PERCEPTION AND READINESS OF ELEMENTARY PUPILS ON THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF FACE-TO-FACE CLASSES

_____________________________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of College of Teacher Education
Western Mindanao State University – Imelda Studies Unit

______________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the Degree
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

by:

VIA H. ANGHAG
SHEENA BAYLON
JOANNE H. DUMAGCO
APRIL JOY L. GAMIL

November 2022
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the

problem, scope and delimitation and significance of the study.

Background of the Study

Schooling is one of the most affected aspects of human life due to

coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In a recent

correspondence published, the authors reminded every country of their

responsibility to come up with strategies to reopen schools safely (PJD

Sarmiento [Link]. 2021). Reopening school in early childhood education

also requires a lot of preparation from schools, children, and parents with

the fervent hope that its findings would be the basis for resolute actions by

policymakers, school heads, teachers, and parents in streamlining their

respective areas of concern during the total lockdown of all educational

institutions due to the malady brought by COVID-19 pandemic crisis on

both local and global scales.

According to Secretary Karl Kendrick T. Chua of Socioeconomic

planning, through the resumption of in-person classes in all of the

country’s more than 60,000 schools will generate about P12 billion per
week in additional economic activities as various businesses around

schools such
as canteens and food stalls, dorms, school supplies vendors, transport

operators, and others resume their business operations. There has been

about 85 million teachers and staff who will participate in the face-to-face

classes in the world ([Link].) and 28,035,04 students who

will participated in the Philippines (https//[Link]). With the

implementation of face-to-face classes, the Department of Education and

parents are facing the important decision of whether or not elementary

pupils are ready for resumption of face-to-face classes (Marshall, 2003).

One of the requirements is to ensure that the barangay where the

school is located has no new COVID-19 cases two months prior to

clearance application. Education Secretary Leonor Briones said that

students who want to participate in face-to-face classes are not required to

be vaccinated against COVID-19. “It is voluntary because the parents will

be the ones to decide on that. But, of course, we will encourage them,”

she said, adding that the DepEd has a similar policy with the Department

of Health regarding the needed consent from the parents on pediatric

vaccination. The school health protocols in conducting face-to-face

classes must be planned carefully following national and international

guidelines to ensure that students will be safe or at least mitigate the

effects of COVID-19. After all, students’ lives matter as education does to

them. That is the responsibility of every government to ensure its

fulfillment. As the public health crisis intensified, the traditional june

opening of classes was moved to august. this was seen by almost all

stakeholders as necessary to ensure the safety of students, teachers, and

other school personnel. in response, DEPED assured legislator in public

that the government was all set for the august start of classes. it insisted

that the teacher have been advised about innovative teaching strategies,

internet access is being improved, and modules are set for distribution

([Link] The lost of learning hasn't been fully quantified,

but in a joint report published in march with the UN educational scientific

and cultural organization and world Bank, UNICEF said school in the

Philippines had the longest closure - more than 70 weeks among the 122

countries covered by the report.

At a lunch event of early April, Annalyn Sevilla, secretary at the

department of education told the crowd: " The BIDA kids campaign aims to

guide our schools and our communities about the appropriate safety

protections in the ongoing expansion of our face-to-face classes". Said

Francisco T. Duque lll. The secretary of the Department of Health in the

Philippines." After over two (2) years of school building closures and online

classes, we are sparing no effort to ensure that the students are able to

safety return to school, and that schools are ready and fully equipped to

welcome them and serve indeed as safe haven. We can usher in a better

normal for our children.

 Based on the above given situation, the researchers deem it wise to

conduct a study in school for the perception and readiness of elementary

pupils on the implementation of face-to-face classes. The researchers

want to know the different perception and the readiness that the

elementary pupils prepare for the implementation of face-to-face classes

this school year 2022-2023.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of perception and level of

readiness of elementary pupils on the implementation of face-to-face

classes. Specifically, this study will answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of perception among elementary pupils on the

implementation of face-to-face classes?

2. What is the level of readiness of elementary pupils on the implementation

of face-to-face classes?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of perception and level

of readiness among elementary pupils on the implementation of face-to-

face classes?

4. Based on the results of the study, what are the implications to be drawn?
Scope and Delimitation of the Problem

This section presents the coverage of the research in terms of

location, time, respondents, and the potential weaknesses or problems

with the study identified by the researchers. This study is delimited to the

following:

Content: This study will focus on the perception and readiness of

elementary pupils on the implementation of face-to-face classes in the

Municipality of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay.

Place: This study will be conducted in San Jose, Balugo, and

Dumpok Elementary school at 1st District of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay.

Subject/Respondents: The respondents of the study will be

totaled thirty (30) elementary pupils of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay who

will be ten (10) pupils in every school which are San Jose, Balugo and

Dumpok Elementary School.

Time: This study will be conducted tentatively on September 2022.

 Research Method: This study will use a quantitative descriptive

correlational method of research. The researcher is primarily interested in

describing relationships among variables, without seeking to establish a

causal connection.

Significance of the Problem

The main purpose of the researchers is to examine the Perception

and Readiness of Elementary pupils on the Implementation of face-to-face

classes school year 2022-2023. This study is beneficial to the following

individuals and groups that are consider as the direct recipients of the

result of the study:

To the Elementary Pupils. They will be guided and aware through

the results or findings of the study. The elementary pupils will know how to

cope and deal with similar situation. The pupils will know how to overcome

and adjust the new implementation of face-to-face classes.

To the Teachers. They will lead the learners to be aware with this

study. And let the learners perceive and inform to be ready on the

implementation of face-to-face classes.

 To the School Principal. They will be guided through the results of

the researcher’s study about the perception and readiness of elementary

pupils on the implementation of face-to-face classes. The school head will

evaluate the teachers and parents to give guidance to the learners and

children regarding on the implementation of face-to-face classes. This

study, the school principal will know how to cope up the learning of the

pupils.

To the Future Researchers. This study will benefit the future

researchers who will plan to continue conducting and seeking additional

about perception and readiness of elementary pupils on the

Implementation of face-to-face classes. It also serves as a useful

reference for more related studies in the future.

 Chapter II

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents, discusses and analyzes the concepts,

theories, and principles that the researchers use as the background of the

study, and the studies that are seen to have important bearing on the

present investigation.

Related Literature

Definition of Perception

The implementation of face-to-face classes packed with enthusiasm

for both parents and or guardians and students alike. Elementary students

are at their tender age we facing the new set-up and to see how these

young minds perceived this matter and reached themselves, this study is

born.

Perception is psychological processes through the experience

gained by the five senses, individuals can process responses into positive

or negative perceptions. Obtaining responses is obtained through the

stages of selection, interpretation, and reaction (Erin, & Maharani, 2018).

While Otter (in Ghadirian, Ayub & Salehi (2017) described perception as a
 process of actions for acquiring information. That acquisition can stem

from the environments to which students are exposed. In addition,

Nugroho (in Saifuddin, 2020) stated that, perception is a process that

starts form the use of the five senses in receiving a stimulus, then it

organized and interpreted so that it has an understanding of what is

sensed. Fieldman (1999) stated that perception is a constructive process

by which we go beyond the stimuli that are presented to us and attempt to

construct a meaningful situation. Whereas Morgan (1987) stated that

perception refers to the way the work, sound, feel, tastes, or smell. In other

works, perception can be defined as whatever is experienced by a person.

Definition of Readiness

On the other hand, readiness is based on thoroughness of the

planning, adequacy and training of the personnel, and supply ang reserve

of support services or systems. Learning Readiness refer to how likely a

person is to seek out knowledge and participate in behavior change.

According to Edward Thorndike, one of the law of learning is Readiness,

which learning is dependent upon the learners readiness to act, which

facilitates the strengthening of the bond between stimulus and response.

Preparedness of person, system or organization to meet situation and

carry out a planned sequence of action.

 Implementation of Face-to-Face classes in Western Countries

Face-to-face classes is an instructional method where course

content and learning material are taught in person to a group of students.

This allows for a live interaction between a learner and an instructor. It is

the most traditional type of learning instruction. The UN, UNICEF, WHO

and UNESCO support the Philippine Government in welcoming children

back to schools as the country starts its pilot of limited and voluntary in-

person schooling in minimal-risk areas. The said initiative highlights that

school attendance is critical for children’s social development and

continued learning.

We commend the Department of Education (DepEd)’s leadership

that enabled the start of in-person classes and its coordination with

relevant agencies, including the Department of Health (DOH). We

acknowledge DepEd’s continuous efforts in ensuring learning continuity for

children not participating in the pilot as well as efforts of local government

units (LGUs), school staff, health workers, and parents to support the

delivery of quality education.

Implementation of Face-to-Face Classes in the Philippines

 DEPED, DOH ASSURE SAFE PILOT RUN OF FACE-TO-FACE

CLASSES. In line with the implementation of limited face-to-face classes

in select low-risk areas in the country, the Department of Education

(DepEd) and the Department of Health (DOH) have identified mechanisms

to ensure safety of participating learners, teaching and non-teaching staff,

and their families. The implementation will be done among a maximum of

120 schools across the country, prioritizing Key learners after passing the

School Readiness Assessment by DepEd and their local governments.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused transformed in composition of

interaction and activity in all aspects of human life, including the education

sector. Regarding education, the covid-19 pandemic has disheveled

student lives in many ways, which is a particular challenge to the learners.

Perception in face-to-face was higher than online learning in terms of

social presence, social interaction and satisfaction. Learner’s mental

health and well-being improve in this face-to-face implementation.

Learners begins to excite in gaining knowledge and learning and also to

determine how the level of student learning readiness in facing again

teachers and classmates on how learners are equipped.

Meanwhile, the DepEd (Department of Education) emphasize that

the modalities of face-to-face may differ depending on the various factor, it

because we have different situation at different places depending on the

LGU (Local Government Unit) and assessment of the DOH (Department of

Health).

Theoretical Framework

This theory will be anchored to the self-perception by Daryl Bem

(1972), and law of readiness by Edward Thorndike (1910). This theory is a

framework that analyze the perception and readiness of elementary pupils

on the implementation of face-to-face classes.

The self-perception theory is considered to be among the most

influential theories that explain how self-knowledge is gained. The theory

was developed by Daryl Bem (1972). The self-perception theory is

considered to be counterintuitive (Dico, 2018; Guadagno et al., 2010).

Conventionally, it is believed that personalities and attitudes drive

individuals' actions and behaviors, such is not the case with the concept of

self-perception (Ito, Chiao & Devine, 2006). The concept is based on the

assumption that people are what they do (Bem, 1967). It is based on the

argument that individuals interpret their actions the same way they

interpret others’ actions and every individual’s action is influenced by

social surroundings and not influenced by one’s free will (Bem, 1972).

According to Bem (1967), individuals’ attitudes are developed from

observing one’s own behavior and making a conclusion on what attitude

caused that behavior. The theory further assumes that individuals can

induce attitudes without retrieving their internal states (Guadagno et al.,

2010). People are believed to interpret their unconcealed behaviors in the

same manner they interpret others’ behavior. It´s worth noting that Bem is

a behaviorist. In his line of reasoning, self-perception needs self-

observation, and his main goal is “to account for observed relations

between current stimuli and responses in terms of an individual’s past

training history” (Bem, 1967, p. 197).

While, Thorndike’s Law of Readiness refers to a preparatory set on

the part of the organism to learn. It points out that one learns only when he

is physically and mentally ready for it. In other words, preparatory set on

the part of the organism is an important condition for learning. When the

organism is prepared to do some work, the act of doing is satisfying, and

not doing it is annoying. Conversely, when he does not want to work,

forcing him to work is dissatisfying. If students are not willing to learn,

forcing them to learn will cause dissatisfaction and annoyance. Many

children soon get disinterested in learning, because they are forced learn,

when they are not physically and mentally ready for it. Readiness theories

of learning lean heavily on the concept of maturation in stages of biological

and mental development. It is assumed that a child passes through all

stages of development in reaching maturity. The teacher finds out what a

child is ready for and then devises appropriate materials and methods.

The slowing spread of Covid-19 infections has brought changes in

the education sector. According to Education Assistant Secretary Malcolm

Garma “We are very optimistic that we can already transition to the new

normal phase starting 2022-2023”. The issue of implementing limited face

to face learning begins to excite students in gaining knowledge. Online

learning effects for approximately two years was relatively difficult to keep

students away from themselves. This study is to determine how the level

of perception and readiness of elementary pupils in facing offline learning

which is the implementation of face-to-face classes. This study is

quantitative research with a survey type.

 Conceptual Paradigm

The conceptual framework of the study (Figure 1) presents the

variables under the study which are the perception and readiness of the

elementary pupils on the implementation of face-to-face classes. In this

study, the dependent variable is the perception and readiness of the

elementary pupils. Meanwhile, the independent variable in this study is the

implementation of face-to-face classes.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Implementation of face- Perception and

to-face classes Readiness of the

Elementary Pupils
 Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Statement of Hypotheses

A hypothesis is a prediction of the possible outcomes of the study

(Frankel, 2009). The following will be the hypotheses of the study.

Ha: There is a significant relationship between the Perception and

Readiness of Elementary Pupils on the Implementation of face-to-face

classes.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the Perception and

Readiness of Elementary Pupils on the implementation of face-to-face

classes.

Operational Definition Terms

The following terms are to be use in this study and are operationally

define as follows:
 Implementation. In this study, it involves planning and putting things

in place.

Perception. In this study refers to the capacity, awareness and

feeling of pupils to something through senses.

Readiness. In this study this refers of being completely and totally

prepared in everything.

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methods used to collect the needed

data. It included the research design, research method, sample and

sampling method, data collection method, research instrument and

statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study entitles “Perception and Readiness of Elementary

Pupils on the Implementation of the Face-to-Face Classes”, will utilize a

quantitative research method, particularly, descriptive correlational

research design. The researchers are primarily interested in describing

relationships among variables, without seeking to establish a causal

connection.

The study will follow the framework which was stated in the

conceptualization of the problem, hypothesis and variables. Since the

study is a quantitative research, it will use a quantitative method. Aliaga

(2002) stated that quantitative research is an inquiry into social problem. It

explained the social problem by gathering data that can develop

knowledge about pupils’ perception and readiness regarding the

implementation of face-to-face classes after postponing it for two years.

Questionnaires that will be used in the collection of data

serves as a basis for drawing out necessary information and output to

determine the relationship about the perception and readiness of

elementary pupils on the implementation of the face-to-face classes.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in selected elementary schools in

Municipality of Imelda Zamboanga Sibugay province, which are the Balugo

Elementary school located at Balugo Imelda which is headed by Mr.

Cedric B. Ciaros, San Jose Elementary School located at San Jose,

Imelda headed by Dr. Lucena G. Balat, and Dumpoc Elementary School

located at Dumpoc Imelda headed by Mr. Jose Lumido. In which Balugo

Elementary School have 227 total number of enrollees, San Jose

Elementary School have 374 total number of enrollees and Dumpoc

Elementary School have 84 total number of enrollees who conducted full

face-to-face classes. These places were selected for knowing that they are

one of the schools who provide face-to face classes. Which these schools
are progressive in academic development under the Department of

Education (DEPED). The researchers will be able to get a plentitude of

significant information that needed in the study.

 Figure 2. Map of the Research Local

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the elementary pupils of the 1 st

District of Municipality of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay. Among the 30

elementary pupils respondents ten (10) are from San Jose, ten (10) from

Balugo and ten (10) from Dumpoc Elementary School will be selected

randomly.

All of them will be given some of survey questionnaire, as part of the

process of this research. To provide enough data and information to the

readers, the researchers personally conduct the survey.

Table Description
Respondents Male Female Total

San Jose 5 5 10
Elementary
Pupils
Balugo 5 5 10
Elementary
Pupils
Dumpoc 5 5 10
Elementary
Pupils
15 15 30

Research Instrument

The instrument of this study will be composed of set of

questionnaires that are relevant to the study. The draft of questionnaires

will be drawn based on the researchers’ statement of the problem and

published and unpublished thesis relevant to the study.

 a. Description

This study will use a survey-checklist to gather data relevant to the study

that determines the relationship between the perception and readiness of

elementary pupils on the implementation of face-to-face classes. This

study used 2 sets of standardized questionnaires. The first set of

questionnaire is in a form of standardized questionnaire consists of ten

questions relating to the perception and readiness of elementary pupils on

the implementation of face-to-face classes.

b. Reliability and Validity

For the reliability of research instruments that will be used for this study a

standardized questionnaire shall be adapted, hence, there is no process

shall be made for the reliability since it has been used widely for most

researchers. As to the content validity, there will be three (2) research

questionnaire content validators will check on the content and structure of

the questionnaire.

Level of Perception

Scale Range

Strongly 4 3.51 – 4.00

Agree

Agree 3 2.51 – 3. 50

Disagree 2 1.51 – 2.50

 Strongly 1 1.00 – 1.50

Disagree

Level of Readiness

Scale Range

Strongly 4 3.51 – 4.00

Agree

Agree 3 2.51 – 3.50

Disagre 2 1.51 – 2.50

Strongly 1 1.00 – 1.50

Disagre

Data Gathering Procedure

The sampling to be used in this study is a purposive sampling. The

researchers will choose the respondents who will intend to give answers in
the questions provided. The researchers specifically the Bachelor of

Elementary Education students that will distribute survey questionnaire to

the respondents who are purposively selected. The collection of data will

be done during the free time of the chosen respondents so it will not

disturb the time of office and as well as the respondents to have an

enough time to answer it well. In this study, if the respondents refuse to

participate in answering the given questions, the researchers will not force

them to answer because the respondents have the right to neglect if they

want to. Before the gathering process, the research adviser will provide a

letter of consent serve as a permission and approval to conduct a survey.

The letter will be signed by the research adviser as well as the WMSU–

IESU Unit Coordinator.

Since the research gathering falls during post-pandemic time, the

researchers will follow the protocols to prevent the spreading of the virus

and far from contamination. The researchers will wear a face mask during

the time of giving the questionnaires to the chosen respondents, and also

for the collection process of data. Once the local government of

Zamboanga Sibugay particularly in this research locale will imposing

lockdown again, the researchers have another way to conduct a survey to

the respondents. The researchers will utilize google form, online apps or

through phone call for the collection process of data. The researchers will

inform the respondents ahead of time for them to answer the survey

questionnaire efficiently.
Statistical Treatment of Data

The following formula will be used to calculate the Spearman Rank

correlations between under study. Spearman Rank correlations is a

formula to determine the perception and readiness of elementary pupils on

the implementation of the face-to-face classes. Weighted Mean is also a

formula to measure the perception and readiness of elementary pupils on

the implementation of the face-to-face classes.

Statistical Formula.

1. Weighted Mean. This statistical tool will be used to measure the

perception and readiness of elementary pupils on the implementation of

the face-to-face classes.

Where:

W = weighted average
n = number of terms to be averaged
Wi = weights applied to x values
Xi = data values to be averaged

2. Spearman- Rank Correlations. This statistical tool will be used to

determine the perception and readiness of elementary pupils on the

 implementation of the face-to-face classes.

Where:
 p is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
 d is the difference between the two ranks of each observation.
 n is the number of observations