 21(ag) t acd caq )
di ssociat Mg
(oa)
Ex
(a4)
(aa)
obs (p alt Cp
5)
of dissoiahon ()
Nat + U
Nacl
Doibal 1
Equii-
brju
4- d
Itd
9f o=I,
Mga Mgt
C
4-d
d (6D 4. dissn )
9f
’nA
An
îni
no
(-|= (n-1)
Associah'on)- <1)
ort H-brg
(CHgcocH o--i-H-0
(Carctoyle
Aidy
ben zne so)
bng
(Dimerisaby )
I= 11
Obs. cP< Cal op
Cp
Degree of A
6soghy
2
An
=)
of Van't Hoff facforc
Toclusion for coligable
modife, the
poperbey ay folloos!
of vapouc pree
1. Relatve loweng
of solent
P
P°
boiling poiot
[Link] Df
ATp =
fraaaing point
3. Depression of
AT =
Presswro of solyhon,
4 Osmobe
Abnrmal Molart mass
mgss of q subdone
The melar
thot is ehert
lourerc ore higbere
the erpecteg or norcmal value
than ab00rmel molart mauy.
s callag ey
(3)