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Embedded Systems: Processors & Hardware

Embedded systems rely on processors to control operations, with types including microcontrollers, microprocessors, and DSPs. Key hardware components include memory, input/output devices, communication interfaces, and power supply units, while software consists of firmware, RTOS, application software, and device drivers. Development tools involve compilers and IDEs, with programming languages such as C, C++, and Python used for development.

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9 views3 pages

Embedded Systems: Processors & Hardware

Embedded systems rely on processors to control operations, with types including microcontrollers, microprocessors, and DSPs. Key hardware components include memory, input/output devices, communication interfaces, and power supply units, while software consists of firmware, RTOS, application software, and device drivers. Development tools involve compilers and IDEs, with programming languages such as C, C++, and Python used for development.

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yadavaman7302
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Embedded Systems Notes

Processors in Embedded Systems

In an embedded system, the processor is the core component that controls and executes all operations. It processes
inputs from sensors, executes instructions from firmware, and manages outputs through actuators or displays.

Types of Processors:
1. Microcontroller (MCU)
2. Microprocessor (MPU)
3. Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
4. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
5. System on Chip (SoC)
6. Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
7. RISC Processor
8. CISC Processor

Microcontroller Example: 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM Cortex-M


Embedded Systems Notes

Hardware Units of Embedded Systems

1. Processor - Executes instructions and controls the system.


2. Memory - Stores program code and data (RAM, ROM, EEPROM).
3. Input Devices - Sensors like temperature, IR, touch, etc.
4. Output Devices - Actuators like LEDs, motors, displays.
5. Communication Interfaces - UART, SPI, I2C, USB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi.
6. Power Supply Unit - Provides power using batteries or adapters.
7. Clock/Timer Circuit - Synchronizes operations.
8. Timers and Counters - Used for real-time tasks.
9. ADC - Converts analog input to digital.
10. DAC - Converts digital output to analog.
11. Buses - Address, Data, and Control buses connect all units.
Embedded Systems Notes

Software in Embedded Systems

1. Firmware - Core control program stored in ROM/Flash.


2. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) - Manages tasks and hardware in real-time.
3. Application Software - Provides user-level features.
4. Middleware - Communication and support services.
5. Device Drivers - Interface between software and hardware.

Development Tools:
- Compiler, Assembler, Linker, Debugger
- IDE (e.g., Keil, MPLAB), Programmer/Flasher

Languages Used:
- Assembly, C, C++, Python (MicroPython), Verilog/VHDL

Features:
- Size-constrained, speed-efficient, real-time behavior, robust.

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