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Business Math Profit and Loss Analysis

The document presents a series of business math problems related to a company's financial performance, including profit and loss statements, operating expenses, and sales calculations. It also includes true or false statements about mathematical concepts and definitions, as well as research-related questions focusing on the purpose of research, literature reviews, and hypothesis formation. Additionally, it covers degenerate cases in mathematics and sequences, providing a comprehensive overview of business and research mathematics.

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GERALDINE LIBARRA
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10 views5 pages

Business Math Profit and Loss Analysis

The document presents a series of business math problems related to a company's financial performance, including profit and loss statements, operating expenses, and sales calculations. It also includes true or false statements about mathematical concepts and definitions, as well as research-related questions focusing on the purpose of research, literature reviews, and hypothesis formation. Additionally, it covers degenerate cases in mathematics and sequences, providing a comprehensive overview of business and research mathematics.

Uploaded by

GERALDINE LIBARRA
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BUSINESS MATH

For numbers 1-5, refer to the given scenario and give what is being asked.
ABCD company invites you to invest as a business partner. Before making the deal, you
decided to ask first for the details of the company’s performance for the last month of May 2020.
Based on your gathered data, the company purchased a lot for merchandise that cost
₱500,000.00. The company aims to sell all the products at 25% profit (Target sales=
₱500,000.00 x 125% = ₱625,000.00). The company sold ₱430,500.00 worth of merchandise
within the first three weeks of the month.
The remaining merchandise was bought at a 7% discount in the fourth week since it was his
regular customer who bought the remaining merchandise. For the current month, it incurred the
following expenses.
Delivery expense ₱25,000.00
General Administrative expenses ₱30,000 .00
Utilities expense ₱15,000 .00
Prepare a profit and loss statement

1. Net sales
A. ₱41,385.00 C. ₱430,500.00
B. ₱111,385.00 D. ₱611,385.00

2. Sales discount
A. ₱13,615.00 C. ₱1,859.38
B. ₱30,135.00 D. ₱611,385.00

3. Operating expenses
A. ₱13,615.00 C. ₱111,385.00
B. ₱70,000.00 D. ₱611,385.00

4. Gross profit
A. ₱41,385.00 C. ₱430,500.00
B. ₱111,385.00 D. ₱611,385.00

5. Net profit/loss
A. ₱41,385.00 C. ₱430,500.00
B. ₱111,385.00 D. ₱611,385.00

For numbers 6-10, identify if the statements are true or false. Choose the letter that
represents the correct combination of answers.

6. Statement I- A statement that two ratios are equal is called a proportion.


Statement II- From a is the first term; b the second term; c the third term; and d the fourth
term. The first and fourth terms are called the means. The second and third terms are called
the extremes.
A. Both statements are false C. Only statement I is true
B. Both statements are true D. Only statement II s true

7. Statement I- In Direct Proportion, the order of the second ratio should not be in the same
order as in the first ratio. increase in the other; or a decrease in one of two values results in
a decrease in the other.
Statement II- In Indirect Proportion, the first term of the first ratio corresponds to the second
term of the ratio and the second term of the first ratio corresponds to the first term of the second
ratio.
A. Both statements are false C. Only statement I is true
B. Both statements are true D. Only statement II s true

8. Statement I- Gross sales refers to the overall total sales.


Statement II- Net sales refers to the total sales after deducting sales discount and sales
returns.
A. Both statements are false C. Only statement I is true
B. Both statements are true D. Only statement II s true
9. Statement I- Sales Discount is a reduction in the price of a product or service that is offered
by the seller, in exchange for early payment by the buyer.
Statement II- Sales Returns occur when customers return defective, damaged, or otherwise
undesirable products to the seller.
A. Both statements are false C. Only statement I is true
B. Both statements are true D. Only statement II s true

10. Statement I- Labor can be a variable expense if workers are paid salary or hourly, not by the
job.
Statement II- Labor can be a fixed expense if workers are paid per product produced or per
service rendered.
A. Both statements are false C. Only statement I is true
B. Both statements are true D. Only statement II s true
BUSINESS MATH

For numbers 1-3, identify the graph of the following degenerate cases.

1. x 2+ 5 x + y 2− y+7=0
A. Empty set C. Point

B. Line D. Two intersecting lines

2. 36 x 2+ 360 x +64 y 2−512 y+1924=0.


A. Empty set C. Point

B. Line D. Two intersecting lines

3. −5 x 2+ 60 x +7 y 2 +84 y+72=0 ?
A. Empty set C. Point

B. Line D. Two intersecting lines

4. A parabolic shaped-irrigation canal is 16m wide and 4m deep at the center. Find a defining
equation for the parabolic shaped canal.
A. x 2=8 y C. y 2=8 x
B. x 2=16 y D. y 2=16 x

5. A rabbit will move no more than 12 miles away from its hole. At that time, you are taking a
walk about 6 miles west and 7 miles south of the rabbit hole. What is the longest distance
that a rabbit can move away from its hole?
A. √ 85 miles C. 12 miles
B. √ 51 miles D. 85 miles

6. Describe the circles x 2+ y 2−8 y−1=0∧x 2 + y 2 +10 x+ 8=0.


A. They are congruent circles C. The length of the radiusis 16
B. They intersect ∈quadrant 2 D. all of these

7. While some sequences are simply random values, other sequences have a definite pattern
that is used to arrive at the sequence's terms. Two such sequences are the arithmetic and
geometric sequences. Which of the following best illustrate geometric sequence?
A. x 5 , x 7 , x 9 , x11 ,… C. x 5 , x 10 , x 20 , x 40 , …
B. 5 x , 10 x ,15 x ,20 x , … D. 3 x , 9 x 2 ,81 x 4 6561 x 4

8. If x + 2, 3x + 1, 6x – 2 form an arithmetic sequence, what is x?


A. 1 C. 2
B. 3 D. 4

9. How many boxes of milk are needed in Gaisano grocery store display if they want to set up
a stack of 15 boxes at the base of the triangle and one box at the top?
A. 180 boxes C. 120 boxes
B. 30 boxes D. 15 boxes

∞
10. Expand Σ n=0 2n .
A. 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 C. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10
B. 0 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … D. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + …
RESEARCH

1. Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of research?


A. Research often takes time and effort, and it always provide immediate
solution.
B. The goal of research is to discover the truth, and to confirm a
preconceived notion.
C. Research can provide valuable insights and replace personal
experiences and intuition.
D. Research uncovers new facts, theories and insights that can advance
our understanding of various fields.

2. Literature review plays a significant impact in the discussion of the results and findings. The
discussion of results and findings should focus on your research rather than those of the
other previous research. Hence, the literature review should be used only in the discussion
as support, evidence, and further explanation for your study. What are the ways of using
literature review in the discussion of your study?
A. Providing context as a foundation to develop your ideas.
B. Stating what contribution your study has made in the field.
C. Comparing your findings from other previous related studies.
D. All of these

3. Which of the following is an example of author focus in-text citation of APA style?
A. Libarra (2019)
B. Learning station is effective way of teaching Calculus.
C. Learning station is effective way of teaching Calculus. (Libarra, 2019)
D. According to Libarra (2019) learning station is effective way of teaching Calculus.

4. Which of the following is an example of operational definition in research?


A. Happiness is a state of well-being and contentment.
B. Happiness is often described as a state of feeling content, satisfied, and fulfilled.
C. Happiness is characterized by positive emotions like joy, contentment, gratitude
and love.
D. Happiness will be measured using a self-report questionnaire that asks
participants to rate their overall happiness on a scale of 1 to 5.

5. One of the characteristics of a good research question is feasible. It considers the


amount of time, energy, money, respondents, and even your current situation as a
student-researcher. Which of the following is not an example of a feasible
research question?
A. What are the different learning delivery modes of the school?
B. What are the various learning styles of the students?
C. What are the effects of giving each learner their own laptop to be used
in this blended learning in their performance tasks?
D. Is there any significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students?

6. Give an example of a null hypothesis in the research question on item 5.


A. There is a significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students.
B. There is no significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students.
C. Is there any significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students?
D. Is there any significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school, availability of learning resources, and the
learning styles of its students?
7. Give an example of an alternative hypothesis in the research question on item 5.
A. There is a significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students.
B. There is no significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students.
C. Is there any significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students?
D. Is there any significant relationship between the different learning
delivery modes of the school, availability of learning resources, and the
learning styles of its students?

8. Which of the following best describes data analysis?


A. Data analysis in research is a process in which the researchers gather
information that will yield to another research question.
B. Data analysis in research is a process in which researchers gather information
that will yield to answer the research questions.
C. Data analysis in research is a process in which gathered information is presented
in such a manner that it will yield answers to the research questions.
D. Data analysis in research is a process in which gathered information is
summarized in such a manner that it will yield answers to the research questions.

9. What will you do if the selected respondent of the study is not available during the data
gathering process?
A. Wait until he/she will be available whatever it takes.
B. The study will no longer reliable since respondent is incomplete.
C. Randomly select another respondent to replace the unavailable one.
D. Since the total number of the respondents will not be complete, just simply less
the marginal error.

10. Which of the following statements is the main purpose of recommendations of


your research study?
A. Long and narrated like a story.
B. Explain the methodology of your study.
C. Discuss the benefits of the participants.
D. Provide a beneficial guide to resolve certain issues that can possibly
result in a beneficial outcome.

Common questions

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A feasible research question takes into account available resources such as time, cost, subject availability, and practicality of implementation. Feasibility ensures the scope of the study matches the researcher’s capabilities and constraints, avoiding overly ambitious or vague questions that may not align with logistical limitations .

In direct proportions, an increase in one variable results in a proportional increase in the other, and the ratios are in the same order (a:b :: c:d). In indirect proportions, an increase in one variable results in a proportional decrease in the other. The terms are in reverse order between the two ratios (a:b :: d:c).

The null hypothesis suggests no significant relationship between different learning delivery modes and student learning styles. It is necessary to provide a baseline for testing relationships, preventing biased conclusions and allowing for statistical validation of the research hypothesis .

To calculate the gross profit, we need to determine the total sales and subtract the cost of the merchandise sold. ABCD Company sold ₱430,500 worth of merchandise and the remaining merchandise was sold at a 7% discount. Therefore, the sales from the remaining merchandise sold for ₱625,000 minus the discount (₱437,500). Gross profit is calculated by the difference between sales and the cost of goods sold (₱500,000); thus, Gross Profit = ₱430,500 + ₱437,500 - ₱500,000 = ₱368,000 .

Labor can be a variable expense if workers are paid hourly or by salary because these costs fluctuate with the level of work produced or hours worked. Conversely, labor can be a fixed expense if employees are paid per job or piece, where costs remain consistent regardless of hours worked .

Sales discounts reduce the price of products/services for early payment, decreasing the gross sales to arrive at net sales. Net sales are the total sales revenue subtracting sales discounts and returns, impacting the total revenue positively by encouraging prompt payments and negatively by reducing gross receipts .

In research, operational definitions clarify precise criteria or standards used to measure and observe variables. They ensure clarity, consistency, and replicability by defining how abstract concepts are measured tangibly or quantitatively, such as measuring happiness with a self-report questionnaire rated on a scale .

A literature review provides context and background, supporting evidence, and further explanation for a study. It helps identify gaps in existing research, establishes the importance of the study, and shows how the current research contributes to the field. It offers a foundation to develop new ideas and underscores the significance of the study's findings .

A geometric sequence is characterized by each term being a constant multiple of the previous term, such as x, x*r, x*r^2,... where r is the common ratio. This differs from an arithmetic sequence, where each term increases by a constant addition to the previous term, indicated by the pattern x + d, x + 2d, x + 3d,... where d is the common difference .

Gross sales represent total sales revenue before deductions, indicating overall product/service demand. Net sales account for deductions like sales discounts and returns, showcasing realized revenue. Net sales provide a clearer understanding of performance, reflecting actual income retained after discounts and returns, critical for financial analysis and strategy .

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